scholarly journals Violencia conyugal y víctimas de la guerra: la valenciana Beatriz Martí y la troyana Andrómaca de Eurípides

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Anastasia Terzopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Marital Violence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

Resumen: En este trabajo se desarrolla el tema de la violencia de la mujer en la Antigua Grecia y en la Corona de Aragón a finales de la Edad Media. Concretamente, los casos que se analizan tienen que ver, por una parte, con la violencia cometida contra la princesa de Troya, Andrómaca, la cual tras el saqueo y la caída de su patria se ha convertido en una cautiva de guerra, en una concubina de la familia que mató a su esposo e hijo; y, por la otra, con la violencia marital de la valenciana Beatriz Martí. Ambas mujeres, a pesar de los siglos que les separan, sufren injusticias y dolor, pero, también cuentan con una persona que les presta su ayuda y protección: en el caso de Andrómaca es Peleo, el abuelo de su actual amo; y, en el caso de Beatriz, la reina María de Aragón. Palabras clave: mujer, violencia, protección, maltrato, defensa Abstract: This paper develops the issue of violence against women in Ancient Greece and in the Crown of Aragon in the Late Middle Ages. Specifically, the cases analyzed have to do, on the one hand, with the violence committed against the Princess of Troy, Andromache, who, after the looting and fall of her homeland, has become a war captive, a concubine of the family that killed her husband and son; and, on the other, the case of the marital violence of the Valencian Beatriz Martí. Both women, despite the centuries that separate them, suffer injustices and pain, but they also have a person who helps and protects them: in the case of Andromache it is Peleus, the grandfather of its current owner; and, in the case of Beatriz, Queen Maria of Aragon.Keywords: woman, violence, protection, abuse, defense

The Devil Wears White: Teutonic Knights and the Problem of Evil in Polish Historiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Adam Kożuchowski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Imagination ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
The One ◽  
The Devil ◽  
Teutonic Knights

This paper addresses the intersection of moral condemnation, national antagonism, and civilizational critique in the images of the Teutonic Order as presented in Polish historical discourse since the early nineteenth century, with references to their medieval and early modern origins. For more than 150 years, the Order played the role of the archenemy in the historical imagination of Poles. This image is typically considered an element of the anti-German sentiment, fueled by modern nationalism. In this paper I argue that the scale and nature of the demonization of the Teutonic Knights in Polish historiography is more complex, and should be interpreted in the contexts of pre-modern religious rhetoric on the one hand, and the critique of Western civilization from a peripheral or semi-colonial point of view on the other. The durability and flexibility of the black legend of the Order, born in the late Middle Ages, and adapted by Romantic, modern nationalist, and communist historians, makes it a unique phenomenon, surpassing the framework of modern nationalism. It is the modern anti-German stereotype that owes much to this legend, rather than the other way around.

scholarly journals Die Illusion der ›einfachen Form‹

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-404
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude ◽  
The One

Abstract Saints’ lives occupy a fluctuating position between cult and art which challenges their claim to be a devout and unpretentious ‘simple form’. The following contribution traces the interplay in the genre between scepticism toward rhetoric on the one hand and fascination with it on the other. The greater the importance that attaches to a surplus of rhetoric and narration, the more contradictory the narrative order mandated by the genre becomes, and the more testing the conditions under which saints’ lives are narrated. The specific interference of religious and literary modes of speaking is illustrated from examples of narrative saints’ lives from the late middle ages. What tensions does the genre’s ambivalent attitude to rhetoric give rise to when telling stories about saints through the act of narratively transforming the miraculous?

Christine de Pizan, The Book of the Cyte of Ladyes, trans. by Brian Anslay, ed. by Hope Johnston. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 457. Tempe, AZ: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2014, lxiv, 622 pp., 10 b/w ill.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 431-431
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Christine De Pizan ◽  
The Other ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Renaissance Studies ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

On the one hand, this new edition, or rather translation, of Christine de Pizan’s The Book of the City of Ladies (1405) certainly deserves to be reviewed in Mediaevistik because Christine still falls squarely into the late Middle Ages. On the other, the publication date of this translation, 1521, places it certainly outside of that period. However, a translation is always an important mirror of the reception history, which proves to be particularly rich in Christine’s case. Brian Anslay’s English translation was the first and only one to appear in print (by Henry Pepwell), at least before the twentieth century. However, we know of twenty-seven surviving manuscripts, whereas there are only five copies of Anslay’s printed work available. It is worth noting that the issues addressed here by Christine, helping women to find their own realm and identity, was apparently of significance also for her male audience since Anslay was sponsored by Richard Grey, third earl of Kent.

The Phenomenon of Dynasties of Jewish Doctors in the Mamluk Period (1250–1517)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Amir Mazor ◽  
Efraim Lev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Origin ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Stark Contrast ◽  
Mamluk Period ◽  
The One

Abstract This article discusses the phenomenon of dynasties of Jewish physicians in the Late Middle Ages in Egypt and Syria. Based on Muslim Arabic historiographical literature on the one hand, and Jewish sources such as Genizah documents on the other, this paper reconstructs fourteen dynasties of Jewish physicians that were active in the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517). Examination of the families reveals that the most distinguished dynasties of court physicians were of Jewish origin, and had to convert to Islam during the Mamluk period. Moreover, the office of the “Head of the Physicians” was occupied mainly by members of these convert Jewish dynasties. This situation stands in stark contrast to the pre-Mamluk period, in which dynasties of unconverted Jewish court physicians flourished. However, Jewish sources reveal that dynasties of doctors who were also communal leaders continued to be active also during the Mamluk period.

Pastoral Power and Algorithmic Governmentality

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Pastoral Power ◽  
Christian Thought ◽  
The One

This paper contributes to inquiries into the genealogy of governmentality and the nature of secularization by arguing that pastoralism continues to operate in the algorithmic register. Drawing on Agamben’s notion of signature, I elucidate a pair of historically distant yet archaeologically proximate affinities: the first between the pastorate and algorithmic control, and the second between the absconded God of late medieval nominalism and the authority of algorithms in the cybernetic age. I support my hypothesis by attending to the signaturial kinships between, on the one hand, temporality and authority in our contemporary conjuncture, and, on the other, obedience and submission in Christian thought from late antiquity and the late Middle Ages. I thereby illustrate the hidden genealogical continuities between theological-pastoral technologies of power and technocratic-algorithmic modalities of governance. I conclude by suggesting that medieval counter-conducts may be redeployed in our present circumstances for emancipatory ends.

scholarly journals Artistic Genius versus the Hanse Canon from the Late Middle Ages to the Early Modern Age in Tallinn

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 59-80
Author(s):  
Juhan Maiste
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Together ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

In the article, the author examines one of the most outstanding andproblematic periods in the art history of Tallinn as a Hanseatic city,which originated, on the one hand, in the Hanseatic tradition andthe medieval approach to Gothic transcendental realism, and onthe other, in the approach typical of the new art cities of Flanders,i.e. to see a reflection of the new illusory reality in the pictures. Acloser examination is made of two works of art imported to Tallinnin the late 15th century, i.e. the high altar in the Church of the HolySpirit by Bernt Notke and the altarpiece of Holy Mary, whichwas originally commissioned by the Brotherhood of Blackheadsfor the Dominican Monastery and is now in St Nicholas’ Church.Despite the differences in the iconography and style of the twoworks, their links to tradition and artistic geography, which in thisarticle are conditionally defined as the Hanse canon, are apparentin both of them.The methods and rules for classifying the transition from theMiddle Ages to the Modern Era were not critical nor exclusive.Rather they included a wide range of phenomena on the outskirtsof the major art centres starting from the clients and ending with the semantic significance of the picture, and the attributes that wereemployed to the individual experiences of the different masters,who were working together in the large workshops of Lübeck, andsomewhat later, in Bruges and Brussels.When ‘reading’ the Blackheads’ altar, a question arises of threedifferent styles, all of them were united by tradition and the waythat altars were produced in the large workshops for the extensiveart market that stretched from one end of the continent to the other,and even further from Lima to Narva. Under the supervision ofthe leading master and entrepreneur (Hans Memling?) two othermasters were working side by side in Bruges – Michel Sittow, whowas born in Tallinn, and the Master of the Legend of Saint Lucywere responsible for executing the task.In this article, the author has highlighted new points of reference,which on the one hand explain the complex issues of attributionof the Tallinn Blackheads’ altar, and on the other hand, placethe greatest opus in the Baltics in a broader context, where, inaddition to aesthetic ambitions, both the client and the workshopthat completed the order, played an extensive role. In this way,identifying a specific artist from among the others would usuallyremain a matter of discussion. Tallinn was a port and a wealthycommercial city at the foregates of the East where it took decadesfor the spirit of the Renaissance to penetrate and be assimilated.Instead of an unobstructed view we are offered uncertain andoften mixed values based on what we perceive through the veil ofsemantic research.

scholarly journals Messen ohne Maß? Nicolaus Cusanus und das Kriterium menschlicher Erkenntnis

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-108
Author(s):  
Christian Kny
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Images Of God ◽  
Epistemological Problem ◽  
Nicholas Of Cusa ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractIn the late Middle Ages, Nicholas of Cusa renders human cognition as creative, asymptotic assimilation—humans creatively approach their objects of cognition without ever fully reaching them. Questions about measuring are an important part of Nicholas’ model of cognition in two regards: On the one hand, he explicitly calls human cognition a ‘measuring’ (mensurare), moving the concept into the centre of attention. On the other hand, measuring in the sense of evaluating epistemic activities is an issue for Nicholas. He describes humans as living images of god who ‘enfold’ (complicare) the ideas of all things within themselves in a specific way. They measure, i. e. judge, their epistemic activities looking at what they enfold. However, Nicholas provides little information about what exactly that means. He is thus threatened with a serious epistemological problem: the lack of a satisfying criterion of epistemic activities. In my paper, I discuss options of how to deal with this problem. After briefly describing (1) Nicholas’ notion of human cognition and (2) what he has on offer regarding a criterion of epistemic activities, I (3) try to clarify what ‘enfolding the ideas of all things’ can mean. Presenting and discussing two plausible interpretations of this expression—a static and a dynamic one—sheds light on possible answers Nicholas can give as well as the limitations these answers are confronted with.

Claire Taylor Jones, Ruling the Spirit: Women, Liturgy, and Dominican Reform in Late Medieval Germany. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018, pp. viii, 224.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-432
Author(s):  
Albrecht Classen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Germany ◽  
The One ◽  
Late Medieval Germany ◽  
Careful Assessment

The interaction between mystically inspired beguines and nuns on the one hand and the friars as their confessors, on the other, that is, the male authorities in the late Middle Ages, certainly requires careful assessment because many different factors come into play here. In her monograph, Claire Taylor Jones pursues a host of different aspects pertaining to this complex issue in order to gain a grasp of those female writers particularly in the female Dominican monasteries in the Southwest of Germany and their male colleagues, or spiritual confessors, especially Heinrich Seuse and Johannes Tauler. She draws heavily from the Nuremberg Dominican convent of St. Katherine’s library (15th century), but this actually depends on the various chapters included here. It becomes very clear, however, that the notion of women’s lack of Latin needs to be reviewed carefully considering that that library contained ca. 726 manuscripts, of which 161 were in Latin.

scholarly journals Norma y conflicto en la navegación castellana bajomedieval = Norms and Conflict in Castilian Navigation during the Late Middle Ages

2018 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Eduardo Aznar Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The One

Este artículo es continuación del dedicado a las contiendas  ligadas a los daños producidos por la naturaleza o por la mano del hombre en las embarcaciones del Reino. La nueva entrega analiza las controversias nacidas de las relaciones humanas en el ámbito marítimo. Abarcan éstas las obligaciones establecidas entre patrones y maestres con sus tripulantes; las anudadas entre transportistas y cargadores; y las que ponían en relación a  mercaderes y transportistas con sus financieros. Consideraremos en primer lugar las pautas a aplicar, sean estas normativas o contractuales, para pasar luego a la contravención de las mismas y su resolución.This article is the continuation of a previous one dedicated to the study of disputes concerning damage produced by nature or caused by human agency in the ships of the kingdom of Castile. This article analyzes the controversy derived from human relations in the maritime sector. These include the obligations between captains and masters with their crew; those established between carriers and shippers; and those between merchants and carriers on the one hand and their financiers on the other. We will first consider the guidelines to be applied, be they normative or contractual, and later analyze their infringement and their resolution.

scholarly journals primeras Cortes Generales de Monzón de 1289, unas Cortes mal entendidas

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
Vicent Baydal Sala
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
James I ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The One

Tradicionalmente la historiografía ha considerado que las Cortes de Monzón de 1289 fueron las primeras Generales de la Corona de Aragón y que las ordenaciones allí aprobadas afectaron de manera común cuando menos a catalanes y aragoneses. En el presente artículo se presentan dos novedades con respecto a dicha interpretación. Por un lado, indicamos que con anterioridad, ya en época de Jaime I, hubo otras asambleas en que se congregaron miembros de los estamentos aragoneses, valencianos, catalanes y mallorquines, aunque ciertamente estas no poseían las características que posteriormente definieron las Cortes Generales de la Corona de Aragón. Por otro lado, mostramos que las constituciones aprobadas en Monzón en 1289 únicamente afectaron a Cataluña y Mallorca, mientras que las negociaciones político-fiscales con las comunidades de Aragón y Valencia se pospusieron para dos Cortes privativas posteriores, en Zaragoza y Valencia a lo largo de 1290. Palabras clave: Parlamentarismo, Corona de Aragón, Alfonso el Liberal, Unión, Monzón. Abstract: Historiography has traditionally considered that the Corts in Monzón in 1289 were the first General Corts of the Crown of Aragon and that the ordinances approved there commonly affected at least Catalans and Aragonese. In this article two novelties are presented regarding this interpretation. On the one hand, we indicate that previously, at the time of James I, there were other assemblies in which members of the Aragonese, Valencian, Catalan and Mallorcan estates gathered, although these meetings certainly did not possess the characteristics that later defined the General Corts of the Crown of Aragon. On the other hand, we show that the constitutions approved in Monzón in 1289 only affected Catalonia and Mallorca, while the political and fiscal negotiations with the communities of Aragon and Valencia were postponed for two subsequent privative Corts, in Zaragoza and Valencia throughout of 1290. Keywords: Parlamentarism, Crown of Aragon, Alfonso the Liberal, Union, Monzón.

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