Un exposé de la théorie du déséquilibre

Raymond Théoret

doi:10.7202/800783ar

Un exposé de la théorie du déséquilibre

L Actualité économique ◽

10.7202/800783ar ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 384-401

Author(s):

Raymond Théoret

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Perfect Competition ◽

Neoclassical Economist ◽

Ideal State

This paper reviews the principal theories on disequilibrium, from Walras to Barro and Grossman. There is a certain tendency in most of these theories to consider equilibrium and disequilibrium as independent phenomenons: at the end of a disequilibrium period, equilibrium in the neoclassical sense reappears, i.e. a paretian optimum. Disequilibrium is at most an adjustment period. But Glower is opposed to this methodology. Equilibrium periods are very influenced by preceding disequilibrium periods. For example, Clower considers unemployment as a situation of equilibrium. This is a nonsense for a neoclassical economist for whom equilibrium is an ideal state. Clower attacks veritably the traditional economic analysis which attributes to the equilibrium of perfect competition certain ideal properties. Finally, we emphasize that the theory of disequilibrium may arrive to explain stagflation.

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The Notion of Entropy in an Economic Analysis: the Classical Examples and New Perspectives

Journal of Heterodox Economics ◽

10.1515/jheec-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Liudmyla Yu. Vozna

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Maximum Entropy ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Competition Model ◽

Point Of View ◽

Competitive Market ◽

Perfect Competition ◽

Market Structures ◽

System A ◽

Empirical Point

Abstract This article deals with the notion of entropy in its applicability to economics. Briefly, it regards some classical cases of such a use as the labour concept of Podolinsky and the bioeconomics of Georgescu-Roegen. This article also attempts to apply the concept of entropy to the analysis of market structures in the example of the perfect competition model. Thus, the article asserts that if we compare different entropy concepts with the main characteristics of a market with perfect competition, we must conclude that the latter is a structure with the maximum level of entropy. But maximum entropy means the system’s death. So, as a system, a perfectly competitive market cannot exist. Despite economists recognise the unreality of such a market from an empirical point of view, the application of the entropy concept helps us to repeat this approval also as a methodological one. The use of the entropy concept as a methodological instrument helps to question some other economic models, too.

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The concept of perfect competition as the law of economics: addressing the homonymy problem

Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly ◽

10.53386/nilq.v62i4.434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 523-538

Author(s):

Oles Andriychuk

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Rapid Expansion ◽

Perfect Competition ◽

Normative Claim ◽

Economic Relations ◽

The Social ◽

Economic Reasoning ◽

Societal Problems

The rapid expansion of economic analysis is visible in many areas of law. In some of them – in antitrust in particular – economic reasoning is already perceived as the dominant discourse. This article is an attempt to contemplate a reverse analysis. Instead of addressing the legal domain from the perspective of economics, it tries to explore the economic discipline through the lens of a lawyer. The analysis is directed at one of the main principles of neoclassical economics – the concept of perfect competition: partly to explore its constitutive role in economic reasoning, but also in order to articulate the misconception with which some economists approach legal regulation of economic relations. It attempts to explain why economic analysis is bound to address broader societal problems in a purely pragmatic way, quantifying the whole spectrum of societal values, reducing them to the common economic denominator of efficiency. This feature of economics is embedded in its epistemology and should not be perceived as its normative claim. In other words, the fact that welfare economics reduces the social interests to cost–benefit calculus does not automatically characterise it as being irresponsive to the social embeddedness problem.

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