scholarly journals Coherent Mortality Forecasting for the Algerian Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 209-231
Author(s):  
Farid Flici
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mortality Forecasting ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Males And Females

Mortality forecasting is much needed for population projections and actuarial calculations. Forecasting mortality of males and females in an independent way leads in most of cases to some incoherence regarding the expected male-female mortality evolution. To avoid a possible unrealistic convergence/divergence in this sense, a coherent mortality forecasting is required. In this paper, we compare the performance of two coherent models, namely the model of Li and Lee (2005) and that of Hyndman et al. (2013) on forecasting male and female mortality of the Algerian population. Results show that the first model provides better goodness-of-fit but less coherence compared to the second one.

scholarly journals Prediction of mono and multiphasic growth parameters of broilers (Short Communication)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
M. Mendeş
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. The main objective of this study was to predict mono and multiphasic growth model parameters of broilers. For this purpose daily body weights-age data of 106 male and female chickens reared under different stocking densities (GR1=11 birds/m2 , GR2=17 birds/m2 and GR3=25 birds/m2) were used. Results of mono and multiphasic (diphasic and triphasic) growth curve analyses showed that defining the growth of birds using multiphasic growth models instead of monophasic growth models, displays more detailed and reliable results. Based on goodness-of-fit criteria, lead to the choice of a triphasic logistic growth function for GR1 and GR2, and diphasic function for GR3 males and females.

scholarly journals Growth characteristics of noiler chickens as determined by nonlinear algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
J. Adamu ◽  
A. Y. Shuaibu ◽  
A. O. Raji
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

The assessment of growth characteristics of noilers chickens as determined by non- linear algorithms will provide the best mathematical function in the growth of male and female noilers chickens This study sought to determine the adequacy of two mathematical functions for modeling growth characteristics of male and female Noiler® chickens. Body weights and morphometric traits of 200 Noiler chickens were measured bimonthly for 20 weeks and the data obtained fitted to the Gompertz and Logistic growth models using the nonlinear regression. The results showed significant (P<0.05) difference between males and females only at 16, 18 and 20 weeks of age, with values of 2316.2 vs 2121.9 g, 2624.3 vs 2378.1 g, and 3002.7 vs 2718.7g, respectively. There were no discernable differences between males and females for most body measurements except body length which was longer in the latter than former from 14 weeks of age. The asymptomatic weight (A) of the models revealed that Gompertz model had higher values for both male and female Noilers than the Logistic for body weight and all morphometric traits. The reverse was observed with the scale parameter 2 (B) and relative growth rate (C) for all traits. The coefficient of determination (R ) values for both models (male and female) were generally high (>80%) indicating a good fit for the data. The other goodness of fit criteria; Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and standard deviation (SD) were lower for the Gompertz compared to Logistic for both male and female. Thus, the study revealed that the Gompertz was the better model for explaining the growth patterns of both male and female Noiler chickens.     L'évaluation des caractéristiques de croissance des poulets de Noilers tels que déterminées par des algorithmes non linéaires fournira la meilleure fonction mathématique de la croissance des poulets de Noilers masculins et féminins. Cette étude a cherché à déterminer l'adéquation de deux fonctions mathématiques pour la modélisation des caractéristiques de croissance des poulets mâles et femelles Noiler. Les poids corporels et les traits morphométriques de 200 poulets nilaques ont été mesurés bimenshly pendant 20 semaines et les données obtenues dans les modèles de Gompertz et croissance logistiques utilisant la régression non linéaire. Les résultats ont montré une différence significative (p <0,05) entre les mâles et les femmes seulement à 16, 18 et 20 semaines, avec des valeurs de 2316,2 vs 2121,9 g, 2624.3 contre 2378,1 g et 3002,7 vs 2718.7g, respectivement. Il n'y avait pas de  différences discernables entre les hommes et les femmes pour la plupart des mesures du corps, à l'exception de la longueur du corps, ce qui était plus long que l'ancien de 14 semaines. Le poids asymptomatique (A) des modèles a révélé que le modèle de Gompertz avait des valeurs plus élevées pour les noilers mâles et femelles que la logistique pour le poids corporel et tous les traits morphométriques. L'inverse a été observé avec le paramètre d'échelle (B) et le taux de croissance relative (C) pour tous les traits. Le coefficient de valeurs de détermination (R ) pour les deux modèles (hommes et femmes) était généralement élevé (> 80%) indiquant un bon ajustement pour les données. L'autre bonté des critères d'ajustement; Le critère d'information Akaike (CIA) et l'écart type (ET) étaient plus bas pour le Gompertz par rapport à la logistique pour les hommes et les femmes. Ainsi, l'étude a révélé que le Gompertz était le meilleur modèle d'explication des schémas de croissance des poulets mâles et femelles Noilers. 

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Landon Jossy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

scholarly journals Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Leon Deutsch ◽  
Damjan Osredkar ◽  
Janez Plavec ◽  
Blaž Stres
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

scholarly journals Stem cell treatment improves post stroke neurological outcomes: a comparative study in male and female rats

2021 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000834
Author(s):  
Koteswara Rao Nalamolu ◽  
Bharath Chelluboina ◽  
Casimir A Fornal ◽  
Siva Reddy Challa ◽  
David M Pinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females

Background and purposeThe therapeutic potential of different stem cells for ischaemic stroke treatment is intriguing and somewhat controversial. Recent results from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential benefits of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a rodent stroke model. We hypothesised that MSC treatment would effectively promote the recovery of sensory and motor function in both males and females, despite any apparent sex differences in post stroke brain injury.MethodsTransient focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Following the procedure, male and female rats of the untreated group were euthanised 1 day after reperfusion and their brains were used to estimate the resulting infarct volume and tissue swelling. Additional groups of stroke-induced male and female rats were treated with MSC or vehicle and were subsequently subjected to a battery of standard neurological/neurobehavioral tests (Modified Neurological Severity Score assessment, adhesive tape removal, beam walk and rotarod). The tests were administered at regular intervals (at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14) after reperfusion to determine the time course of neurological and functional recovery after stroke.ResultsThe infarct volume and extent of swelling of the ischaemic brain were similar in males and females. Despite similar pathological stroke lesions, the clinical manifestations of stroke were more pronounced in males than females, as indicated by the neurological scores and other tests. MSC treatment significantly improved the recovery of sensory and motor function in both sexes, and it demonstrated efficacy in both moderate stroke (females) and severe stroke (males).ConclusionsDespite sex differences in the severity of post stroke outcomes, MSC treatment promoted the recovery of sensory and motor function in male and female rats, suggesting that it may be a promising treatment for stroke.

Mammalian exocrine secretions XIX. Chemical characterization of the interdigital secretion of the Black Wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Barend V. Burger ◽  
Desmond Slade ◽  
Marlize Z. Bekker ◽  
Aron H. Goitom
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black Wildebeest ◽  
Connochaetes Gnou ◽  
Electron Impact Mass ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Strong Attachment ◽  
Impact Mass ◽  
Acid Esters

AbstractUsing gas chromatography (GC) in conjunction with electron impact mass spectrometry and retention-time comparison, 94 compounds, ranging from 2-methyl-2-propenal to octadecanoic acid, were identified in the interdigital secretions of male and female black wildebeests, Connochaetes gnou (also known as the white-tailed gnu). The constituents of these secretions belong to many different compound classes, including hydrocarbons, alcohols, aromatics and aliphatic carbonyl compounds including carboxylic acids as well as carboxylic acid esters. Relatively small quantitative differences were found between the male and female interdigital secretions. It was concluded that these compounds probably do not play a significant role in territorial marking or in chemical communication between males and females of the species, but they could be involved in preserving the remarkably strong attachment between members of social subgroups in black wildebeest populations.

scholarly journals Inter-Limb Jump Asymmetries and Their Association with Sport-Specific Performance in Young Male and Female Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7324
Author(s):  
Max I. Phukan ◽  
Rohit K. Thapa ◽  
Gopal Kumar ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Level Of Agreement

This study aimed to examine inter-limb jump asymmetries and their association with sport-specific performance in young swimmers. Thirty-eight (male, n = 19; female, n = 19) regional/national level young swimmers (age: 12.3 ± 1.2 years; height: 159.6 ± 8.2 cm; body mass: 52.5 ± 9.2 kg) participated in this study. Inter-limb asymmetries were assessed for single-leg countermovement jump (SLCMJ) and single-leg standing long jump (SLSLJ). Sport-specific performance was evaluated using front crawl (i.e., 50 m and 25 m) and front crawl kick (i.e., 50 m and 25 m). The kappa coefficient revealed a “slight” level of agreement (Κ = 0.156, 0.184, and 0.197 for female, male, and all, respectively) between the direction of asymmetry for SLCMJ and SLSLJ, indicating that asymmetries rarely favored the same limb during both tests. A paired sample t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.025) between asymmetry scores obtained in SLCMJ and SLSLJ. No significant difference was found in asymmetry scores between males and females (p = 0.099 to 0.977). Additionally, no association between asymmetry scores and sport-specific performance was observed (p > 0.05). Our findings highlight the independent nature of inter-limb asymmetries derived from SLCMJ and SLSLJ among young male and female swimmers. Further, our results suggest no association between jumping asymmetries and sport-specific performance.

Profile of a short-acting κ-antagonist, LY2795050, on self-grooming behaviors, forced swim test and locomotor activity: sex comparison in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199688
Author(s):  
Eduardo R Butelman ◽  
Caroline Baynard ◽  
Bryan D McElroy ◽  
Thomas E Prisinzano ◽  
Mary Jeanne Kreek
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Κ Receptor

Background: Novel short-acting κ(kappa)-opioid receptor selective antagonists are translational tools to examine the impact of the κ-receptor/dynorphin system in assays related to central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., substance use disorders, anhedonia and depression). The effects of such compounds have been compared in males and females under very limited conditions. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine potential sex differences in the effects of a κ-agonist and a short-acting κ-antagonist in an ethologically relevant test of anhedonia, the “splash test” of self-grooming, and also in the forced swim test and in locomotor activity. Methods: We examined the dose-dependence of grooming deficits caused by the κ-agonist U50,488 (0.1–3.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in gonadally intact adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. We then compared the effects of the short-acting κ-antagonist LY2795050 ((3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide)); 0.032–0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in blocking grooming deficits caused by U50,488 (3.2 mg/kg). The effects of LY2795050 were also studied in the forced swim test (FST). The effects of LY2795050 in blocking the locomotor depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg) were also studied. Results: U50,488 produced dose-dependent grooming deficits in male and female mice, and LY2795050 prevented these effects. In contrast, LY2795050 decreased immobility in the FST in males at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, but not in females, up to a dose of 0.32 mg/kg. Also, LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg) prevented and also reversed the locomotor-depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg), in males and females. Conclusions: This study further implicates the κ-receptor system in ethologically relevant aspects of anhedonia, and confirms sexual dimorphism in some behavioral effects of novel κ-antagonists.

scholarly journals The impact of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on male and female mortality. A randomised trial from Guinea-Bissau

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe Yakymenko ◽  
Christine S Benn ◽  
Cesario Martins ◽  
Birgitte R Diness ◽  
Ane B Fisker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Doses
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