scholarly journals A note on the occurrence of root lesion nematodes under native sand-prairie plant species in the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk, Ontario

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A.W. McKeown ◽  
J.W. Potter ◽  
M.E. Gartshore ◽  
P. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Prairie Plant

The root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans, which is the most important plant-parasitic nematode in southern Ontario, has an extremely wide host range. Because of the need to suppress lesion nematodes with cover-crop species which are poor or non-hosts of this parasite, a number of native sand-prairie species were evaluated for susceptibility. Eleven plant species belonging to the families Asclepiadaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae were determined to support very low numbers of P. penetrans and consequently to have potential as beneficial cover-crops.

scholarly journals Cover Crops Resistant to Root-lesion Nematodes in Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1195-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Vrain ◽  
Robyn DeYoung ◽  
John Hall ◽  
Stan Freyman
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Nematode Density ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Cover crops used in red raspberry plantings (Rubus idaeus L.) are often good hosts of the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans Filipjev & Sch. Stekoven), a major soilborne pathogen of raspberry. The effects of two susceptible cover crops, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), planted in between rows, on nematode density and growth of raspberry plants were compared to those of three cover crops resistant to the nematode: redtop (Agrostis alba L.), creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), and `Saia' oat (Avena sativa L.). Nematode multiplication in raspberry roots and in cover crop roots was assessed over 4 years. Growth and vigor of plants were estimated at the end of the experiment by counting primocanes and determining height and biomass. Nematode multiplication was suppressed in roots of `Saia' oat, fescue, and redtop compared to barley or white clover. Nematode density in roots and rhizosphere soil of raspberry was not affected by the choice of cover crops. Nematode suppression in the three resistant cover crops did not translate into increased vigor of raspberry plants.

scholarly journals Yield of ‘Superior’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and dynamics of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) populations following “nematode suppressive” cover crops and fumigation

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.W. McKeown ◽  
J.W.. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass

Studies were conducted at Simcoe, Ontario from 1992 to 1996 to evaluate various cover crop species as possible alternatives to fumigation prior to potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Cereal rye (Secale cereale), a common overwinter cover crop in vegetable production systems, is an excellent host for the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) and provides a suitable overwintering host on coarse sandy soils. Vorlex Plus CP and Telone IIB fumigants were compared to 'Domo' mustard (Brassica juncea) for the 1993 and 1994 potato crop years. Rye plus red clover (Trifolium pratense) was included as a known host cover crop system. Cyanogenic plants including 'Domo' mustard (1994) or 'Cutlass' mustard (1995, 1996), 'Forge' canola (Brassica rapa), 'Sordan 79' and 'Trudan 8' sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor), and flax (Linum usitatissimum) were compared to Vorlex Plus CP fumigant and 'NK557' sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) for effects on potato yield and nematodes. Shallow (15 cm) and deep (45 cm) fumigation with Vorlex Plus CP were also compared prior to potatoes for the 1994 to 1996 crop years. There was little detectable difference in percent or days to 50% emergence of potatoes following any treatment. Highest total and marketable yields resulted from Telone IIB fumigation, then Vorlex Plus CP fumigation and 'Domo' mustard, followed by control and rye plus red clover cover. Populations of nematodes surpassed the threshold of 1000 kg-1 soil in all treatments and were highest in potatoes following rye plus red clover. Yield and nematode control following sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and mustards appeared to be intermediate between fumigated and not fumigated. All of the cover crops appeared to be root-lesion nematode hosts in the field, and reduction of population levels appeared to result after incorporation or nematode winterkill. Nematode mortality was excellent with fumigation and next best from kill over the winter after 'Sordan 79' incorporation. 'Sordan 79' grown over at least part of the summer followed by incorporation was an alternative to fumigation prior to potatoes. Deep chiselling appears to reduce nematode population, possibly by physical action. Where nematode populations warrant, deep fumigation prior to potatoes appears to be of merit.

scholarly journals Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1074-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Potter ◽  
Adam Dale
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

scholarly journals Root-Knot and Root-Lesion Nematode Suppression by Cover Crops, Poultry Litter, and Poultry Litter Compost

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Everts ◽  
S. Sardanelli ◽  
R. J. Kratochvil ◽  
D. K. Armentrout ◽  
L. E. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Experiments using soil-incorporated cover crops and amendments of poultry litter (PL) and PL compost to suppress root-knot (RKN) and root-lesion nematodes were conducted in response to increasing nematode populations in Maryland's potato production areas. Identical experiments were established in microplots infested with Meloidogyne incognita or Pratylenchus penetrans. Treatments consisted of 12 3-year rotational sequences comprising potato (year 1) and cucumber (year 2) followed by a moderately RKN-resistant or susceptible soybean cultivar, castor bean, grain sorghum, or sorghum sudangrass; PL or PL compost were amended to some of the RKN-susceptible soybean and sorghum sudangrass plots. In the third year of the rotation, potato followed by soybean was planted in all 12 treatments. The RKN-resistant soybean, castor bean, sorghum sudangrass, and fallow or tillage decreased the populations of M. incognita compared with microplots where RKN-susceptible soybean had been grown. However, RKN populations quickly recovered. Root-lesion nematode was reduced in the spring of 2001 following application of high rates of PL and PL compost in 2000. In the fall of 2001, sorghum sudangrass alone or in combination with PL or PL compost, grain sorghum, or fallow or tillage reduced root-lesion nematodes compared with either soybean cultivar. No treatment affected root-lesion nematode the following year. The use of cover crops and PL compost is an effective method to reduce nematode populations only if successively incorporated into rotational cropping sequences.

Selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Made In

A study was conducted to evaluate response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Sch.-Stek.) under growth-room facilities. Six hundred plants of the cultivar Vernal were inoculated with root-lesion nematodes. Counts were made 13–14 wk later of the number of nematodes g−1 root. Selections were made for relatively low counts (resistant) and high counts (susceptible). Selections were self-pollinated, and the S1 progeny of nine plants (five resistant and four susceptible) were evaluated. The S1 progenies from both types of selections had similar counts. The S2 progenies of resistant S1 parents, however, had lower counts than those of susceptible parents. The F1 crosses generally reacted as expected on the basis of the S2 parents. Results of this study suggest that progress can be made in breeding for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa.Key words: Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, alfalfa, selection

scholarly journals Invasion and reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in birdsfoot trefoil cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
Y.A. Papadopoulos ◽  
B.R. Christie ◽  
K.B. McRae ◽  
C.E. Gallant
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Screening Trial

Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the levels of invasion of birdsfoot trefoil(Lotus corniculatus) cultivars and lines by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchuspenetrans). Numbersof nematodesin roots grown in 50-cm3 polystyrene starter pots were determined 6 weeks after planting. Nematodes were detected in the roots of all cultivars and lines, though the degree of invasion varied significantly. In the first screening trial, carried out in 1994 on 23 cultivars and lines, NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking harbored the lowest population densities of nematodes with levels below 1 000 g-1 of dry root, while Fergus and EPF had population densities over 30 000 g-1 of dry root. In the second screening trial conducted in 1995, all nine cultivars and lines tested, including NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking, had nematode levels greater than 7 900 g-1 of dry root. The results indicated that the cultivars and lines tested in this study exhibited wide genetic variability for invasion by root-lesion nematodes.

scholarly journals Invasion and reproduction by rootlesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) differs among selected lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. Papadopoulos ◽  
J. Kimpinski ◽  
K.B. McRae ◽  
B.R. Christie ◽  
C.E. Gallant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Eighteen cultivars and breeding lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense) were evaluated in a greenhouse study for their relative response to inoculation by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). The incidence of plants invaded and the nematode concentration in the roots were generally related but not always. One cultivar (Florex) had a low incidence of plants being invaded, but a high concentration of nematodes in the roots of invaded plants. Three entries (CRS 15, CRS 5, and CRS 11) displayed a low incidence of plants being invaded and a low concentration of nematodes in the root. One cultivar, AC Kingston, was judged to be highly susceptible, while the remaining entries had differing invasion incidences and differing concentrations of root-lesion nematodes in the roots.

Arthropod Granivory of Lime-Coated Cover Crop Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-853
Author(s):  
Michael M Bredeson ◽  
Dwayne Beck ◽  
Jonathan G Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crop Seed

Abstract Diversifying cropland plant communities is prerequisite to restoring ecosystem functions in agricultural habitats. Cover crops are one such way to improve biodiversity, and broadcasting calcium carbonate-coated (lime) seeds can be a viable method for plant establishment. In addition to improving seed-to-soil contact, calcium carbonate may also reduce arthropod granivory. Here we examine the effect of this seed-coating technology on arthropod granivory for seven cover crop species under field conditions. Carabidae, Gryllidae, and Staphylinidae were the three most frequently collected granivorous taxa in pitfall samples, and Pterostichus permundus and Gryllus pennsylvanicus represented 60.8% of all individual granivores. Cover crop seed damaged was variable among plant species. Among all plant species, the presence of a seed coating significantly reduced granivory by nearly 40% in the 7-d field exposure. Individually, hairy vetch and sorghum × sudan seeds were especially protected by calcium carbonate. No positive correlations were observed between invertebrate groups and the number of seeds consumed. Alternative methods for assessing the functionality of granivorous arthropod communities should be pursued, as activity-density measured from pitfall traps failed to reveal important cover crop seed consumers. Protection of cover crop seeds from granivory through a calcium carbonate coating may allow producers to adjust seeding rates and save on costs, increasing the rate of adoption for this conservation practice.

Growth of `Bartlett' Pear Seedlings in Response to Number of Root-lesion Nematodes and Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-320
Author(s):  
J.L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

The effects of temperature and root-lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] on the growth of newly germinated `Bartlett' pear seedlings (Pyrus communis L.) were examined. At five temperatures from 10 to 30C, P. penetrans (five per gram of soil) did not purple the leaves. After 8 weeks, leaf number, trunk height, and top and root weights were reduced only at 25C. The number of P. penetrans in the roots were greatest at 15 and 20C. At 20C, P. penetrans (16 per gram of soil) caused the leaves of seedlings to turn purple, and, by 6 weeks after treatment, the nematodes had reduced leaf production, trunk elongation, and top and root growth.

scholarly journals Redistribution of phosphorus in soil through cover crop roots

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio C. Franchini ◽  
Marcos A. Pavan ◽  
Mário Miyazawa
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P

The objective of this study was to evaluate if cover crops can absorb P from the upper layers and transport it in their roots to subsoil layers. Samples of an Oxisol were placed in PVC columns. Super phosphate fertilizer was applied to the 0-10 cm soil surface layers. The cover crops tested were: Avena strigosa, Avena sativa, Secale cereale, Pisum sativum subsp arvense, Pisum sativum, Vicia villosa, Vicia sativa, Lupinus angustifoliu, Lupinus albus, and Triticum aestivum. After a growth period of 80 days the cover crop shoots were cut off and the soil was divided into 10cm layers and the roots of each layer were washed out. The roots and shoots were analyzed separated for total P contribution to the soil. Considerable amount of P was present in the roots of cover crops. Vicia sativa contained more than 60% of total plant P in the roots. The contribution of Vicia sativa to soil P bellow the fertilized zone was about 7 kg ha-1. It thus appeared that there existed a possibility of P redistribution into the soil under no tillage by using cover crops in rotation with cash crops. Vicia sativa was the most efficient cover crop species as P carrier into the roots from superficial layer to lower layers.

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