scholarly journals Les alliances technologiques stratégiques: de la théorie à la situation canadienne

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Niosi ◽  
Maryse Bergeron ◽  
Michèle Sawchuck
Keyword(s):  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Business Administration ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Japanese Corporations ◽  
Informal Cooperation

Technological cooperation between business enterprises has become common-place over the past ten years or so, following an increase in the uncertainty, risk, and costs of research and development brought about by growing international competition and the unsettling impact of data processing technologies (and to a lesser degree biotechnologies) throughout the entire industrial sector. Strategies in R&D cooperation, first adopted by Japanese corporations, were copied by European firms in the early 80s and then by American and Canadian corporations later on. Governments have got in on the action through policies for encouragement of collective R&D. Current theories in economies and business administration are not very useful for understanding this phenomenon. Neo-classical economies' assumption of perfect competition, as well as dissertations on product obsolescence and transaction costs, permeate theories in business administration and do not help us comprehend this new organizational phenomenon. We have, however, come across some crucial leads towards an explanation in certain models of imperfect competition and in managerial studies on informal cooperation by businesses in R&D.

Sharade Marathe. Regulation and Development: The Indian Policy Experience of Controls Over Industry. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. 1986. 328 pp.Price: (Hardbound edition) Rupees (Indian) 195.00.

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Khwaja Sarmad
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The Past ◽  
Distinguished Career ◽  
Comprehensive Manner

This book documents in a comprehensive manner the 'twists and turns' in India's industrial policy and strongly suggests the need for a re-orientation of this policy to overcome the weaknesses in the industrial structure and to utilize the sources of its strength. The author has had a distinguished career in the Indian Economic Service and brings this experience to bear on his analysis of the evolution of industrial policy in India. In India, the primary objective of planned development has been the creation of a technologically mature society capable of sustaining a process of self-propelled growth without extreme concentration of wealth in a few hands. It is rightly pointed out in the book that this objective is possible only in the context of rapid growth, which is the ultimate test of industrial policy. The book traces the origins of India's industrial policy and analyses its evolution during the past thirty years, showing how there has been an increasing gap between the objectives of this policy and the performance of the industrial sector.

scholarly journals Labor Markets and Economic Inequality in the United States since the End of the 1970s

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Real Value ◽  
State And Local

By most measures, the United States is the most unequal of the world's advanced capitalist economies, and inequality has increased substantially over the past 30 years. This article documents trends in the inequality of three key economic distributions—hourly earnings, annual incomes, and net wealth—and relates these developments to changes in economic and social policy over the past three decades. The primary cause of high and rising inequality is the systematic erosion of the bargaining power of lower- and middle-income workers relative to their employers, reflected in the erosion of the real value of the minimum wage, the decline in unions, widescale deregulation of industries such as airlines and trucking, the privatization and outsourcing of many state and local government activities, increasing international competition, and periods of restrictive macroeconomic policy.

Competition, Not Regulation – or Regulated Competition?

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
Alexia Herwig
Keyword(s):  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Treatment Standard ◽  
Regulatory Purpose ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Regulated Competition ◽  
Domestic Products

GATT Article III:4 aims at equal treatment in respect of competitive opportunities of imports and competing domestic products by preventing protectionism. A key question is whether regulations with heavier burdens on imported products than on domestic products and a valid regulatory purpose are consistent with Article III:4. Inquiry into regulatory purpose under Article III:4 would allow by-passing Article XX whose list of regulatory objectives is a closed one and which puts the burden of proof on the defending WTO member. In EC-Seal Products, the Appellate Body has rejected any role for the regulatory purpose inquiry under Article III:4. This article shows why a purely empirical definition of likeness and less favourable treatment as disparate impact cannot logically lead to a finding of a violation of Article III:4. It then argues that regulatory purpose continues to play a role under Article III:4 because of the centrality of the notion of competition. It proposes to frame that competition as perfect competition. It shows that the adoption of perfect competition as the evaluative benchmark for all of Article III:4 makes better legal sense than starting from imperfect competition for the likeness analysis and perfect competition for the less favourable treatment standard, as is proposed in the literature. It also shows that even in case where imperfect competition is used as the sole benchmark for both parts of Article III:4, an assessment of how regulation interacts with competition continues to play some role.

Technological Developments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1464-1487
Author(s):  
Hande Mutlu Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

Technological developments in recent years have been affecting the lives of people and societies more rapidly than in the past. Developments in the field of communication, robotics, transportation, etc. are called the 4th Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 in the industrial sector. Technological developments have created great changes in the services and industrial sectors. Industry 4.0 has also led to changes in the transformation of the tourism sector and is likely to occur in future processes. This chapter examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the tourism sector.

scholarly journals Experimental Fire Measurement with UAV Multimodal Stereovision

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3546
Author(s):  
Vito Ciullo ◽  
Lucile Rossi ◽  
Antoine Pieri
Keyword(s):  
Vision System ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Multimodal Images

In wildfire research, systems that are able to estimate the geometric characteristics of fire, in order to understand and model the behavior of this spreading and dangerous phenomenon, are required. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in the use of computer vision and image processing technologies. The majority of these works have considered multiple mono-camera systems, merging the information obtained from each camera. Recent studies have introduced the use of stereovision in this field; for example, a framework with multiple ground stereo pairs of cameras has been developed to measure fires spreading for about 10 meters. This work proposes an unmanned aerial vehicle multimodal stereovision framework which allows for estimation of the geometric characteristics of fires propagating over long distances. The vision system is composed of two cameras operating simultaneously in the visible and infrared spectral bands. The main result of this work is the development of a portable drone system which is able to obtain georeferenced stereoscopic multimodal images associated with a method for the estimation of fire geometric characteristics. The performance of the proposed system is tested through various experiments, which reveal its efficiency and potential for use in monitoring wildfires.

scholarly journals Cost-Efficient Composite Processing Techniques for Aerospace Applications – A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 1465-1470
Author(s):  
Babak Ganjeh ◽  
Mohd Roshdi Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Industry ◽  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Composite Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
New Generation

Composite materials have been used in aircraft components since the early beginning of aircraft industry establishment.Undenaible advantages of composites in mechanical properties and light weight in comparison with conventional metal alloys make them desirable alternative for fabrication of different aircraft components. However, quality concerns and high costs of processing tackle the extensive usage of composites in aircraft structure, until the past decade, introducing new generation of composite processing techniques, needless of traditional autoclave processing and capable of fabricating aerospace-grade quality composite parts more time and cost efficiently. In this paper concise review over recent cost-efficient composite processing technologies with proven practicality in commercial aircraft applications, is presented.

Technology as an Enabler of the Global Branding of Retail Financial Services

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Wright
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Global Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Distribution

The market for retail financial services has been transformed in the past decade by new distribution and processing technologies and their impact on consumer attitudes to banking and banks. These factors have removed the geographic and cost barriers to the global distribution of retail financial services and have led to a convergence in the key benefits sought by consumers in developed countries. This increases the need for and the effectiveness of globally consistent brand images.

scholarly journals Growth and Residential Distribution with Solow, Alonso, and Dixit-Stiglitz Integrated

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 312-326
Author(s):  
Wei- Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Imperfect Market ◽  
Economic Mechanisms ◽  
Residential Distribution ◽  
Growth Economic

The purpose of this study is to deal with dynamic interdependence between economic growth, economic structure, and residential distribution. It develops a spatial dynamic economic model on basis of microeconomic foundation. It integrates the economic mechanisms of the Solow one-sector growth model, the Alonso spatial residential model, and the Dixit-Stiglitz equilibrium model with imperfect market. We apply neoclassical economic growth of perfect competition to describe the growth determinant, the neoclassical urban residential model to determine residential location, and the basic model of new growth theory with imperfect market to take account of perfect and imperfect competition in spatial equilibrium structure. The basic economic mechanisms of the three approaches are integrated by using Zhang new approach to formally model household behavior. We determine the motion by simulation. Then we conduct comparative dynamic analysis to analyze how exogenous changes in different parameters affect residential distribution, economic growth, and economic structure. The study shows how changes in preferences and technologies affect economic growth, economic structure, land rent, and residential distribution.

scholarly journals FIRMS’ EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS AND THE STATE OF THE LABOR MARKET

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Karolina Stadin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Matching Theory ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Search And Matching ◽  
Employment Decisions ◽  
Employment Dynamics

According to search and matching theory, a greater availability of unemployed workers should make it easier for a firm to fill a vacancy, but more vacancies at other firms should make recruitment more difficult. Simulating a theoretical model of a firm facing perfect competition in the product market and no convex adjustment costs (standard assumptions in the search and matching literature), I find that shocks to vacancies and unemployment lead to economically significant employment responses. Simulating a more realistic model with imperfect competition in the product market and convex adjustment costs, I find small employment effects of shocks to vacancies and unemployment. In particular, shocks to the number of unemployed seem to be unimportant. Estimating an employment equation on a panel of Swedish firms, I find that neither the number of unemployed workers nor the number of vacancies in the local labor market is important for firms’ employment decisions.

scholarly journals A Study on the Structural Reform of the Korean Public Prosecutor's Office with a view to Lifting International Competitiveness

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (0) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
Jeong Ho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Korean War ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Receive

Although the Republic of Korea has recovered from the ruins of the 1950's Korean War and achieved a remarkable economic growth during the past 40 years, it is now, at the threshold of 21st century, faced with the great national economic crises which led us to receive the IMF's rescue fund. To make a long story short, I presume the cause of the economic tragedy mainly originated from the fact that the frame and habitude of our way of life were not so changed suitably as to accommodate the new era of unbounded international competition.

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