scholarly journals Major John Richardson

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Alan James Finlayson
Keyword(s):  
War Of 1812 ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Canadian Literature ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
National Spirit ◽  
Upper Canadian ◽  
Source Materials

Major John Richardson has been recognized as “the father” of Canadian literature as well an early historian of the War of 1812 but his writings, rich in detail and highly autobiographical, have not been sufficiently appreciated by historians as valuable historical source materials. Yet they provide accurate portrayals of contemporary Upper Canadian perceptions and attitudes similar to those found in the writings of the more popular Brock, Strachan, Mackenzie, Robinson, Baldwin, and Ryerson. Richardson also deserves greater recognition for his role as a Canadian patriot and nationalist. Despite living abroad, he consistently proclaimed himself “a Canadian”, and hoped, through his works, to “infuse” into the Canadian community “a spirit of National literature.” His writings reflect the pride and emerging Canadian national spirit and as such merit greater attention by historians.

Oral Testimony as Historical Source Material for the Reconstruction of the Judicial History of Shipping in India (1600-1800)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Kamruzzman Chowdhary
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Oral Testimony ◽  
History Of ◽  
Judicial History ◽  
Source Materials

This study was an attempt to understand how the available alternative source materials, such as oral testimonies can serve as valuable assets to unveiling certain aspects of maritime history in India. A number of themes in maritime history in India failed to get the attention of the generation of historians, because of the paucity of written documents. Unlike in Europe, the penning down of shipping activities was not a concern for the authorities at the port in India. The pamphlets and newsletters declared the scheduled departure of the ship in Europe but, in India, this was done verbally. Therefore, maritime history in India remained marginalised. Hence, in this article, I make an endeavour to perceive how the oral testimonies can help shed some new light on certain aspects of maritime history in India, such as life on the ship, maritime practices, and perceptions among the littoral people in coastal societies. This article also outlines an approach on how the broader question on the transformation of scattered maritime practices among coastal societies can be adapted and transferred into an organised institution of law by the nineteenth century, and how these can be pursued in future. I also suggest in this article that the role of Europeans, especially the British, in the process of transformation, can be investigated further through oral testimonies in corroboration with the colonial archival records.

Social Class and the Family Compact: the Class System in the Cataraqui Townships, Ernestown, and Kingston from 1791-1820

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holdsworth
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Class System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Family ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Upper Canadian ◽  
Post War

Scholars have often assumed that the Upper Canadian social class system was shaped by a hierarchical and landed patronage system known as the Family Compact. Based on the views of Bishop John Strachan and Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe, this Family Compact is viewed as a post-War of 1812 development and is said to replace the oligarchy that was in place in 1791. An examination of the Loyalist settlement townships, in particular Ernestown Township and the Cataraqui Townships, suggests instead that a mercantile aristocracy of patronage and wealth existed by 1791, including Richard Cartwright Jr. of Kingston, along with rural leaders such as the Fairfields and Parrotts of Ernestown. This study of a key and complex time and place challenges prevailing views on class and class consciousness in Upper Canada and refines our understanding of this society. Such an investigation is timely given both the seeming unwillingness of historians to fully challenge existing depictions of the Upper Canadian class system, despite their noticeable flaws, and the impending commemorations of the War of 1812. Using archival documents ( accounts and letters) relating to two Loyalist/merchant families (the Parrotts and the Fairfields) along with a re-interpretation of secondary sources, a new view of a “Merchant Compact” is explored. This approach encompasses the changing relations of the settlements in question (Ernestown/Bath and Kingston) and shows the importance of previously neglected figures such as James Parrott. More broadly, it contributes new layers of analysis to the discussion of class consciousness in Upper Canada.

scholarly journals Constructing Innocence: Representations of Sexual Violence in Upper Canada’s War of 1812

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsbeth Heaman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Press ◽  
Upper Canadian ◽  
Political Differences

This essay explores the way in which rape was represented in Upper Canada circa 1812. It draws upon a broadly defined Upper Canadian print culture that drew upon and reacted against wider trends, especially those prevalent in the United States. Whereas American newspapers spoke openly of sexual violence against American women during the War of 1812, Upper Canadian sources tended to suppress any such discussion, for reasons that reflect profound cultural and political differences. Americans stoked a rowdy, popular patriotism that Canadians distrusted and sought to avert. The analysis of national differences is contextualized within broader changes in the ways that rape was constructed in the press and the courts over the first half of the nineteenth century, in ways that worked to muffle women’s public voice. But the War of 1812’s most famous heroine, Laura Secord, was not silenced. Writing almost half a century later, Secord challenged discursive conventions of gender when she had her say and made herself a hero. The final section examines how Secord and her early commentators interwove literary signals of danger and respectability in their published accounts.

scholarly journals „Romantyczne” podróże Augusta Bielowskiego

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kawalec ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
The Future ◽  
Folk Stories ◽  
Source Materials

In the second half of the 1920s and in the 1930s Lviv had more and more to offer for young people. The buoyantly developing university, reactivated in 1817, attracted Galician youth, wanting to obtain academic education in order to have a stable existence in the future. Although the fully Germanised Lviv university was far from cultivating patriotic attitudes, thanks to several professors, gradually but efficiently, the deeply hidden desires were awaken. The first literary journals published by the Chłędowski brothers, the Lviv theatre managed by Jan Nepomucen Kamiński, the works by Aleksander Fredro – all of this created an atmosphere which fostered self-education and the first independent literary attempts made by students among whom leaders emerged, able to gather a group of friends and to motivate them to work in the field of literature and historic past. August Bielowski was one of such organisers of cultural life in Lviv and, consequently, the literary group in later years called “Ziewonia” was created around his figure. The present study is dedicated to the initial period of Bielowski’s literary activity, who, along with his friends, looked for new and original sources of national literature. He noticed them in folk and Slavic works. The study describes Bielowski’s travels in Galicia, the aim of which was to prove the validity of his thesis and to gather source materials (songs, folk stories, beliefs, customs which preserved traditions cultivated throughout centuries, sometimes even from pagan times). Subsequently, they were used as the basis for the poets’ literary activity. The descriptions of travels reflect the atmosphere, character and conditions in which they took place. They show virgin nature, abound in poetic depictions of landscapes, show genuine fascination of folklore and reveal the beginnings of the formation of professional ethnographic, archaeological and historic research.

scholarly journals Upper Canada Preserved

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Nathan Ewen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
War Of 1812 ◽  
Upper Canada ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Canadian Identity ◽  
Conscious Effort ◽  
Citizen Soldiers ◽  
Upper Canadian

Following the end of the War of 1812, there was a conscious effort on the part of prominent Upper Canadians to immortalize the deeds and contributions of the Canadian Militia. Hugely overstating their meagre efforts,  these figures claimed the lions share of victory for the citizen soldiers, ignoring the far more meaningful and significant effect that British redcoats and Indigenous warriors had in defeating the Americans. By creating this myth these prominent men, many of whom served in the militia, sought to enrich and entrench their positions in Upper Canadian society. Additionally, this Militia Myth helped form a new sense of Canadian identity (a specifically British version of it), that would be crucial in fostering a new nationalism that would emerge in mid-19th century Upper Canada.

SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT AND RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVES FOR DOMES-TIC VIOLENCE IN MEZAM DIVISION, CAMEROON, A HISTORICAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Eugene Muambeh Muntoh
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Source Materials

The socio-cultural and religious setting of Mezam division remains principal factors perpetuating domestic violence in several Mezam communities. Alarming rates of domestic violence greatly troubled majority of women who face a lot of challenges leaving abusive relationships. This paper critically examines the socio-cultural setting and religious perspectives of domestic violence in Mezam division. Primary and secondary source materials were consulted and from them, the paper contends that the dynamics in the socio-cultural setting of Mezam communities greatly influenced and perpetuated domestic violence. The people’s perceptions and attitudes towards domestic violence where shaped by their culture and traditional practices. The study revealed that religious believes such as Christianity and Islam equally had a major role to play as far as condoning and perpetuating domestic vio-lence was concern.

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