scholarly journals L’innovation et le modèle du commerce néo-technologique dans l’espace des caractéristiques de Lancaster

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359
Author(s):  
Petr Hanel
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
New Product ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Efficient Consumption

Lancaster's case of innovation in consumption technology is formalized and extended to include beside of the criterion of efficient consumption also the criterion of efficient production. The two criteria has to be met before an invention can be commercialized economically. Trade provoked by an innovation in consumption technology—a new product—is analyzed on a simple numerical example. Necessary conditions and some welfare implications of the neo-technology trade are presented. The approach is sufficiently general to encompass trade based on cost reducing innovation as well as existing trade models as special cases.

Analysis of Five-Degree-of-Freedom Robot Arms

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sugimoto ◽  
J. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Screw Theory ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Robot Arms ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Five Axes

Many kinds of robot arms with five degrees of freedom are widely used in industry for arc welding, spray painting, assembling etc. It is necessary to be able to compute joint displacements when such devices are computer controlled. A solution to this problem is presented and the analysis is illustrated by a numerical example using the most common industrial robot with five axes. Further, special cases are discussed using screw theory.

Optimal allocation of relevations in coherent systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1152-1169
Author(s):  
Rongfang Yan ◽  
Jiandong Zhang ◽  
Yiying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Stochastic Order ◽  
Coherent Systems ◽  
Stochastic Comparisons ◽  
Hazard Rate Order ◽  
Usual Stochastic Order ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Allocation Strategies

AbstractIn this paper we study the allocation problem of relevations in coherent systems. The optimal allocation strategies are obtained by implementing stochastic comparisons of different policies according to the usual stochastic order and the hazard rate order. As special cases of relevations, the load-sharing and minimal repair policies are further investigated. Sufficient (and necessary) conditions are established for various stochastic orderings. Numerical examples are also presented as illustrations.

Singular Conditions and Solutions of the Standard Triad Displacement Equation

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuen-Sen Lin ◽  
A. G. Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Displacement Equation ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Angular Displacements

In the dimensional synthesis of a standard planar triad, if the prescribed angular displacements of two of the three links are the same at all precision positions or the prescribed angular displacements of one link are zero at all precision positions, the standard triad displacement equation will not yield a practical solution: a triad having all links with finite lengths. The displacement equation may also fail to generate a practical solution triad in case that the freely chosen angular displacement of one link equals to zero, or equals to the prescribed angular displacement of another link at the same precision position. In this paper, the special cases in the dimensional synthesis of a standard triad are discussed in detail, the types of triads which can generate the motions corresponding to the special cases are listed, and the solution methods to solve the displacement equations of the special types of triads are developed. Finally a numerical example is given to show the application of one of the special types of triad in the dimensional synthesis of an eight-bar linkage.

scholarly journals New Product Development, Implementing Agility through innovation and technology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Whistance-Smith ◽  
Mohamed Salama
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
New Product ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Main Components

New product development is an integral part of the project management practice. However, product design and process design have been, historically, two of the main components of the operations management theory. Operations management is the task of creating value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs. More specifically, the techniques to create value are universal in scope and can be applied to any form of enterprise whether service-oriented or manufacturing-based. It is this operations transformation model that creates the possibility for enterprise success. The efficient production of goods and services requires an effective application of the transformative process, and it is in this transformation that value is created. Value supports the possibility for enterprise viability, and without such, there is little opportunity for sustained financial feasibility – this is particularly so in the ever-increasing competitive landscape of today’s worldwide economic system. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of product and service development, in the context of sustainable competitive advantage, in the era of digital transformation.

scholarly journals Modeling of thermal stresses during hardening the product surface by thermal pulse

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 815-824
Author(s):  
M. V. Temlyantsev ◽  
O. L. Bazaikina ◽  
E. N. Temlyantseva ◽  
V. Ya. Tsellermaer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Tensor ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Heaviside Function ◽  
Radial Coordinate ◽  
Single Wave ◽  
Temperature Pulse ◽  
Functional Series ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Special Cases

A particular solution of a linear variant of the dynamic thermal elasticity problem is considered in application to modeling the conditions of surface hardening of metal products by an energy pulse. The authors determined the equation of medium motion with the model of temperature pulse tested earlier for compatibility with special cases of the equations of parabolic and hyperbolic thermal conductivity. The problem of loading a flat plane of a short circular cylinder (disk) with a temperature pulse is presented. Pulse is a consequence of adopted structure of the volumetric power density of the heat flux, the time multiplier of which has the form of a single wave of the Heaviside function. Classical thermoelastic displacement potential and the method of its division into the product of independent variables functions were used to construct the thermal stress tensor. Differential equations for multiplier functions and their general solutions were found. Natural boundary conditions were set for the components of thermal stress tensor, and their tasks were solved. The obtained solutions are in the form of segments of functional series (the Bessel function in radial coordinate and the exponential function in axial coordinate). The article considers a numerical example of loading a disk made of 40KhN steel which has the mechanical properties sensitive to temperature treatment. Maple computer mathematics package was used in the calculations. Approximate solutions take into account the first 24 terms of the functional series. Estimation of the example makes it possible to explain the presence of stress peaks and stress intensity as a consequence of mutually inverse processes of temperature stress growth and reduction of elasticity coefficients with temperature rise. The numerical example warns against relying only on estimates of solutions to thermoelasticity problems without taking into account the plastic and viscous properties of the material.

scholarly journals Injectivity of linear combinations in $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Marko Kostadinov
Keyword(s):  
Linear Combination ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Linear Combinations ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The aim of this paper is to provide sufficient and necessary conditions under which the linear combination $\alpha A + \beta B$, for given operators $A,B \in {\cal B}({\cal H})$ and $\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb{C}\setminus \lbrace 0 \rbrace$, is injective. Using these results, necessary and sufficient conditions for left (right) invertibility are given. Some special cases will be studied as well.

Embedding properties of weighted Besov-type spaces

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 507-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yuan ◽  
Dorothee D. Haroske ◽  
Leszek Skrzypczak ◽  
Dachun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Besov Spaces ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Muckenhoupt Weight ◽  
Exponential Weights ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Type Spaces ◽  
Sufficient And Necessary Conditions ◽  
Weighted Besov Spaces ◽  
Dyadic Cubes ◽  
Besov Type Spaces

In this paper, we consider the embeddings of weighted Besov spaces [Formula: see text] into Besov-type spaces [Formula: see text] with w being a (local) Muckenhoupt weight, and give sufficient and necessary conditions on the continuity and the compactness of these embeddings. As special cases, we characterize the continuity and the compactness of embeddings in case of some polynomial or exponential weights. The proofs of these conclusions strongly depend on the geometric properties of dyadic cubes.

scholarly journals Retailer’s lot-sizing policy under two warehouses and two levels of delay permitted using algebraic method

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Fu Huang ◽  
Chih-Sung Lai
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Algebraic Approach ◽  
Algebraic Method ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
S Model

The main purpose of this paper is to modify Huang?s model [13] by considering two warehouses. In addition, we try to use algebraic method to determine the optimal lot-sizing policy for the retailer under two warehouses and two levels of delay permitted. This paper provides this algebraic approach that could be used easily to introduce the basic inventory theories to younger students who lack the knowledge of calculus. Furthermore, we develop three easy-to-use theorems to efficiently determine the optimal cycle time and optimal lot sizing for the retailer. As a result, we deduce some previously published results of other researchers as special cases. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate these theorems obtained in this paper. In addition, we obtain a lot of managerial insights from this numerical example.

Predicting Behavior from Intention-to-Buy Measures: The Parametric Case

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert C. Bemmaor
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Probabilistic Model ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Business Markets ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Parametric Case

The author develops a probabilistic model that converts stated purchase intents into purchase probabilities. The model allows heterogeneity between nonintenders and intenders with respect to their probability to switch to a new “true” purchase intent after the survey, thereby capturing the typical discrepancy between overall mean purchase intent and subsequent proportion of buyers (bias). When the probability to switch of intenders is larger (smaller) than that of nonintenders, the overall mean purchase intent overestimates (underestimates) the proportion of buyers. As special cases, the author derives upper and lower bounds on proportions of buyers from purchase intents data and shows the consistency of those bounds with observed behavior, except in predictable cases such as new products and business markets. However, a straightforward modification of the model deals with new product purchase forecasts.

A Method for Adjustable Planar and Spherical Four-Bar Linkage Synthesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyang Hong ◽  
Arthur G. Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Spherical Form ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Position Synthesis ◽  
Four Bar Linkage ◽  
Linkage Synthesis

This paper describes a new method to synthesize adjustable four-bar linkages, both in planar and spherical form. This method uses fixed ground pivots and an adjustable length for input and output links. A new application of Burmester curves for adjustable linkages is introduced, and a numerical example is discussed. This paper also compares a conventional synthesis method (nonadjustable linkage) to the new method. Nonadjustable four-bar linkages provide limited solutions for five-position synthesis. Adjustable linkages generate one infinity of solution choices. This paper also shows that the nonadjustable solutions are special cases of adjustable solutions. This new method can be extended to six position synthesis, with adjustable ground pivots locations.

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