The development of a formula to estimate tree age of naturally regenerated seedlings in an artificial urban forest using basal diameter and height

MIYAZAKI Naomi; HIRATA Masahiro; KIKUCHI Shunichi

doi:10.7211/jjsrt.45.212

Early Selection of Larix principis-rupprechtii

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1095 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 1095-1098

Author(s):

Guo Jun Zhang ◽

Hong Mei Cao ◽

Min Hua Zhao ◽

Xue Ying Jia ◽

Jun Ming Yang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Correlation ◽

Growth Process ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Tree Height ◽

Early Selection ◽

Tree Age ◽

Early Prediction ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Late Growth ◽

Selection Of

The growth process of tree height and basal diameter of 24-year old of 416 felled individual plants were measured to detect correlation between the early and late growth ofLarix principis-rupprechtii. Rank correlation, phenotypic and genetic correlation between height, basal diameter and the tree-age were analyzed. Results showed that height ofLarix principis-rupprechtiiin early tree-age was closely correlated with that in late tree-age. It was feasible for early prediction and selection. It could select preferred in 2-year old nursery seedlings, and the second suitable selection period was at the age of 9-13. And tree height was a good indicator for early selection.

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Trunk and main-branch development in Nothofagus pumilio (Nothofagaceae): a retrospective analysis of tree growth

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b02-059 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 80 (7) ◽

pp. 763-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

A Passo ◽

J G Puntieri ◽

D Barthélémy

Keyword(s):

Tree Growth ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Tree Age ◽

Nothofagus Pumilio ◽

Basal Diameter ◽

Length Unit ◽

Architectural Analysis ◽

Architectural Features ◽

Shoot Size ◽

Number Of Leaves

The development of the trunk and main branches of approximately 26-year-old Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp. et Endl.) Krasser trees was studied. The length and number of leaves of annual shoots were recorded for 56 trees from a natural population. Morphological and macroanatomical features allowed the identification of shoot apex deaths and the axillary positions from which branches and relay shoots derived. The trees had a mean height of approximately 6 m and a mean basal diameter of approximately 8 cm. The length of trunk shoots increased from the first years to the intermediate years of tree growth and decreased for the last 6 years of tree growth. The maximum length and number of leaves of trunk shoots were registered for the years around 1985, when tree age was about 17 years. The likelihood of apex death for trunk shoots was minimum for the period of maximum trunk shoot size. Despite the fact that the architectural features of the sampled trees corresponded to those of young, vigorously growing trees, they seemed to have reached a stage of low annual height growth. A sharp decrease in trunk shoot size occurred in 1992, a year in which rainfall during the growing season reached the minimum for the lifetime of the sampled trees. The size of shoots developed after 1992 was, on average, lower than that of shoots developed before 1992. Stressful conditions in this year may relate to meristem ageing and thus to the size of shoots formed in the following years. Main branches started their development with shoots similar to those of the trunk but were clearly differentiated from the trunk 5 years later. The differentiation between main branch and trunk shoots involved not only a lower shoot size but also a higher number of leaves per shoot length unit in main branch than in trunk shoots.Key words: Nothofagus pumilio, architectural analysis, shoot, trunk development, branching pattern, morphogenetic gradient.

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Hurricanes and the Urban Forest: I. Effects on Southeastern United States Coastal Plain Tree Species

Arboriculture & Urban Forestry ◽

10.48044/jauf.2007.010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 83-97

Author(s):

Mary Duryea ◽

Eliana Kampf ◽

Ramon Littell

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Coastal Plain ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Tree Species ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Urban Forest ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Tree Age ◽

Wind Resistance ◽

Live Oak

Several hurricanes struck Florida, U.S. in 2004 and 2005 causing widespread damage to urban and rural areas. We measured the impacts of five of these hurricanes on the urban forest and combined these results with four other hurricanes to present an assessment of wind resistance for southeastern United States coastal plain tree species. Urban forest loss was positively correlated with wind speed. Tree species demonstrating the highest survival in winds were sand live oak (Quercus geminata), American holly (Ilex opaca), southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), live oak (Quercus virginiana), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica), dogwood (Cornus florida), and sabal palm (Sabal palmetto). In a statistical comparison of sand live oak, live oak, and laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) survival after four panhandle hurricanes, laurel oak had significantly poorer survival than both live oak and sand live oak. Among all species, larger trees lost more branches than medium and smaller trees. Leaf loss had a positive relationship with survival; losing leaves during the hurricane meant higher survival. Trees growing in groups or clusters had greater survival than those growing as individual trees. Tree species with higher wood density had greater survival. Tree species categorized as having dense crowns lost more branches than those with moderate and open crowns; however, contrary to the literature, dense-crowned species survived best. A survey of arborists, scientists, and urban foresters ranked species for their wind resistance. Using our results from hurricane measurements and incorporating results from the survey and the scientific literature, we have developed lists of relative wind resistance for tree species in the southeastern coastal plain. These lists should be used with caution with the knowledge that no species and no tree is completely windproof. In addition, local considerations such as soil, cultural practices, tree age and health, and other urban forest conditions need to be taken into account.

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Agroforestry in Eastern Otago: results from two long-term experiments

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2000.62.2398 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 93-98

Author(s):

G.G. Cossens ◽

M.F. Hawke

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Tree Growth ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

Carrying Capacity ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Tree Age ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Pasture Production ◽

Clover Content ◽

Pasture Yield

During the first 20 years of a Pinus radiata tree rotation, tree growth and pasture yield were assessed under a range of tree spacings at Invermay and Akatore, two coastal sites in Eastern Otago. Pasture yield in association with trees thinned to 100 stems per hectare (sph) was comparable to that from open pasture up to a tree age of 12 years. By the 19th year, however, pasture production declined to 63% of open pasture yield at Invermay and to 42% at Akatore. At 200 and 400 sph at Akatore, pasture yield was similar to that from open pasture at tree age 12 years but declined to 27% and 0% of open pasture yield respectively by year 20. At both Invermay and Akatore, the ryegrass and clover content of open pasture was relatively constant throughout the term of the trial. However, both the ryegrass and clover content of pasture beneath trees began to decline by tree age 12 years with a very rapid decline at Akatore in the number of pasture species at 200 sph by the 19th year. No pasture remained at 400 sph, after 19 years. Livestock carrying capacity with sheep on tree treatments at Invermay decreased from 100% of open pasture at year 6 to 60% by year 10. At Akatore, livestock carrying capacity averaged over the 20-year life of the trial was 4.1 stock units per hectare with a maximum of 8.1 stock units at a tree age of 8 years. Tree growth at both sites was similar, averaging between 1 and 1.1 m/year in height over 20 years, with trees at Invermay at 100 sph averaging 9% greater height and diameter growth than at Akatore. Increasing tree stocking from 100 to 200 to 400 sph at Akatore, resulted in increased tree height, but decreased diameter at breast height. A comparison of the East Otago trees with those in a similar trial at Tikitere (Rotorua) 900 km further north indicated that the southern trees were about 6 years later in their growth pattern by tree age 20 years. On both sites, soil pH tended to be lower in the presence of trees and was significantly lower than in open pasture by year 20. The results and comparisons with the Tikitere data suggest that, in an integrated agroforestry regime, there will be livestock grazing under the trees further into the tree rotation in Otago than in North Island sites. However, slower tree growth would result in a longer rotation time to harvest. Current recommendations to farmers are to plant trees on the less productive areas of the farm and adopt a tree stocking rate which fully utilises the site. Keywords: agroforestry, livestock, pasture, Pinus radiata, soil pH, tree stocking

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Properties of Gliricidia Wood (Gliricidia sepium) lntercropped with Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in Malaysia

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v14i1.5418 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Mohd Helmy Ibrahim ◽

Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽

Razali Abd Kader

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Specific Gravity ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Age Groups ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Cell Wall Thickness ◽

Tree Age ◽

Lumen Diameter ◽

Significant Difference

Trees planted from agroforestry practices can become valuable resources in meeting the wood requirements of many nations. Gliricidia sepium is an exotic species introduced to the agricultural sector in Malaysia mainly for providing shade for cocoa and coffee plantations. This study investigates its wood physical properties (specific gravity and moisture content) and fibre morphology (length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness) of G. sepium at three intervals according to age groups ( three, five and seven years of ages). Specific gravity (0.72) was significantly higher at seven years ofage as compared to five (0.41) and three (0.35) years age group with a mean of 0.43 (p<0.05). Mean moisture content was 58.3% with no significant difference existing between the tree age groups. Fibre diameter (22.4 mm) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the trees which were three years of age when compared to five and seven years age groups (26.6 mm and 24. 7 mm), respectively. Means of fibre length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 0.83 mm, 18.3 mm, and 6.2 mm, respectively, with no significant differences detected between trees in all age groups. Further calculation on the coefficient of suppleness and runkel ratio suggest that wood from G.sepium may have the potential for insulation board manufacturing and paper making. However, future studies should experiment the utilisation of this species for these products to determine its full potential.

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