scholarly journals Studies on Soil Development as Influenced by the Method of Large Scale Reclamation of a Sub-urban Forest

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
John NJOROGE ◽  
Yukihiro MORIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Soil Development

scholarly journals Urban Forest Health Monitoring: Large-Scale Assessments in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-346
Author(s):  
Anne Cumming ◽  
Daniel Twardus ◽  
David Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Forest Health Monitoring

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USFS), together with state partners, developed methods to monitor urban forest structure, function, and health at a large statewide scale. Pilot studies have been established in five states using protocols based on USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis and Forest Health Monitoring program data collection standards. Variables and data analysis are described. Advantages of a large-scale monitoring study are discussed and examples of results from Wisconsin are presented. Studies in Indiana, Wisconsin, New Jersey, Tennessee, and Colorado, U.S., have shown that urban forest health monitoring data collection and analysis is feasible and can be implemented nationally.

scholarly journals Multipurpose Census Methodology to Assess Urban Forest Structure in Hong Kong

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 366-378
Author(s):  
C.Y. Jim
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Site Characteristics ◽  
Stone Walls

Surveys of urban forests in the compact city environment of Hong Kong were initiated in 1985 and regularly updated thereafter. Roadside trees were evaluated first in a tree census and reported in this article followed by urban parks, public housing estates, and special habitats such as old stone walls or special specimens such as heritage trees. The survey method aimed at collecting comprehensive data to echo both tree conditions and tree–environmental interactions. Detailed information was gleaned, with the help of well-trained assistants, on tree sites, tree growing space, tree structure, and tree defects and disorders. A field record form was designed, pilot-tested, and refined to solicit responses to multiple choices or direct measurements to minimize subjectivity and errors in data recording and entry. The study also identified potential planting sites, registering suitability for tree growth, site characteristics, and dimensions. Data fields were designed to be quantitative or convertible to ordinal ranks to facilitate statistical analysis. Locations of trees and planting sites were marked on large-scale maps to permit spatial analysis. Besides statistical analysis, community ecology attributes and custom-designed indices were used to assess urban forest structure. The multipurpose method could be appropriately adjusted for use in other compact city areas.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Three Methods for Measuring Local Urban Tree Canopy Cover

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen King ◽  
Dexter Locke
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Urban Tree ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Tree Canopy

Measurements of urban tree canopy cover are crucial for managing urban forests and required for the quantification of the benefits provided by trees. These types of data are increasingly used to secure funding and justify large-scale planting programs in urban areas. Comparisons of tree canopy measurement methods have been conducted before, but a rapidly evolving set of new technologies and applications may leave urban foresters wondering, “Which method is most appropriate for my circumstances?” This analysis compares two well-established measures of local tree canopy and building cover with a third, relatively untested technique. Field-based visual estimations (using the USDA Forest Service’s i-Tree protocols), summaries of highresolution land cover data using geographic information systems (GIS), and an analysis of skyward-oriented hemispherical photographs at 215 roadside sites across the five diverse counties of New York City, New York, U.S., are the methods evaluated herein. The study authors found no statistically significant differences between the methods when comparing tree canopy; however, the hemispherical camera had a tendency to overestimate building coverage. It is concluded that hemispheric photo techniques are understudied in urban areas, and that the i-Tree and GIS-based approaches are complementary and reinforcing tools indispensable for both the urban forest management and research communities.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

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