scholarly journals La théorie de Heckscher-Ohlin et la localisation des industries manufacturières canadiennes : présentation de quelques résultats empiriques

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Michel Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Standard Industrial Classification ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Intensive Production ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Relative Factor ◽  
Statistical Results

Abstract This paper applies the Heckscher-Ohlin hypothesis to the location of regional manufacturing industries in Canada. The empirical results demonstrate with strong evidence the first hypothesis that Quebec and Ontario enjoy different locational characteristics because of their relative factor endowments. More precisely, firms operating in Quebec adopt labor-intensive production process relatively to those located in Ontario which choose a capital-intensive production technique. The statistical results of the second hypothesis confirm sufficiently that both provinces increased their specialization in industries when they have a relative increasing comparative advantage respectively labor-intensive industries for Quebec and capital-intensive industries for Ontario. Finally, those hypotheses are confirmed not only for the twenty two-digit manufacturing industries of the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), but also for thirty-one three-digit manufacturing industries.

Analysis of Composition of Workers in Indian Manufacturing Industries

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-119
Author(s):  
Bharat Singh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
Indian Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Samuelson Model

The Hecksher Ohlin (H-O) theoretical arguments and their further implications drawn by the Stopler-Samuelson model argue that, based on factor cost advantages, the labour surplus developing economies would have comparative advantage in producing and exporting labour intensive products, while the capital abundant developed economies would have comparative advantage in producing and exporting capital intensive products. This in turn would generate demand for less skilled workers in the developing economy and that of more skilled workers in the developed economies. However, contrary to the H-O trade theoretic predictions of rising relative demand for sector specific unskilled or less skilled employment in developing economies, empirical evidence for India suggests a different picture across different industries in Indian manufacturing sector.

Does Effective Inventory Management Improve Profitability?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojung Shin ◽  
Charles C. Wood ◽  
Minjoon Jun
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Work In Process ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Operational Excellence ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Statistical Results

The present research investigates the effect of inventory performance on profitability. The objective is to find empirical evidence for the theory that operational excellence in inventory management improves profitability in the long run. To this end, the authors examine industry level longitudinal data (14 manufacturing industries at the SIC two-digit level) over the 1958-1999 period by employing a series of hierarchical regression analyses. The statistical results confirm that a lower inventory level measured as the industry inventory-to-sales ratio has a positive effect on industry profitability measured as the profit-to-sales ratio. This evidence is found significant in 9 out of the 14 U.S. manufacturing industries. This study also reveals that not all the inventories, categorized by stage of fabrication, equally contribute to improving industry profitability. For instance, the profitability of the primary and fabricated metal industries has benefited from reductions in finished goods inventories, whereas that of the petroleum and coal products industry has been affected mainly by declines in work-in-process inventories.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation, Trade Comparative Advantage, and the Manufacturing Industry’s Green Transformation and Upgrading

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Gong ◽  
Zhe You ◽  
Linting Wang ◽  
Jinhua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Trade Patterns

This paper is the first to systematically review the theoretical mechanisms of environmental regulation and trade comparative advantage that affect the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. On this basis, corresponding hypotheses are put forward. The non-radial and non-angle SBM (slacks-based measure) efficiency measurement model with undesirable outputs was used, combined with the use of the ML (green total factor productivity index) productivity index to measure green total factor productivity. Finally, the theoretical hypothesis was empirically tested using data from 27 manufacturing industries in China from 2005 to 2017. The results show the following: (1) There is a significant inverted U-shaped curve relationship between environmental regulation and the transformation of the manufacturing industry. In other words, as environmental regulation increases, its impact on the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry is first promoted and then suppressed. (2) When there are no environmental regulations, the trade comparative advantage of the manufacturing industry is not conducive to industrial transformation. However, under the constraints of environmental regulations, the comparative advantage of trade will significantly promote the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing. Therefore, in order to effectively promote transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations: (1) The Chinese government should pay more attention to the impact of environmental regulation intensity on the transformation of manufacturing industries, further increase the intensity of environmental regulation within the reasonable range, and fully exert the positive effects of environmental regulation on the trade patterns and manufacturing industry transformation. (2) We should further optimize the structure of trade, realize the diversification of manufacturing import and export, and promote its transformation into high-end manufacturing. On this basis, green production technology in the manufacturing industry can be improved through the technology spillover effect. (3) Efforts should be made to improve the level of collaborative development between environmental regulation and trade patterns and to explore the transformation path of the manufacturing industry with the integration of environmental regulation and trade patterns.

Traveler Destination Choice Behavior: Effects of Time of Day, Activity Duration, and Home Location

1998 ◽  
Vol 1645 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Kitamura ◽  
Cynthia Chen ◽  
Ravi Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Home Location ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Statistical Results

Multinomial logit destination choice models are developed and the following hypotheses are examined: ( a) time of day affects destination choice behavior, ( b) the duration of stay at the destination affects destination choice, and ( c) home location affects non-home-based destination choice. The statistical results offer strong evidence in support of the hypotheses.

scholarly journals Comparative advantage, economic structure and growth: The case of Senegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Sejkora ◽  
Ondrej Sankot
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Revealed Comparative Advantage ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Export Shares ◽  
Growing Economy

Background: Using a concept of revealed and latent comparative advantage, this article identifies relatively productive industries and industries with great potential in the slow-growing economy of Senegal. The identification of such industries allows for economic structure adjustment resulting in a higher gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate.Aim: The aim of the study is to identify Senegalese long-term revealed comparative advantages and to estimate Senegalese latent comparative advantages. The analysis is focused solely on manufacturing industries because industrialisation serves as an engine of growth in developing countries.Setting: The analysis is carried out on endowment structure and international trade data (1995–2015) of Senegal and appropriate comparator economies (Tanzania, Cambodia, Lao, Vietnam and Cape Verde).Methods: To identify revealed comparative advantages, we calculate the normalised revealed comparative advantage index. To estimate latent comparative advantages, we employ a growth identification and facilitation framework. The methodology is slightly modified because the estimation is based on long-term revealed comparative advantages comparisons (rather than export shares comparisons).Results: We argue that the relatively productive manufacturing industries (with revealed comparative advantage) include chemicals and manufactured goods classified chiefly by various materials. Furthermore, Senegal may have unexploited potential (i.e. latent comparative advantage) in footwear and particularly in apparel production.Conclusion: In order to accelerate GDP growth rate, Senegal should focus on developing the above mentioned industries to align its economic structure with the comparative advantages and also to promote industrialisation.

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