scholarly journals “ The future of revegetation technology in cold regions with snowfall ” Relationship between shear characteristics and soil cover thickness on soil specimen including roots of Festuca rubra L. and Phalaris arundinacea L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-502
Author(s):  
Toshimi MUNEOKA ◽  
Yuri YAMAZAKI ◽  
Gou OMATA ◽  
Rena ISHIKAWA ◽  
Naoto FUKUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Soil Specimen ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Shear Characteristics ◽  
Cover Thickness

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Climate Change and Land Use Change Scenarios on Soil Erosion at the Minab Dam Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Azimi Sardari ◽  
Ommolbanin Bazrafshan ◽  
Thomas Panagopoulos ◽  
Elham Rafiei Sardooi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Future Period ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Climate and land use change can influence susceptibility to erosion and consequently land degradation. The aim of this study was to investigate in the baseline and a future period, the land use and climate change effects on soil erosion at an important dam watershed occupying a strategic position on the narrow Strait of Hormuz. The future climate change at the study area was inferred using statistical downscaling and validated by the Canadian earth system model (CanESM2). The future land use change was also simulated using the Markov chain and artificial neural network, and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation was adopted to estimate soil loss under climate and land use change scenarios. Results show that rainfall erosivity (R factor) will increase under all Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The highest amount of R was 40.6 MJ mm ha−1 h−1y−1 in 2030 under RPC 2.6. Future land use/land cover showed rangelands turning into agricultural lands, vegetation cover degradation and an increased soil cover among others. The change of C and R factors represented most of the increase of soil erosion and sediment production in the study area during the future period. The highest erosion during the future period was predicted to reach 14.5 t ha−1 y−1, which will generate 5.52 t ha−1 y−1 sediment. The difference between estimated and observed sediment was 1.42 t ha−1 year−1 at the baseline period. Among the soil erosion factors, soil cover (C factor) is the one that watershed managers could influence most in order to reduce soil loss and alleviate the negative effects of climate change.

Evaluation of alternative cover systems using GIS

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Julie Coonrod ◽  
John Stormont ◽  
Lisa Vantassell
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Capillary Barrier ◽  
Waste Containment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Cover Systems ◽  
Gis Environment ◽  
Cover Thickness

Abstract Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be used to determine and display the depths of native soil covers required for waste containment sites. Readily available data for the State of New Mexico are used in a GIS environment to determine the required depth of two separate cover systems. The depth of an evapotranspirative (ET) soil cover is determined using the available water capacity of the soil and the amount of dormant precipitation. The thickness of a capillary barrier cover system is determined using unsaturated hydraulic parameters, the amount of dormant precipitation, and an iterative numerical model. A difference map showing the savings using a capillary barrier instead of an ET cover is then created. The use of a capillary barrier in areas with fine-grained soils can decrease the necessary soil cover thickness by 90 cm of soil. The computed cover thickness compare well with those determined using Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP) (Schroeder et al., 1994), a model commonly used in New Mexico to determine if alternative cover systems can meet the required performance criteria.

Salinization of soil over saline-sodic overburden from the oil sands in Alberta

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kessler ◽  
S.L. Barbour ◽  
K.C.J. van Rees ◽  
B.S. Dobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Salt Migration ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Reconstructed Soil

Saline-sodic mine overburden (also referred to as spoil) removed to access the oil sands in the Athabasca region of Alberta is used as backfill in open pits and is also placed in large upland structures. These deposits are reclaimed with a soil cover to support re-vegetation. The chemistry within reconstructed soil profiles over saline-sodic overburden was investigated to determine the nature and spatial distribution of salts in the soils. Four reclamation treatments were compared: three layered covers (35, 50 and 100 cm thick) and one non-layered cover (100 cm thick). Salts have accumulated in the cover soils 15 to 20 cm above the overburden, raising the electrical conductivity in the lower part of the soil to between 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, which is beyond the acceptable value for vegetation growth. Salt redistribution was not related to slope position and the pattern of salt ingress suggests that diffusion has been the main mechanism driving salt migration into the soils during the initial 4-yr period following placement. Cover thickness did not affect the extent of salt migration, but the overall quality of the thinner covers (35 and 50 cm) for vegetation growth was compromised by the increased salinity levels.

The Future of a Cold Regions Deltaic Ecosystem Influenced by Multiple Hydrological Stressors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Peters ◽  
Wendy Monk ◽  
Donald Baird
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Aquatic Ecology ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
The Future

<p>The Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD) in one of the largest (~6000 km<sup>2</sup>) freshwater deltaic ecosystem in the world.  This low relief, deltaic floodplain formed at the confluence of the Peace-Athabasca-Birch rivers the west end of Lake Athabasca in northwestern Canada.  Small changes in water level/depth have important implications for surface water connectivity and associated habitat quality The floodplains contain more than 1000 wetland-lake basins with varying degrees of connectivity to the main flow system.  Hydroperiod is influenced by occasional ice-jam and open-water inundations that recharge wetland basins.  This culturally important and biologically rich delta is a Ramsar Convention Wetland Site of International Importance, and is a key feature of the Wood Buffalo National Park (WBNP) that is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  The PAD ecosystem is influenced by contributing basin and local scale hydrological stressors from flow regulation (eg, hydroelectric dam, weirs), water and land use (eg, oil sands mining) and climate change.</p><p>Growing concern regarding increased cumulative effects on the delta led Indigenous Peoples petitioning UNESCO World Heritage Committee (WNC) to reassess the protection status of the park. The WBNP Action Plan was developed to address 17 UNESCO WHC recommendations to ensure maintenance of Outstanding Universal Value of the Park.  One key set of recommendations is to: 1) Conduct environmental flows assessments, to the highest international standard, in order to identify water flows needed to sustain the ecological functioning of the PAD under current and projected development and climate change; 2) Establish adequate baseline hydrological information for PAD assessments.</p><p>A significant scientific effort has been invested in the last four decades, particularly since 2010, in improving our understanding the relationship between streamflow, landscape controls and aquatic ecology in this cold-regions delta.  This information is key to assess historical and present states, learn from past development to inform planned development, and prepare for anticipated future hydro-ecological changes.  However, several key questions arise regarding what is the best approach to preparing for the future and managing such a complex system, what management options are possible within an environmental flow framework given known hydrological stressors, and what future ecosystem state does society want for the delta.  The goal of this presentation focused on the PAD is threefold:  i)  Provide an overview of major hydro-ecological research and water management;  ii)  Assess the potential applicability of riverine environmental flow frameworks to deltaic floodplain environments; and iii)  Explore the development of an environmental flow/water level framework and tools necessary to assess and manage changes to the aquatic ecology of this internationally important deltaic ecosystem.</p>

scholarly journals Shear characteristics on soil specimen including roots of 10 types of herbaceous plants.

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
MUNEOKA Toshimi ◽  
SHIMODA Seiya ◽  
YAMAZAKI Yuri ◽  
KIMURA Masato ◽  
TSUJI Osamu
Keyword(s):  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Soil Specimen ◽  
Shear Characteristics
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