scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in the Stem-Diameter Growth Rate of Broad Leaf Tree Species in Evergreen Broad Leaf Forests.

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Ken YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Kayoko TOI ◽  
Kyozo CHIBA ◽  
Keiji SAKAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

scholarly journals Seasonal Pattern of Stem Diameter Growth of Qinghai Spruce in the Qilian Mountains, Northwestern China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfang Wan ◽  
Pengtao Yu ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Growth Initiation ◽  
Qinghai Spruce ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

It is important to develop a better understanding of the climatic and soil factors controlling the stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia Kom.) forest. The results will provide basic information for the scientific prediction of trends in the future development of forests. To explain the seasonal pattern of stem diameter growth of Qinghai spruce and its response to environmental factors in the Qilian Mountains, northwest China, the stem diameter changes of 10 sample trees with different sizes and soil and meteorological conditions were observed from May to October of 2015 and 2016. Our results showed that the growth initiation of the stem diameter of Qinghai spruce was on approximately 25 May 2015 and 20 June 2016, and stem diameter growth commenced when the average air and soil temperatures were more than 10 °C and 3 °C, respectively. The cessation of growth occurred on approximately 21 August 2015 and 14 September 2016, and it was probably controlled by soil moisture. Stem diameter growth began earlier, ended later, and exhibited a larger growth rate as tree size increased. For the period May–October, the cumulative stem diameter growth of individual trees was 400 and 380 μm in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The cumulative stem diameter growth had a clear seasonal pattern, which could be divided into three growth stages, i.e., the beginning (from day of year (DOY) 120 to the timing of growth initiation with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1), rapid growth (from the timing of growth initiation to the timing of growth cessation with the daily growth rate of more than 2 μm·day−1), and ending stages (from the timing of growth cessation to DOY 300 with the daily growth rate of less than 2 μm·day−1). The correlation of daily stem growth and environmental factors varied with growth stages; however, temperature, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil moisture were the key factors controlling daily stem diameter growth. Overall, these results indicated that the seasonal variation in stem growth was regulated by soil and climatic triggers. Consequently, changes in climate seasonality may have considerable effects on the seasonal patterns of both stem growth and tree growth.

scholarly journals Growth of three types of sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) in varying planting spaces in agroforestry system

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frisilia Sopacua ◽  
NURHENI WIJAYANTO ◽  
DESTA WIRNAS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth ◽  
Area Data

Abstract. Sopacua F, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2021. Growth of three types of sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) in varying planting spaces in agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 22: 4423-4430. Sengon (Paraserianthes spp.) is a fast-growing tree species that is commonly cultivated in the agroforestry system by communities in Indonesia, mainly on Java Island. Among several types of sengon, Solomon sengon is currently gaining popularity due to the fast growth in height and stem diameter. Nonetheless, the spacing layout of selected sengon types is unclear, including Solomon sengon, which yields more optimal growth. This study aimed to examine the growth of three sengon types (i.e., Solomon F2, Solomon F1, and local Kendal) in three spacing patterns, namely 1.5x1.5m, 3x1.5m, and 3x3m. This research was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 (three months) in the Cikabayan Forest, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java. The parameters of sengon growth observed were plant height, height growth rate, stem diameter, stem diameter growth rate, tree volume, and canopy area. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's. The results showed that all types of sengon had optimal growth in the agroforestry system at various spacings. The growth of Solomon F2 adapted well to denser spacings (1.5x1.5m and 1.5x3m) with the highest averages in plant height, stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??10.50 m, 8.65 cm, 0.36 m3, and 5.39 m2. Local Kendal had optimal growth at a wider spacing (3x3m) with the highest average stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??8.96 cm, 0.043 m3, and 1063 m2. While Solomon F1 adapted well to the three spacings with the highest average in plant height, the growth rate of plant height, stem diameter, volume, and canopy area of ??10.05 m, 1.54 m, 8.59 cm, 0.042 m2, and 2075.30 m2. In general, it can be concluded that the Solomon F1 sengon can adapt well to narrow distances or wide distances. While Solomon F2 is more recommended to be planted at a narrower distance and Kendal local sengon is more recommended to be planted at a wider distance to get optimal growth.

Frequent Irrigation Increases Growth of Pot-in-Pot Sugar and Red Maple

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Robert K. Witmer ◽  
Roger Harris ◽  
Alex X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

In Virginia, pot-in-pot production of shade trees is normally accomplished by growing bareroot whips in 56-L containers for two complete growing seasons (production cycles). This study monitored the growth of Acer saccharum L. `Green Mountain' (sugar maple), a species with moderate growth rate, and Acer rubrum L. `Franksred' (red maple), a species with a fast growth rate, under standard once-a-day irrigation regime (1X) and a cyclic three-times-a-day regime (3X). Equal daily volumes of water were applied under each regime. Height growth rate increased for sugar maples but decreased for red maples in production cycle two compared to production cycle one. Stem diameter growth rates remained steady for red maple, but increased slightly for sugar maple. A 3X irrigation regime increased stem diameter of red maples, but had no other effect on either species in year one. Height and stem diameter growth of both species were increased by the 3X treatment during production cycle two. This study indicates that the standard production period results in decreased growth in the second production cycle for red maple, but not for sugar maple. Growth rates can be enhanced with a 3X irrigation regime for both species in production cycle two. The 3X irrigation regime only increases the stem diameter growth of red maple in the first production cycle.

scholarly journals Change in hydraulic properties and leaf traits in a tall rainforest tree species subjected to long-term throughfall exclusion in the perhumid tropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2179-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schuldt ◽  
C. Leuschner ◽  
V. Horna ◽  
G. Moser ◽  
M. Köhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Throughfall Exclusion ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Abstract. A large-scale replicated throughfall exclusion experiment was conducted in a pre-montane perhumid rainforest in Sulawesi (Indonesia) exposing the trees for two years to pronounced soil desiccation. The lack of regularly occurring dry periods and shallow rooting patterns distinguish this experiment from similar experiments conducted in the Amazonian rainforest. We tested the hypotheses that a tree's sun canopy is more affected by soil drought than its shade crown, making tall trees particularly vulnerable even under a perhumid climate, and that extended drought periods stimulate an acclimation in the hydraulic system of the sun canopy. In the abundant and tall tree species Castanopsis acuminatissima (Fagaceae), we compared 31 morphological, anatomical, hydraulic and chemical variables of leaves, branches and the stem together with stem diameter growth between drought and control plots. There was no evidence of canopy dieback. However, the drought treatment led to a 30 % reduction in sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity of sun canopy branches, possibly caused by the formation of smaller vessels and/or vessel filling by tyloses. Drought caused an increase in leaf size, but a decrease in leaf number, and a reduction in foliar calcium content. The δ13C and δ18O signatures of sun canopy leaves gave no indication of a permanent down-regulation of stomatal conductance during the drought, indicating that pre-senescent leaf shedding may have improved the water status of the remaining leaves. Annual stem diameter growth decreased during the drought, while the density of wood in the recently produced xylem increased in both the stem and sun canopy branches (marginally significant). The sun canopy showed a more pronounced drought response than the shade crown indicating that tall trees with a large sun canopy are more vulnerable to drought stress. We conclude that the extended drought prompted a number of medium- to long-term responses in the leaves, branches and the trunk, which may have reduced drought susceptibility. However, unlike a natural drought, our drought simulation experiment was carried out under conditions of high humidity, which may have dampened drought induced damages.

scholarly journals Naturally Seeded versus Planted Ponderosa Pine Seedlings in Group-Selection Openings

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. McDonald ◽  
Gary Fiddler ◽  
Martin Ritchie ◽  
Paula Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract The purpose of this article was to determine whether natural regeneration or planted seedlings should be used in group-selection openings. The answer depends on the survival and growth rate of both types of seedlings, and that could depend on the size of the openings and the effect of trees on their edge. In this side-by-side study, the natural pine seedlings originated from the 1988 seed crop and the 1–0 nursery-grown seedlings were outplanted in spring 1989. Openings ranged from 0.01 to 0.65 ha. The plant community consisted of many species of shrubs, forbs, and grasses with manzanita having the highest density and greatest development. After 9 years, manzanita had an average density of 13,870 plants/ha, 2,050 m2/ha of foliar cover, and was 125 cm tall. From 1990 to 1997, planted ponderosa pine seedlings were taller (P < 0.05) than natural seedlings, and from 1995 to 1997, mean stem diameter at 30 cm of planted seedlings was larger than natural counterparts (P < 0.05). Development for 1 year in the nursery apparently gave the planted seedlings a growth advantage over the natural seedlings. For natural seedlings, distance from opening edge had little effect on pine height or diameter growth regardless of opening size. Planted seedlings, however, appeared to increase in height and diameter growth with both opening size and distance from edge.

Differential responsiveness in stem height and diameter growth of two Ficus tree species in the Three Gorges reservoir region of China as affected by branch removal

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1748-1754
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhang ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
Zhangcheng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir Region ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

In the Three Gorges reservoir region of China, Ficus microcarpa L. and Ficus virens Ait. var. sublanceolata (Miq.) Corner (Moraceae) are widely used in greening and ecological restoration following construction, including roads, railways, towns, etc. Branch cuttings are used for cultivating saplings of these trees. We conducted a 4 year experiment that included four branch-removal intensities to evaluate the influence of branch removal on stem height and diameter growth of these Ficus spp. It was found that branch removal did not affect the stem height growth of either F. microcarpa or F. virens, but decreased the growth of their stem basal diameters. The reduction in growth of stem basal diameter was intensified with branch removal. As expected, branch removal decreased the tapering of whole tree stems, but this effect was mainly due to the alteration of the shape of the bare stem part, and the shape of the stem part within the intact upper crown was not affected by the treatment. The data clearly showed that stem height growth was less sensitive than stem diameter growth to branch removal, and that the response of stem diameter growth to branch removal differed between bare and intact stem parts.

scholarly journals Growth diversity, heritability, and genetic correlation of 4-years-old of Alstonia angustiloba progeny test in Wonogiri, Central Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
Mashudi ◽  
D Setiadi ◽  
S Pudjiono ◽  
M Susanto ◽  
L Baskorowati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Stem Diameter Growth

Abstract Alstonia angustiloba is a local tree species that have potential for community forest plantation; therefore, it is important to provide improved seeds. This study aimed to determine the diversity of growth, estimate the value of heritability, and the genetic correlation of the 4-years-old A. angustiloba progeny test. Randomized Completely Block Design with two factors (population and family) were used in this study. In this study, families are nested in the population. The population factors consisted of 4 levels, and family factors consisted of 43 families. The analysis of variance showed that height and stem diameter growth were significantly different between populations and families at four years old. The best height and stem diameter growth at the population level was obtained from the Pendopo population, 4.45 m and 7.71 cm, respectively. At the family level, the best height growth was obtained from 9 families (4.46-5.06 m), and the best stem diameter growth was obtained from 11 families (7.48-8.72 cm). The estimated individual heritability value for height was 0.41, and stem diameter was 0.23. Estimated family heritability values were 0.66 for height and 0.50 for stem diameter. The genetic correlation between height and stem diameter was 0.97.

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