scholarly journals Échanges en surface dans le modèle de chimie transport multi-échelles MOCAGE

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 173-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Michou ◽  
V. H. Peuch
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Inventory Activity

Les échanges en surface dans le Modèle de Chimie Transport (MCT) multi-échelles MOCAGE de Météo-France comprennent à la fois les flux d'émissions et de dépôt sec d'espèces gazeuses. Une interface 2D a été développée entre MOCAGE et le modèle de prévisions météorologiques opérationnel français ARPEGE dans le but de calculer des flux à la surface réalistes Pour les émissions, un inventaire global est employé pour le moment; cet inventaire a été construit essentiellement à partir des inventaires des programmes IGAC/GEIA (International Global Atmospheric Chemistry / Global Emission Inventory Activity) et EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research qui ont des résolutions temporelles annuelles, sai-sonnières ou mensuelles et une résolution spatiale de un degré. Le dépôt sec d'espèces gazeuses, y compris l'ozone, le dioxyde de soufre, les composés azotés, les composés organiques à longue et à courte durée de vie, a été paramétrisé selon [Wesely, 1989]. Le modèle calcule la vitesse de dépôt à partir de valeurs de trois résistances en série, les résistances aérodynamique, laminaire et de la surface. Ces résistances sont calculées en utilisant les champs de surface d'ARPEGE. Les champs liés à la végétation, tels l'indice foliaire, sont prescrits avec une résolution de un degré sur le globe et de cinq minutes sur l'Europe. Un certain nombre de modifications a été apporté à la paramétrisation de [Wesely, 1989], par exemple pour la formulation de la résistance stomatale et celle de la résistance de surface sur les surfaces mouillées. Les valeurs calculées de vitesse de dépôt ont été comparées à des observations et leurs distributions spatiales et temporelles ont été analysées sur deux saisons opposées (hiver et été, sur les différents domaines de MOCAGE, de résolution allant de 2 degrés pour le globe à 0.25 degrés pour la France.

scholarly journals Updated national emission inventory and comparison with the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR): case of Lebanon

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Al Shami ◽  
Elissar Al Aawar ◽  
Abdelkader Baayoun ◽  
Najat A. Saliba ◽  
Jonilda Kushta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Emission Standard ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Atmospheric Research

AbstractPhysically based computational modeling is an effective tool for estimating and predicting the spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations in complex environments. A detailed and up-to-date emission inventory is one of the most important components of atmospheric modeling and a prerequisite for achieving high model performance. Lebanon lacks an accurate inventory of anthropogenic emission fluxes. In the absence of a clear emission standard and standardized activity datasets in Lebanon, this work serves to fill this gap by presenting the first national effort to develop a national emission inventory by exhaustively quantifying detailed multisector, multi-species pollutant emissions in Lebanon for atmospheric pollutants that are internationally monitored and regulated as relevant to air quality. Following the classification of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), we present the methodology followed for each subsector based on its characteristics and types of fuels consumed. The estimated emissions encompass gaseous species (CO, NOx, SO2), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). We compare totals per sector obtained from the newly developed national inventory with the international EDGAR inventory and previously published emission inventories for the country for base year 2010 presenting current discrepancies and analyzing their causes. The observed discrepancies highlight the fact that emission inventories, especially for data-scarce settings, are highly sensitive to the activity data and their underlying assumptions, and to the methodology used to estimate the emissions.

scholarly journals Multi-year comparisons of ground-based and space-borne Fourier transform spectrometers in the high Arctic between 2006 and 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3273-3294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Griffin ◽  
Kaley A. Walker ◽  
Stephanie Conway ◽  
Felicia Kolonjari ◽  
Kimberly Strong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Experiment Validation ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. This paper presents 8 years (2006–2013) of measurements obtained from Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) in the high Arctic at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL; 80.05° N, 86.42° W). These measurements were taken as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) validation campaigns that have been carried out since 2004 during the polar sunrise period (from mid-February to mid-April). Each spring, two ground-based FTSs were used to measure total and partial columns of HF, O3, and trace gases that impact O3 depletion, namely, HCl and HNO3. Additionally, some tropospheric greenhouse gases and pollutant species were measured, namely CH4, N2O, CO, and C2H6. During the same time period, the satellite-based ACE-FTS made measurements near Eureka and provided profiles of the same trace gases. Comparisons have been carried out between the measurements from the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the InfraRed (PARIS-IR) and the co-located high-resolution Bruker 125HR FTS, as well as with the latest version of the ACE-FTS retrievals (v3.5). The total column comparison between the two co-located ground-based FTSs, PARIS-IR and Bruker 125HR, found very good agreement for most of these species (except HF), with differences well below the estimated uncertainties ( ≤ 6  %) and with high correlations (R ≥ 0. 8). Partial columns have been used for the ground-based to space-borne comparison, with coincident measurements selected based on time, distance, and scaled potential vorticity (sPV). The comparisons of the ground-based measurements with ACE-FTS show good agreement in the partial columns for most species within 6  % (except for C2H6 and PARIS-IR HF), which is consistent with the total retrieval uncertainty of the ground-based instruments. The correlation coefficients (R) of the partial column comparisons for all eight species range from approximately 0.75 to 0.95. The comparisons show no notable increases of the mean differences over these 8 years, indicating the consistency of these datasets and suggesting that the space-borne ACE-FTS measurements have been stable over this period. In addition, changes in the amounts of these trace gases during springtime between 2006 and 2013 are presented and discussed. Increased O3 (0. 9  %  yr−1), HCl (1. 7  %  yr−1), HF (3. 8  %  yr−1), CH4 (0.5  % yr−1), and C2H6 (2. 3 % yr−1, 2009–2013) have been found with the PARIS-IR dataset, the longer of the two ground-based records.

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds from crude oil processing – Global emission inventory and environmental release

2020 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 138654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Rajabi ◽  
Mojgan Hadi Mosleh ◽  
Parthasarathi Mandal ◽  
Amanda Lea-Langton ◽  
Majid Sedighi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals The impact of traffic emissions on atmospheric ozone and OH: results from QUANTIFY

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3113-3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hoor ◽  
J. Borken-Kleefeld ◽  
D. Caro ◽  
O. Dessens ◽  
O. Endresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Local Maximum ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. To estimate the impact of emissions by road, aircraft and ship traffic on ozone and OH in the present-day atmosphere six different atmospheric chemistry models have been used. Based on newly developed global emission inventories for road, ship and aircraft emission data sets each model performed sensitivity simulations reducing the emissions of each transport sector by 5%. The model results indicate that on global annual average lower tropospheric ozone responds most sensitive to ship emissions (50.6%±10.9% of the total traffic induced perturbation), followed by road (36.7%±9.3%) and aircraft exhausts (12.7%±2.9%), respectively. In the northern upper troposphere between 200–300 hPa at 30–60° N the maximum impact from road and ship are 93% and 73% of the maximum effect of aircraft, respectively. The latter is 0.185 ppbv for ozone (for the 5% case) or 3.69 ppbv when scaling to 100%. On the global average the impact of road even dominates in the UTLS-region. The sensitivity of ozone formation per NOx molecule emitted is highest for aircraft exhausts. The local maximum effect of the summed traffic emissions on the ozone column predicted by the models is 0.2 DU and occurs over the northern subtropical Atlantic extending to central Europe. Below 800 hPa both ozone and OH respond most sensitively to ship emissions in the marine lower troposphere over the Atlantic. Based on the 5% perturbation the effect on ozone can exceed 0.6% close to the marine surface (global zonal mean) which is 80% of the total traffic induced ozone perturbation. In the southern hemisphere ship emissions contribute relatively strongly to the total ozone perturbation by 60%–80% throughout the year. Methane lifetime changes against OH are affected strongest by ship emissions up to 0.21 (± 0.05)%, followed by road (0.08 (±0.01)%) and air traffic (0.05 (± 0.02)%). Based on the full scale ozone and methane perturbations positive radiative forcings were calculated for road emissions (7.3±6.2 mWm−2) and for aviation (2.9±2.3 mWm−2). Ship induced methane lifetime changes dominate over the ozone forcing and therefore lead to a net negative forcing (−25.5±13.2 mWm−2).

Evaluating anthropogenic CO2 emissions of China estimated from atmospheric inversions of “proxy” species against ground CO2 measurements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Fei Jiang ◽  
Shuzhuang Feng ◽  
Ngoc Tu Nguyen ◽  
Hengmao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Peking University ◽  
One Year ◽  
Emission Ratios

<p>Accurate estimation of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (ACE) is of great importance for climate change mitigation, however, it is quite challenging.  Co-emitted gases, e.g. CO and NO<sub>x</sub>, have been reported to be useful for tracking ACE. Here we estimated ACE of China based on “proxy” species (i.e. CO and NO<sub>x</sub>) inversions with emission ratios of CO<sub>2 </sub>and the “proxy” species and evaluated the estimates using ground CO<sub>2</sub> measurements of three tower stations in population-dense areas based on the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) modeling driven by the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) meteorology. An ensemble of ACE of China were estimated from different combinations of anthropogenic CO or NO<sub>x</sub> flux estimates and emission ratios, where the CO or NO<sub>x</sub> fluxes were estimated from in-situ measured concentration data or satellite column concentration data, and the emission ratios were derived from two emission inventory datasets, i.e. multi-resolution emission inventory for China (MEIC) and Peking University global emission inventories (PKU-FUEL). We found all CO<sub>2</sub> simulations with “proxy” based ACE estimates (either using in-situ or satellite data) in one year clearly fitted better to observations than those with inventory datasets did, especially during winter and early spring. Meanwhile, large mismatches between simulations and observations were found for some periods, which indicated the use of CO or NO<sub>x </sub>to track ACE may be not suitable for a whole year. Our preliminary result demonstrates the potential to use atmospheric “proxy” species to track anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in China.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Current model capabilities for simulating black carbon and sulfate concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere: a multi-model evaluation using a comprehensive measurement data set

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 9413-9433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eckhardt ◽  
B. Quennehen ◽  
D. J. L. Olivié ◽  
T. K. Berntsen ◽  
R. Cherian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Arctic Haze

Abstract. The concentrations of sulfate, black carbon (BC) and other aerosols in the Arctic are characterized by high values in late winter and spring (so-called Arctic Haze) and low values in summer. Models have long been struggling to capture this seasonality and especially the high concentrations associated with Arctic Haze. In this study, we evaluate sulfate and BC concentrations from eleven different models driven with the same emission inventory against a comprehensive pan-Arctic measurement data set over a time period of 2 years (2008–2009). The set of models consisted of one Lagrangian particle dispersion model, four chemistry transport models (CTMs), one atmospheric chemistry-weather forecast model and five chemistry climate models (CCMs), of which two were nudged to meteorological analyses and three were running freely. The measurement data set consisted of surface measurements of equivalent BC (eBC) from five stations (Alert, Barrow, Pallas, Tiksi and Zeppelin), elemental carbon (EC) from Station Nord and Alert and aircraft measurements of refractory BC (rBC) from six different campaigns. We find that the models generally captured the measured eBC or rBC and sulfate concentrations quite well, compared to previous comparisons. However, the aerosol seasonality at the surface is still too weak in most models. Concentrations of eBC and sulfate averaged over three surface sites are underestimated in winter/spring in all but one model (model means for January–March underestimated by 59 and 37 % for BC and sulfate, respectively), whereas concentrations in summer are overestimated in the model mean (by 88 and 44 % for July–September), but with overestimates as well as underestimates present in individual models. The most pronounced eBC underestimates, not included in the above multi-site average, are found for the station Tiksi in Siberia where the measured annual mean eBC concentration is 3 times higher than the average annual mean for all other stations. This suggests an underestimate of BC sources in Russia in the emission inventory used. Based on the campaign data, biomass burning was identified as another cause of the modeling problems. For sulfate, very large differences were found in the model ensemble, with an apparent anti-correlation between modeled surface concentrations and total atmospheric columns. There is a strong correlation between observed sulfate and eBC concentrations with consistent sulfate/eBC slopes found for all Arctic stations, indicating that the sources contributing to sulfate and BC are similar throughout the Arctic and that the aerosols are internally mixed and undergo similar removal. However, only three models reproduced this finding, whereas sulfate and BC are weakly correlated in the other models. Overall, no class of models (e.g., CTMs, CCMs) performed better than the others and differences are independent of model resolution.

scholarly journals Improved gridded ammonia emission inventory in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojie Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Weishou Shen ◽  
Jianbing Jin ◽  
Teng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
Spatial Differences

Abstract. As a major alkaline gas in the atmosphere, NH3 significantly impacts atmospheric chemistry, ecological environment, and biodiversity. Gridded NH3 emission inventories can significantly affect the accuracy of model concentrations and play a crucial role in the refinement of mitigation strategies. However, several uncertainties are still associated with existing NH3 emission inventories in China. Therefore, in this study, we focused on improving fertilizer application-related NH3 emission inventories. We comprehensively evaluated the dates and times of fertilizer application to the major crops that are cultivated in China, improved the spatial allocation methods for NH3 emissions from croplands with different rice types, and established a gridded NH3 emission inventory for mainland China with a resolution of 5 min × 5 min in 2016. The results showed that the atmospheric NH3 emissions in mainland China amounted to 12.11 Tg, with livestock waste (44.8 %) and fertilizer application (38.6 %) being the two main NH3 emission sources in China. Obvious spatial differences in NH3 emissions were also observed, and high emissions were predominantly concentrated in North China. Further, NH3 emissions tended to be high in summer and low in winter, and the ratio for the July–January period was 3.08. Furthermore, maize and rice fertilization in summer was primarily responsible for the increase in NH3 emissions in China, and the evaluation of the spatial and temporal accuracy of the NH3 emission inventory established in this study using the WRF-Chem and ground station- and satellite-based observations showed that it was more accurate than other inventories.

scholarly journals Multi-year comparisons of ground-based and space-borne Fourier Transform Spectrometers in the high Arctic between 2006 and 2013

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Griffin ◽  
Kaley A. Walker ◽  
Stephanie Conway ◽  
Felicia Kolonjari ◽  
Kimberly Strong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Experiment Validation ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. This paper presents eight years (2006–2013) of measurements obtained from Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTSs) in the high Arctic at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, 80.05° N, 86.42° W). These measurements were taken as part of the Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) Validation Campaigns that have been carried out since 2004 during the polar sunrise period (from mid-February to mid-April). Each spring, two ground-based FTSs were used to measure total and partial columns of HF, O3, and trace gases that impact O3 depletion, namely, HCl, and HNO3. Additionally, some tropospheric greenhouse gases and pollutant species were measured, namely CH4, N2O, CO, and C2H6. During the same time period, the satellite-based ACE-FTS made measurements near Eureka and provided profiles of the same trace gases. Comparisons have been carried out between the measurements from PARIS-IR and the co-located high-resolution Bruker 125HR FTS, as well as with the latest version of the ACE-FTS retrievals (v3.5). The total column comparison between the two co-located ground-based FTSs, PARIS-IR and Bruker 125HR, found very good agreement for most of these species (except HF), with differences well below the estimated uncertainties (~ 6 %) and with high correlations (R ≥ 0.8). Partial columns have been used for the ground-based to space-borne comparison, with coincident measurements selected based on time, distance and scaled potential vorticity (sPV). The comparisons of the ground-based measurements with ACE-FTS show good agreement in the partial columns for most species within 6 % (except for C2H6 and PARIS-IR HF), which are consistent with the total retrieval uncertainty of the ground-based instruments. The correlation coefficients (R) of the partial column comparisons for all eight species range from approximately 0.75 to 0.95. The comparisons show no significant increase in the mean differences over these eight years, indicating the consistency of these datasets and suggesting that the space-borne ACE-FTS measurements have been stable over this period. In addition, changes in the amounts of these trace gases during springtime between 2006 and 2013 are presented and discussed. Increased O3 (0.9 % yr−1), HCl (1.7 % yr−1), HF (3.8 % yr−1), CH4 (0.5 % yr−1) and C2H6 (2.3 % yr−1, 2009–2013) have been found near PEARL from the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the InfraRed (PARIS-IR) dataset.

scholarly journals Simultaneous atmospheric measurements using two Fourier transform infrared spectrometers at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory during spring 2006, and comparisons with the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5305-5358 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fu ◽  
K. A. Walker ◽  
R. L. Mittermeier ◽  
K. Strong ◽  
K. Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Polar Environment ◽  
Chemistry Experiment

Abstract. The 2006 Canadian Arctic ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) Validation Campaign collected measurements at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL, 80.05° N, 86.42° W, 610 m above sea level) at Eureka, Canada from 17 February to 31 March 2006. Two of the ten instruments involved in the campaign, both Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs), were operated simultaneously, recording atmospheric solar absorption spectra. The first instrument was an ABB Bomem DA8 high-resolution infrared FTS. The second instrument was the Portable Atmospheric Research Interferometric Spectrometer for the Infrared (PARIS-IR), the ground-based version of the satellite-borne FTS on the ACE satellite (ACE-FTS). From the measurements collected by these two ground-based instruments, total column densities of seven stratospheric trace gases (O3, HNO3, NO2, HCl, HF, NO, and ClONO2 were retrieved using the optimal estimation method and these results were compared. Since the two instruments sampled the same portions of atmosphere by synchronizing observations during the campaign, the biases in retrieved columns from the two spectrometers represent the instrumental differences. These differences were consistent with those seen in previous FTS intercomparison studies. Partial column results from the ground-based spectrometers were also compared with partial columns derived from ACE-FTS version 2.2 (including updates for O3, HDO and N2O5 profiles and the differences found were consistent with the other validation comparison studies for the ACE-FTS version 2.2 data products. Column densities of O3, HCl, ClONO2, and HNO3 from the three FTSs were normalized with respect to HF and used to probe the time evolution of the chemical constituents in the atmosphere over Eureka during spring 2006.

scholarly journals A global anthropogenic emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants from sector- and fuel-specific sources (1970–2017): An application of the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. McDuffie ◽  
Steven J. Smith ◽  
Patrick O'Rourke ◽  
Kushal Tibrewal ◽  
Chandra Venkataraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Data System ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Emission Inventories ◽  
Anthropogenic Emission ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Global Emissions

Abstract. Global anthropogenic emission inventories remain vital for understanding the fate and transport of atmospheric pollution, as well as the resulting impacts on the environment, human health, and society. Rapid changes in today’s society require that these inventories provide contemporary estimates of multiple atmospheric pollutants with both source sector and fuel-type information to understand and effectively mitigate future impacts. To fill this need, we have updated the open-source Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) (Hoesly et al., 2019) to develop a new global emission inventory, CEDSGBD-MAPS. This inventory includes emissions of seven key atmospheric pollutants (NOx, CO, SO2, NH3, NMVOCs, BC, OC) over the time period from 1970–2017 and reports annual country-total emissions as a function of 11 anthropogenic sectors (agriculture, energy generation, industrial processes, transportation (on-road and non-road), residential, commercial, and other sectors (RCO), waste, solvent use, and international-shipping) and four fuel categories (total coal, solid biofuel, and the sum of liquid fuels and natural gas combustion, plus remaining process-level emissions). The CEDSGBD-MAPS inventory additionally includes global gridded (0.5°×0.5°) emission fluxes with monthly time resolution for each compound, sector, and fuel-type to facilitate their use in earth system models. CEDSGBD-MAPS utilizes updated activity data, updates to the core CEDS default calibration procedure, and modifications to the final procedures for emissions gridding and aggregation to retain sector and fuel-specific information. Relative to the previous CEDS data released for CMIP6 (Hoesly et al., 2018), these updates extend the emission estimates from 2014 to 2017 and improve the overall agreement between CEDS and two widely used global bottom-up emission inventories. The CEDSGBD-MAPS inventory provides the most contemporary global emission estimates to-date for these key atmospheric pollutants and is the first to provide global estimates for these species as a function of multiple fuel-types across multiple source sectors. Dominant sources of global NOx and SO2 emissions in 2017 include the combustion of oil, gas, and coal in the energy and industry sectors, as well as on-road transportation and international shipping for NOx. Dominant sources of global CO emissions in 2017 include on-road transportation and residential biofuel combustion. Dominant global sources of carbonaceous aerosol in 2017 include residential biofuel combustion, on-road transportation (BC only), as well as emissions from waste. Global emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, BC, and OC all peak in 2012 or earlier, with more recent emission reductions driven by large changes in emissions from China, North America, and Europe. In contrast, global emissions of NH3 and NMVOCs continuously increase between 1970 and 2017, with agriculture serving as a major source of global NH3 emissions and solvent use, energy, residential, and the on-road transport sectors as major sources of global NMVOCs. Due to similar development methods and underlying datasets, the CEDSGBD-MAPS emissions are expected to have consistent sources of uncertainty as other bottom-up inventories, including uncertainties in the underlying activity data and sector- and region-specific emission factors. The CEDSGBD-MAPS source code is publicly available online through GitHub: https://github.com/emcduffie/CEDS/tree/CEDS_GBD-MAPS. The CEDSGBD-MAPS emission inventory dataset (both annual country-total and global gridded files) is publicly available and registered under: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3754964 (McDuffie et al., 2020).

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