scholarly journals La vida imaginaria del científico. El caso del cómic ‘Los Proyectos Manhattan’

Author(s):  
Francisco Sáez de Adana Herrero

This article analyses the Manhattan Project comic-book series, which recounts an alternative ending to the Second World War, where the Manhattan Project hides another mission more closely related to science fiction. Here we discuss how the concept of the so-called «imaginary life», a term coined by Marcel Schwob, has been applied to the history of science in the twentieth century.

Author(s):  
Carlo Ghezzi

The history of Computer Science and Engineering (Informatics) began internationally after the Second World War. In the last decade of the twentieth century it bacame one of the disciplines with highest impact on economy, industry, and society. The development of Informatics at Politecnico started when the first computer was brought to Italy from the USA by Prof. Luigi Dadda and the first experiments and investigations were launched. Since then Informatics has been continuously growing until today it became the engine of modern society, often called the Information Society. This paper reports on the main developments of Informatics at Politecnico and the main contributions achieved nationally and internationally in education and research.


2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-518
Author(s):  
Bianca Gaudenzi ◽  
Astrid Swenson

Introducing the Journal of Contemporary History Special Issue ‘The Restitution of Looted Art in the 20th Century’, this article proposes a framework for writing the history of looting and restitution in transnational and global perspective. By comparing and contextualizing instances of looting and restitution in different geographical and temporal contexts, it aims to overcome existing historiographical fragmentations and move past the overwhelming focus on the specificities of Nazi looting through an extended timeframe that inserts the Second World War into a longer perspective from the nineteenth century up to present day restitution practices. Particular emphasis is put on the interlinked histories of denazification and decolonization. Problematizing existing analytical, chronological and geographical frameworks, the article suggests how a combination of comparative, entangled and global history approaches can open up promising new avenues of research. It draws out similarities, differences and connections between processes of looting and restitution in order to discuss the extent to which looting and restitution were shaped by – and shaped – changing global networks.


Itinerario ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
H.L. Wesseling

Is history science or art? This is a problem which has been on people's minds for more than a century and certainly it is an interesting question. But within the framework of this contribution it is not really important, for, whether one practises art history or history of science, one faces the same problem. On the one hand such a history is first and foremost a history of the work and achievements of individuals. A history of science which does not deal with the work of Copernicus, Newton and Einstein is as useless as a history of art in which Rembrandt, Rubens and Michelangelo do not figure. Art and history are and will remain foremost the work of individuals of genius. On the other hand it is also true that a history of art or science which confines itself exclusively to a series of sketches of individuals and their work is not satisfactory either. Artists and scientists do not work within a vacuum. As one discerns tendencies and trends in art, likewise within the field of science one finds schools and paradigms. In order to understand works of art and science we have to look closely at influences and examples, at the time-spirit, the spiritual climate, et cetera.


Scott Lithgow ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Lewis Johnman ◽  
Hugh Murphy

This initial chapter outlines the founding of the Scotts Shipyard of Greenock in 1711, and follows the history of the company through to the end of the Second World War. It documents the company’s major accomplishments, business developments, finances, ownerships, and technical developments throughout the period before the postwar expansion. Events considered include the 1794 construction of the timber vessel, Caledonia, the largest Scottish vessel of the period; an association with the Admiralty; links with Liverpool shipyards; trade links with China and Hong Kong; the quick transition to steam technology; naval contracts; the twentieth century increase in naval demand; and secretive membership in the ‘Warship Group’ of private shipbuilders - a ring that aimed to protect prices from competition. The chapter concludes in 1945, noting that though the forward-thinking Scotts took advantage of wartime inflation and a boom in ship prices for financial stability, no one could predict the size of the postwar maritime expansion that would follow.


2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-585
Author(s):  
Gábor Győrffy ◽  
Zoltán Tibori-Szabó ◽  
Júlia-Réka Vallasek

Sabbatarians were the only proselyte religious community that had an official institutional form in nineteenth-century Europe. This study aims to present the history and gradual disintegration of the Sabbatarian community and their acceptance of a common fate with Transylvanian Jewry during the Second World War. This is realized by, first, outlining the historical context of the formation of Sabbatarianism; second, by describing the social and political circumstances of Transylvanian Jews in the first half of the twentieth century; and third, by giving a detailed presentation of the 1944 deportations and other related events.


Author(s):  
Tamara Nikolchenko ◽  
◽  
Maria Nikolchenko ◽  

The article covers the complex processes of folk art during the Second World War, in particular slave poetry. In times of war, the creation of folk poetry is intensified, which is caused by the need to respond to events, to record them, above all, in memory. These song responses to events take place on the material of "old" samples of poetry that are already known. And «innovations» are used by participants of events and are saturated with new realities. Such is the folk song of the period of fascist captivity during the Second World War. The genesis of the poetry of captivity of the studied period can be traced on a large factual material, it is proved that genetically slave poetry of the period of the Second World War is connected with the cries of slaves and has its roots in the long history of Ukraine. These motives are still heard in the old Cossack thoughts, in which the lamentation gradually turns into a lyrical song. And during the war troubles of the twentieth century, these songs became relevant and sounded in a modern way. The article analyzes recordings of songs that reflect the grief of young girls taken to forced labor in Germany, the suffering of mothers who lose their children. Most of the analyzed works are stored in the funds of the IMFE of Ukraine, as well as in the own records of the authors of the article. The folklore of captivity, according to the authors of the article, fully reflects the deep universal feelings. It is the basis of artistic culture, because the socio-pragmatic world is conditioned by spiritual ideas about its integrity and ideals. The folklore of captivity, according to the authors of the article, fully reflects the deep universal feelings. It is the basis of artistic culture, because the socio-pragmatic world is conditioned by spiritual ideas about its integrity and ideals.


Author(s):  
Jared S. Buss

Chapter 5 continues the narrative by charting Ley’s role as a weapons expert and journalist during the Second World War. This chapter puts forth a more complex argument surrounding the role of science writers and their perception of a totalitarian menace that fostered irrationalism, authoritarian obedience to a state-issued truth, and cultist deference to pseudoscience. The science writers engaged in a public campaign to save hearts and minds by associating scientific thinking with democratic freedom. They waged a war against totalitarianism, as they simultaneously used the history of science to glorify the anti-authoritarian truth-seekers of the past.


2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-683
Author(s):  
Harald Fischer-Tiné

This article reconstructs the history of the Indian YMCA's Orientalist knowledge production in an attempt to capture a significant, if forgotten, transitional moment in the production and dissemination of scholarship on the religions and cultures of the Indian subcontinent. The YMCA's three Orientalist book series examined here flourished from the 1910s to the 1930s and represent a kind of third-stream approach to the study of South Asia. Inspired by the Christian fulfillment theory, “Y Orientalism” was at pains to differentiate itself from older polemical missionary writings. It also distanced itself from the popular “spiritual Orientalism” advocated by the Theosophical Society and from the philologically inclined “academic Orientalism” pursued in the Sanskrit departments of Western universities. The interest of the series’ authors in the region's present and the multifarious facets of its “little traditions,” living languages, arts, and cultures, as well as their privileging of knowledge that was generated “in the field” rather than in distant Western libraries, was unusual. Arguably, it anticipated important elements of the “area studies” approach to the Indian subcontinent that became dominant in Anglophone academia after the Second World War.


Author(s):  
Margo de Koster ◽  
Herbert Reinke

This essay seeks to broaden the discussion of the policing of minorities to situate it within its longer history of the policing of migrants. Since theancien régime, the explicit endeavor to control migrants has been a major driving force behind the development of modern policing and the professionalization of police practices. This essay charts how, from the sixteenth century onward, the movements of migrants and traveling groups were increasingly controlled through vagrancy regulation, poor laws, and the creation of specialized policing agencies and techniques. It also considers the realities of policing and repression of vagrancy in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe, showing how the intensity of repression varied considerably. Finally, the essay discusses minority policing and the recruitment of minorities into the police during the post–Second World War period.


Author(s):  
Kirsten Leng

The Conclusion accounts for the fate of the women whose ideas are examined in this book, and takes stock of the legacies of their sexological work. It further lays out the benefits of pursuing a larger twentieth century history of women’s sexological work, one that is international in its scope and grapples with the rupture in female sexual knowledge production affected by the Second World War and its geopolitical realignments, the reshuffling of the ideological landscapes after 1945, and the rise of new social movements in the 1960s. Finally, the Conclusion argues that the history of women’s sexological work is especially significant at this particular moment in time, as twenty-first century feminist theorists positively embrace science and nature as intellectual and rhetorical resources once again.


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