scholarly journals The handling of bodies at the Drancy camp (1941–44)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Johanna Lehr
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Mass Grave ◽  
Internment Camp

This article seeks to show that the bodies of Jewish people who died in the Drancy internment camp between 1941 and 1944 were handled on French soil in a doubly normalised manner: first by the police and judicial system, and then in relation to funeral arrangements. My findings thus contradict two preconceived ideas that have become firmly established in collective memory: first, the belief that the number who died in the Drancy camp is difficult to establish; and second, the belief that the remains of internees who died in the camp were subjected to rapid and anonymous burial in a large mass grave in Drancy municipal cemetery.

scholarly journals Die oorsake van anti-Semitisme in die antieke heidenwêreld in en rondom die Nuwe-Testamentiese tydvak

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Religious Convictions ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Religious Nature

The causes of anti-Semitism in ancient paganism in and around the New Testament period In this article the causes of ancient anti-Semitism are investigated. This is not a mere academic quest, since some of these factors may still be relevant today. After discussing some methodological pitfalls, various causes are identified, some of which were limited to specific areas. Where the balance of power was felt to be in jeopardy, groups reacted strongly. Ensuing clashes aggravated the resentment and caused anti-Semitism to become still more deeply engrained in the collective memory. In Alexandria economic rivalry probably was a factor. In Rome Jewish propagandistic zeal and Roman pride influenced attitudes. The Egyptian vilification implying that the Jewish nation originally was contaminated by a disease, further negativized attitudes. However, the main causes of anti-Semitism were of a sociological and religious nature. These two causes are related, but at its deepest level ancient anti-Semitism was the price the Jewish people paid for its refusal to compromise its religious convictions and unique identity. In how far the causes of modern anti-Semitism overlap with those of antiquity should be investigated on its own.

scholarly journals Geopolitical Constraints on Development Policies of Small Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubomir Madžar
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Situation ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
International Interactions ◽  
Sound Bending

Unlike competitive markets with theoretically infinite number of agents whose decisions merge into a large mass of other agents’ decisions, forming prices as allocation parameters controlled by no one, international arena is characterized by a limited number of discernible subjects whose decisions have system-wide impacts and turn out significant for policies of other agents. Policies pursued by any country concern not only the country in question but influence other countries and oftentimes significantly affect the degree and manner of reaching their policy objectives. Due to the limited number of acting entities the nexus of international interactions has a notable conflict potential. Small countries are in a special situation due to their almost implied modest power implying further a significant number of independent agents whose interests have to be seriously taken into account in framing their own development and many other policies. Policies of various countries come out visibly interdependent so that other agents’ interests and actions uninterruptedly define wide enough set of constraints to be observed in formulating and implementing development policies of the country in question.Particularly important are the large, economically developed and militarily powerful countries. Their aspirations have to be carefully observed and meticulouslystudied by the small and relatively weak countries. There might emerge, and in Serbiancountries almost regularly emerges, a conflict between highly valued nationalgoals deeply rooted in history, popular myths and collective memory, on the onehand, and interests of the big powerful international players on the other. These aresettings in which baleful strategic mistakes are occasionally made and in Serbianhistory the frequency of such mistakes was rather pronounced. There has been farabove the optimum courage in Serbian history conspicuously exercised by both elitesand popular masses. The consequences of such “determinations for the kingdom ofheavens” are perilous and mistakes are dearly paid in terms of hundreds of thousandsof lost lives and wasted chances for economic and general social development.The paper ends with recommendation that the small countries endeavor to carefullyfit into interests and policies of great powers, invest equally large efforts into choosingthe right allies and adjust pragmatically to their aspirations and, as the casemight be, even to their orders. No matter how strange it may sound, bending flexiblyto the interests of the mighty may be the optimal strategy of pursuing the genuinenational objectives. For, no matter how elevated and majestic they are, they dwindleto little value if they are blocked in the process of realization and the high-mindedefforts invested in their realization get ultimately frustrated. 

scholarly journals At the Foot of the Grave: Challenging Collective Memories of Violence in Post-Franco Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311983213
Author(s):  
Nicole Iturriaga
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Mass Grave ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Central Interest

Understanding the development and meaning of collective memory is a central interest for sociologists. One aspect of this literature focuses on the processes that social movement actors use to introduce long-silenced counter-memories of violence to supplant the “official” memory. To examine this, I draw on 15 months of ethnographic observations with the Spanish Association for the Recovery of Historical Memory (ARMH) and 200 informal and 30 formal interviews with locals and activists. This paper demonstrates that ARMH activists, during forensic classes given at mass grave exhumations, use multiple tactics (depoliticized science framing, action-oriented objects, and embodiment) to deliver a counter-memory of the Spanish Civil War and Franco regime and make moral and transitional justice claims. This research shows how victims’ remains and the personal objects found in the graves also provoke the desired meaning that emotionally connects those listening to the classes to the victims and the ARMH’s counter-memory.

Preserving Holocaust History: Geophysical Investigations at the Ponary (Paneriai) Extermination Site

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Alastair McClymont ◽  
paul bauman ◽  
Richard A. Freund ◽  
Jon Seligman ◽  
Harry M. Jol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Mass Grave ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Site Layout ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Geophysical Investigations ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Historical Photographs

Holocaust mass grave sites in eastern Europe can be difficult to investigate due to a paucity of historical documentation relating to the events and because using traditional invasive archaeology methods raises concerns around the disturbance of the remains of Jewish people. When combined with other lines of evidence, including historic photos and eyewitness testimony, non-invasive geophysical methods help to effectively identify and demarcate buried features at Holocaust sites, limiting unnecessary excavations. Between 1941 and 1944, as many as 100,000 people were murdered at the Ponary (Paneriai) extermination site in Lithuania, but many critical details of the site layout during this period are still to be resolved, including the location of some of the mass graves and confirmation of an escape tunnel that was used by slave labourers to escape captivity and certain death at the site. In this study, we show how a combination of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiling, limited ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data, and bare-earth elevation data (from a light and distance ranging (LiDAR) dataset) were used to confirm the location of a large unmarked mass grave with a diameter of ~25 metres and depth of ~4 metres. Additional ERT profiling at a second location imaged the entrance to an escape tunnel previously uncovered by an archaeological excavation in 2004, and detected a ~5 metre section of the continuation of the tunnel, approximately 33 metres away from the tunnel entrance. The geophysical results are supported by evidence from limited archaeological excavations, historical photographs, eyewitness descriptions of the site layout, and testimonies from the few survivors who managed to escape Ponary.

Open discussion

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
List Type ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

Appropriation des Savoirs et Mémoire Collective

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Sophie Richardot
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Memoire Collective ◽  
Obedience To Authority

The aim of this study is to understand to what extent soliciting collective memory facilitates the appropriation of knowledge. After being informed about Milgram’s experiment on obedience to authority, students were asked to mention historical or contemporary events that came to mind while thinking about submission to authority. Main results of the factorial analysis show that the students who do not believe in the reproducibility of the experimental results oppose dramatic past events to a peaceful present, whereas those who do believe in the reproducibility of the results also mention dramatic contemporary events, thus linking past and present. Moreover, the students who do not accept the results for today personify historical events, whereas those who fully accept them generalize their impact. Therefore, according to their attitude toward this objet of knowledge, the students refer to two kinds of memory: a “closed memory,” which tends to relegate Milgram’s results to ancient history; and an “open memory,” which, on the contrary, transforms past events into a concept that helps them understand the present. Soliciting collective memory may contribute to the appropriation of knowledge provided the memory activated is an “open” one, linking past to present and going beyond the singularity of the event.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document