scholarly journals Effects of aldicarb and fungicides on Pratylenchus penetrans populations, root rot and net blotch severity on barley

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
H.W. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Seed Application ◽  
Crown Roots ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Population levels of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, which produces necrotic lesions in the root cortex, were recorded in barley (Hordeum vulgare) in experimental plots during 1988, 1989, and 1990. Root lesion nematodes were the onlyendoparasitic nematodes recovered from barley roots and were the dominant nematode group found in the soil. Based on 3-yr averages, root rot ratings, caused primarily by Cochliobolussativusand Fusarium spp., increased from 27% at Zadoks Growth Stage (ZGS) 30-32 in July to 73 % at ZGS 70-72 in late August and early September. Net blotch (incited by Pyrenophora teres) was suppressed by a fungicide treatment consisting of a seed application of carbathiin and thiram, and a foliar application of propiconazole. Aldicarb suppressed the populations of root lesion nematodes in the soil, in the total root System, and in crown and seminal roots of barley. Yields were increased by ca 30% where aldicarb and fungicides were applied as a combined treatment. Population densities of root lesion nematodes were much greater in seminal roots than in crown roots at ZGS 30-32 and 55-60. Correlation coefficients between nematodes and yield data were often negative and significant (P≤0.05). There were no consistent trends in the numerical relationships between numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots or soil, and incidences of net blotch or root rot of barley.

Growth of `Bartlett' Pear Seedlings in Response to Number of Root-lesion Nematodes and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-320
Author(s):  
J.L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The effects of temperature and root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] on the growth of newly germinated `Bartlett' pear seedlings (Pyrus communis L.) were examined. At five temperatures from 10 to 30C, P. penetrans (five per gram of soil) did not purple the leaves. After 8 weeks, leaf number, trunk height, and top and root weights were reduced only at 25C. The number of P. penetrans in the roots were greatest at 15 and 20C. At 20C, P. penetrans (16 per gram of soil) caused the leaves of seedlings to turn purple, and, by 6 weeks after treatment, the nematodes had reduced leaf production, trunk elongation, and top and root growth.

Pratylenchus penetrans and the potato early dying disease.

2021 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Ann E. MacGuidwin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Early Dying ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Early Dying Disease ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Early Dying ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Growing Region

Abstract Pratylenchus penetrans is a cosmopolitan species reported from 69 countries representing every continent except Antarctica. P. penetrans has a wide host range including potato and is found throughout the potato growing region of the northern USA. Most potato fields are infested with the fungus Verticillium dahliae as well as root lesion nematodes, and a disease interaction between the two has been demonstrated for multiple soil types, potato cultivars and production regions. The significance of the interaction between P. penetrans and V. dahliae is that it is synergistic rather than additive. This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, symptoms of damage, biology and life cycle, recommended integrated nematode management and management optimization of P. penetrans. Future research requirements are also mentioned.

Influence of aldicarb on root lesion nematodes, leaf disease and root rot in wheat and barley

1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. KIMPINSKI ◽  
H. W. JOHNSTON ◽  
R. A. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

THE EFFECT OF ORGANIC TREATMENTS AND CROP ROTATION ON SOIL POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN STRAWBERRY CULTURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Morgan ◽  
W. B. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

As a source of organic material in strawberry culture, composted timothy hay resulted in the greatest depression of soil populations of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb. 1917) Filip & Stek., 1941. In contrast, actively growing timothy sod caused the largest increase in soil nematodes.In a crop rotation, timothy also resulted in high populations of P. penetrans while beans lowered the numbers appreciably.

Pratylenchus penetrans and P. neglectus in tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Ontario

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H. A. Olthof ◽  
M. S. Wolynetz
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
Mist Chamber ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) were extracted from peels of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum 'Russet Burbank'). The average number of P. penetrans recovered over a 2-wk period in a mist chamber from four batches of tubers, stored for 3–18 wk at 7 °C in a cold room, ranged from 11 to 1925 nematodes tuber−1. An average of 374 Pratylenchus neglectus tuber−1 were recovered from the peels of potato Norchip, grown in soil containing on average 4370 nematodes kg−1 of soil at harvest, and stored for 19 wk at 7 °C. P. penetrans and P. neglectus were recovered only from the outer layer of potato tubers; none was found in the inner core. Planting halves of tubers containing an average of 1925 P. penetrans tuber−1 into nematode-free soil resulted in soil population densities of 2225 P. penetrans kg−1 of soil and root population densities of 884 nematodes root system−1 after 8 wk in the greenhouse. Although many, if not most, potato fields in southern Ontario are already infested by P. penetrans, these studies have shown that stored, infested tubers can initiate a new infestation. Key words: Peel, potato tuber, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, root-lesion nematode, Solanum tuberosum

scholarly journals Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Potter ◽  
Adam Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

POPULATION DENSITIES OF FOUR SPECIES OF ROOT-LESION NEMATODES (Pratylenchus) IN THE OAT CULTIVARS, SAIA AND OAC WOODSTOCK

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 903-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. TOWNSHEND
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The population densities of four species of root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus) were examined in two cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.) grown in greenhouse pots. The cultivar Saia harbored fewer P. neglectus and P. penetrans than the cultivar OAC Woodstock, while both cultivars were similar hosts for P. sensillatus. Pratylenchus crenatus did not develop in either cultivar.Key words: Oat, population density, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus sensillatus

ESTABLISHMENT OF A REDHAVEN PEACH ORCHARD WITH Pratylenchus penetrans-INFESTED AND NONINFESTED ROOTSTOCKS IN A FUMIGATED AND NONFUMIGATED NIAGARA SOIL

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. H. A. OLTHOF ◽  
J. W. POTTER ◽  
P. W. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
First Year ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Redhaven peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees, grafted on the rootstocks Bailey, Siberian C, or Harrow Blood, with roots free of, or infested by, root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans) were planted in fumigated or P. penetrans-infested Vineland fine sandy loam at Jordan Station, Ontario. Tree growth and soil nematode population densities were monitored for 6 yr. In general, fumigation suppressed soil populations of P. penetrans during the first 4 yr, whereas no consistent nematode control was obtained through the use of nematode-free rootstock. The rootstock Siberian C supported larger numbers of P. penetrans than the other two rootstocks throughout the experiment, whereas Bailey favored the build-up of the pin nematode (Paratylenchus projectus). Tree diameter of nematode-free rootstock was greatest in the first 3 yr only; soil fumigation alone increased growth during the first year only. Tree mortality tended to be lowest in fumigated soil planted to clean rootstocks. Harrow Blood showed the highest mortality; Siberian C the lowest. The data suggest that only nematode-free peach trees should be planted. Orchards should be fumigated if P. penetrans exceeds 800 kg−1 of soil and/or when there is a history of replant failure on a light-textured soil.Key words: Prunus persica, pin nematode, Paratylenchus projectus, replant problem, rootstocks, fumigation

scholarly journals Cover Crops Resistant to Root-lesion Nematodes in Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1195-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Vrain ◽  
Robyn DeYoung ◽  
John Hall ◽  
Stan Freyman
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Cover crops used in red raspberry plantings (Rubus idaeus L.) are often good hosts of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans Filipjev & Sch. Stekoven), a major soilborne pathogen of raspberry. The effects of two susceptible cover crops, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), planted in between rows, on nematode density and growth of raspberry plants were compared to those of three cover crops resistant to the nematode: redtop (Agrostis alba L.), creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), and `Saia' oat (Avena sativa L.). Nematode multiplication in raspberry roots and in cover crop roots was assessed over 4 years. Growth and vigor of plants were estimated at the end of the experiment by counting primocanes and determining height and biomass. Nematode multiplication was suppressed in roots of `Saia' oat, fescue, and redtop compared to barley or white clover. Nematode density in roots and rhizosphere soil of raspberry was not affected by the choice of cover crops. Nematode suppression in the three resistant cover crops did not translate into increased vigor of raspberry plants.

scholarly journals Native Sand-prairie Plants That are Poor Hosts for Pratylenchus penetrans

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 830F-830
Author(s):  
Alan W. McKeown ◽  
John W. Potter ◽  
Mary Gartshore ◽  
Peter Carson
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Schizachyrium Scoparium ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Sorghastrum Nutans ◽  
Switch Grass ◽  
Little Bluestem ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus penetrans Cobb) are well-adapted to sandy soils and have a host range including most agronomic, horticultural, and wild species grown in Ontario. As native climax sand-prairie species have coexisted with the nematode for millennia, resistance or tolerance may have developed. We have screened using the Baermann pan technique, soil samples taken from a private collection of sand-prairie species collected from local prairie remnants. Several species [Liatris cylindracea Michx., Monarda punctata L., Pycnanthemum virginianum L., Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench] proved to be excellent hosts (>500/kg of soil) of root lesion nematode, confirming the presence of this nematode in the soil. Over two seasons, we determined that 10 plant species belonging to the families Asclepiadaceae, Compositae, Graminae, and Leguminosae to support very low numbers of P. penetrans. Brown-eyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.) had no root lesion nematodes throughout both seasons, Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) very low counts, while Switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.) and Indian grass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] had detectable root lesion nematodes on only one sampling date each year. Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), Little Bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx) Nash], Sand Dropseed [Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray], Side-oats Grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.)) Torr], Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus L.), Bush clover [Lespedeza capitata (Michx] also are poor hosts. These species have potential as cover or rotation crops useful for nematode management.

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