Rule Following, Standards of Practice, and Open-mindedness

Paideusis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
James Scott Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Working Through ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Ontario College Of Teachers

In this paper, I discuss the Ontario College of Teachers’ most recent versions of the Standards of Practice with William Hare’s counsel on being open-minded regarding open-mindedness in mind. Specifically, I insist that the use of the Standards of Practice as guidelines for working through cases of professional and ethical issues requires yet another rule to indicate when to deviate from this or that standard. In this way, open-mindedness consists of developing and following rules to indicate when and where specific standards should be bypassed. These rules vary, however, one source of these can be found in what Barbara Herman has called, “Rules of Moral Salience”—rules that guide us in our day-to-day moral decision-making and that we draw on when called upon to make moral-ethical judgments. What this means for various ethics (ethics of care; Kantian-type ethics, psychological and/or developmental accounts of ethics) is also broached.

scholarly journals Ethics of justice vs the ethics of care in moral decision making

Curationis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Botes
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Care Team ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Theories

The question to be addressed in this paper is : How can the ethics of justice and the ethics of care be used complementary to each other in ethical decision making within the health care team? Various arguments are presented that justify the reasons that the ethics of justice and the ethics of care should be used complementary to each other for effective ethical decision making within the health care team. The objective is to explore and describe the compatibility of the ethics of justice and the ethics of care from two perspectives: firstly an analysis of the characteristics of the two ethical theories, and secondly the scientific-philosophical viewpoints of these theories. The two theories are incompatible when viewed from these perspectives. For a probable solution to this incompatibility arguments are presented from the perspectives of reflection and virtue-based ethics.

scholarly journals Ethical dilemmas in psychiatry: When teams disagree

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Silva ◽  
Alex Till ◽  
Gwen Adshead
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Persuasion

SummaryMany ethical dilemmas in medicine are associated with highly unusual clinical situations and are an almost daily challenge for mental health teams. We describe the ethical issues that arose in relation to a significant difference of opinion between team members about using nasogastric clozapine in the treatment of a severely ill patient. We discuss how conflicting emotions and perspectives within teams acquire ethical significance and how negotiation and reflection are essential for good-quality ethical reasoning to take place.Learning Objectives• Understand the different effects and importance of reasoning and emotions in moral decision-making• Use a clinical scenario involving a difficult and controversial procedure to explore the impact of social persuasion in moral decision-making• Consider the effects of heuristics against rational thinking

An Unethical Ethic: Self-Determination and the Anthropological Conscience

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Castile
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Plural Societies

The continuing problem of ethics and the applied anthropologist is addressed in terms of the utility of a principle of self determination. It is suggested that it is no part of the business of scientists to make ethical judgments based on some ethnocentric and subjective morality and only a procedural ethic built on the understandings of anthropology has any relevance. The preservation of variation in plural societies as a step toward increasing evolutionary potential through a model of incorporative change is proposed as such a procedural ethic with the special virtue of placing moral decision making as to the nature of change into the hands of those who are to undergo the change.

Leadership, morality and ethics: Developing a practical model for moral decision-making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred W. Kaszniak ◽  
Cynda H. Rushton ◽  
Joan Halifax
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Contemplative Science ◽  
Practical Model

The present paper is the product of collaboration between a neuroscientist, an ethicist, and a contemplative exploring issues around leadership, morality, and ethics. It is an exploration on how people in roles of responsibility can better understand how to engage in discernment processes with more awareness and a deeper sense of responsibility for others and themselves. It draws upon recent research and scholarship in neuroscience, contemplative science, and applied ethics to develop a practical understanding of how moral decision-making works and is essential in this time when there can seem to be an increasing moral vacuum in leadership.

Framing Morality: How Antecedent-Focused Strategies Can Shape Moral Judgments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kappes ◽  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
First Response ◽  
High Conflict

From moral philosophy to programming driverless cars, scholars have long been interested in how to shape moral decision-making. We examine how framing can impact moral judgments either by shaping which emotional reactions are evoked in a situation (antecedent-focused) or by changing how people respond to their emotional reactions (response-focused). In three experiments, we manipulated the framing of a moral decision-making task before participants judged a series of moral dilemmas. Participants encouraged to go “with their first” response beforehand favored emotion-driven judgments on high-conflict moral dilemmas. In contrast, participants who were instructed to give a “thoughtful” response beforehand or who did not receive instructions on how to approach the dilemmas favored reason-driven judgments. There was no difference in response-focused control during moral judgements. Process-dissociation confirmed that people instructed to go with their first response had stronger emotion-driven intuitions than other conditions. Our results suggest that task framing can alter moral intuitions.

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