scholarly journals Voice in The “Long 20th Century”: From Mechanical to Electrical Aurality1

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Larrue
Keyword(s):  
Human Voice ◽  
A Value ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
First Sound ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
Sound Reproduction Technologies ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Mediated Presence ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Media Practices

The use of microphones in theatre today is so common that it is hard to believe how recent this practice is and, more importantly, that it has provoked such long standing and fierce resistance. The fact is that the theatre, which very quickly integrated the electric lamp (at the end of the 19th century) into its technical arsenal, waited more than a century before resorting to microphones to relay the voices of the actors. Technological imperfections alone are not sufficient to explain this deferment since, between the emergence of the first sound reproduction technologies in the late 1870s (microphone, phonograph, telephone) and the 21st century, four distinct media have enjoyed considerable success on account of these technologies : records, radio, cinema and television. This article argues is that such delay was due to an ideological positioning by which the theatre tried to affirm its ontological superiority over the other media practices by establishing itself as the ultimate refuge of “authenticity” by virtue of the simultaneous – and non-technologically mediated – presence of the actor and the spectator in a single space. In this context, the human voice of theatre took on a highly symbolic value, that of unadulterated authenticity, a value which seemed perverted everywhere else.

scholarly journals Seven Unknown Drawings by Luigi Manini

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-260
Author(s):  
Luís Manuel Sêrro
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Art Exhibition ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
The 19Th Century

Luigi Manini, set designer at the Nacional Theatre of S. Carlos lived in the second half of the 19th century, which was characterized, in the field of aesthetics, by the transition from romanticism to naturalism. This article aims to analyze seven unknown drawings by Luigi Manini, as an expression and illustration of this artistic period. For this, we analyse the three major periods of art exhibition by Hegel in his work Aesthetics. Integrated in this analysis the evolution of artistic expression, with more emphasis, is illustrated the study of ornamentation, its nature, its importance in stylistic participation and, along its journey, the variation between the expression plane and the content plane that the ornament, as a sign, suffered. To conclude this journey, romanticism, used ornamentation as an evocative element of cultural styles and cultures, consistent with the essence of romanticism: a sublime expression. But in its final phase, romanticism evolved into naturalism that manifests, not the differentiated architectural element, but its collective nature. Urbanism is a social response of Architecture. The ornament loses, at this time, its symbolic value, but maintains its expression plan that was developed with an appreciation of its plastic value. It’s the ornate by the ornate that keeps, still, more time in Belle Époque; in Art Nouveau and Art Deco, to disappear completely in Modernism. These drawings, from an affirmation phase of Luigi Manini’s, are integrated at this time, and their analysis will be concluded from the historical conclusion of this article.

Onomatopoeic Mimesis in Plato, Republic 396b–397c

1973 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Old Comedy ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
As If

Two related passages in the discussion of mimesis in this part of The Republic are in question here:Commentators and translators generally agree that Socrates is referring to the effect of imitations of such sounds in performances of drama or dithyramb, and that the mimesis in question is the result of ‘identification’ on the part of spectators. As Adam puts it: ‘In good acting the spectator identifies himself with the actor through sympathy; and as the actor “imitates” so does he.’ Since several of the sounds mentioned would be difficult to imitate effectively by the human voice, Adam and others suggest that the imitative sounds were produced by musical effects and stage-machines (such as the βροντϵȋον). They note that the later ‘degenerate’ dithyrambic performances aimed at mimetic effects of this kind; and so too, of course, did Old Comedy. The three main points in this generally accepted interpretation are:(a) the mimesis mentioned here is largely a matter of musical reproduction of the sounds listed;(b) the mimesis consists of direct mimicry of these sounds;(c) Socrates is referring to dramatic and dithyrambic performances.There are objections to all of these points. First, against the notion that musical mimesis is primarily or mainly intended: up to this point in the discussion Socrates has confined his remarks to literature. He concludes his literary discussion quite specifically in 398b: ‘Now it looks as if we have completed our survey of the words and myths of μουσική.’ Then he explicitly goes on to consider ‘after this’ the remaining matter, namely, the right kind of ᾠδή and μέλος for the education of the Guardians.

Avec Goldoni à travers l’Europe

Revue Romane ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-119
Author(s):  
Steen Jansen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper looks at how a given text, Carlo Goldoni’s comedy Un curioso accidente, has been translated, received and used in different adaptations in France, Germany and Denmark. In France and Germany the comedy is met with great interest already in the 18th century, mostly through very different adaptations (in France by François Roger and in Germany by Johann Christian Bock) used with considerable success on stage, less for the actual translations. Later the comedy was forgotten in those two countries. In the rest of Europe, the comedy is not translated till the 19th century ; in Denmark it is discovered about 1850, not least because Johanne Louise Heiberg, leading actress at the Royal Theatre, is enchanted by the female lead character Giannina. At the end of the century the play is restaged, but now — in agreement with the general spirit of the time — in much more realistic productions by William Bloch.

scholarly journals «Descubrir» y «descubrirse» en el románico: un ejemplo catalán de patrimonio de la humanidad

CEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Maria Garganté Llanes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Romanesque Art ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of this work is to present a case study on the identification between Romanesque art and national identity in Catalonia, an association that emerged in the framework of the emergence of national movements at the end of the 19th century, but that was recovered a century later when the process for the declaration of the Romanesque churches of the Boí Valley as a world heritage site by UNESCO began. The identification of the Romanesque with a «national art» is reinforced in this case because it is a Romanesque art located in the heart of the Pyrenees, with the strong symbolic value of the mountain as the «cradle» of the Catalan nation. We will analyse the World Heritage process and its effects in the context of a small territory, with a scarce population and dependent to a great extent on the seasonality of tourism.

“The Fatherland is not in Geography...”: on the Issue of the Evolution of Traditional Spiritual and Political Values of Russian Civilization*

2021 ◽  
Vol 35.5 ◽  
pp. 263-283
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Perevezentsev ◽  
Olga E. Puchnina ◽  
Alexander B. Strakhov ◽  
Adelina A. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Political Values ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Russian Intellectual History ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the study of Russian traditional basic values. On the basis of the traditionalist-conservative approach, the authors investigate the origin and substantial evolution of the concept of “fatherland” in the public consciousness of the Russian people. The study of a large number of various sources on Russian intellectual history allows to conclude that the concept of “fatherland” began to appear in chronicles, literary and spiritual-political monuments relatively early – already from the 10th century, but then it had the meaning of “hereditary property”, “ancestral possession”. Meanwhile, already in the 12th–17th centuries, the use of the concept «fatherland» in the meaning of “homeland”, “native land” were found sometimes, and since the 18th century the notion “Fatherland” was finally entrenched with the value content of patriotic love and service for the benefit of one's native country. In the 19th century in Russia, the notion of “love for the Fatherland” received a variety of interpretations, enriched with new meanings and contexts, but retained its significance as one of the most important social values and civic virtues. The authors of the article conclude that despite the cardinal transformations of the social, economic and political structure of Russia in the beginning of the 20th century, the concept of “Fatherland” as a value has retained its basic significance for Russian civilization, since it is a fundamental spiritual and political ideal and is directly related to the formation of political identity.

AUTOIONIZATION AND AUGER SPECTRA OF C60 FILMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARGE SCREENING AND TRANSPORT

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (23n24) ◽  
pp. 3923-3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Brühwiler ◽  
A.J. Maxwell ◽  
N. Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orbital ◽  
Correlation Energy ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Excited Electron ◽  
Coulomb Correlation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Auger Spectra ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
C60 Films ◽  
Electron Wavefunction

We have measured the spectator autoionization shift of C 60 near the C 1s threshold, and compared it to the Coulomb correlation energy U found by another spectroscopic method. We find that the U we obtain is smaller by a factor of 30% than a prior result, due to a calibration difference. The spectator shift can be comparable to U , with a value that decreases as the excited electron wavefunction becomes more diffuse. This indicates that screening effects vary drastically with molecular orbital.

scholarly journals Spectators, the XXI student

Comunicar ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Virginia-Silvina Funes
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The Media ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Flow Of Information

Nowadays, teachers often face apathethic and demotivated pupils. Nevertheless, these students do not show either apathy or demotivation when they stop being students and become spectators: of television, of cinema, of new technologies, of PC displays. If in the 19th century we had citizens and in the 20th century we had speakers, in 21th century we have the figure of the spectator, whose main social experience is the multiplicity of connections with the flow of information. If school was created to learn reading and writing, what do we have to learn watching? It seems that the media youngsters should teach us the way to. Cotidianamente los profesores de los centros educativos se enfrentan con un alumnado apático y desmotivado. Sin embargo, ni apatía ni desmotivación es lo que demuestran cuando dejan de ser alumnos y se convierten en espectadores de televisión, de cine, de las tecnologías, de las pantallas del PC. Si en el siglo XIX tenemos al ciudadano, y en el XX tenemos al parlante, en el siglo XXI tenemos la figura del espectador, cuya experiencia social fundamental es la experiencia de la multiplicidad de conexiones con el flujo de la información. Si para aprender a leer y a escribir inventamos la escuela, ¿qué dispositivos tenemos para aprender a mirar? Parece que tenemos que aprender nosotros de los jóvenes mediáticos.

scholarly journals Analysis of consumers’ negative perceptions of health tracking in insurance – a value sacrifice approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Talonen ◽  
Jukka Mähönen ◽  
Lasse Koskinen ◽  
Päivikki Kuoppakangas
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Digital Ethics ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
A Value ◽  
Health Tracking ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
Interactive Health

Purpose This paper explores and identifies customer-value-related sacrifices that consumers attach to interactive health/life insurance. This paper aims to increase understanding of why individual consumers are not willing to embrace behaviour-tracking-based insurance applications. Design/methodology/approach The authors analysed data from a qualitative survey of Finnish insurance consumers who were not keen on adopting interactive insurance products. Findings Developed through thematic analysis, the framework presented in this paper illustrates consumers’ value sacrifices on four dimensions: economic, functional, emotional and symbolic value. Research limitations/implications The framework and insights emerging in the study hold several implications related to increased understanding of consumers’ perceptions of insurance and to developing interactive insurance services. In addition, this work provides a promising foundation and avenues for further considerations related to digital ethics in insurance. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first piece applying a value sacrifice perspective in studying consumers’ unwillingness to adopt interactive insurance products.

scholarly journals Art Casting in Portuguese 19th Century Industrial Foundries: A Multi-Analytical Study of an Emblematic Copper-Based Alloy Monument

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3050-3064
Author(s):  
Pablo General-Toro ◽  
Rui Bordalo ◽  
Patrícia Raquel Moreira ◽  
Eduarda Vieira ◽  
Antonio Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Minor Elements ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
Outdoor Sculpture ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Copper Based Alloy

The outdoor sculpture of the first Portuguese king, D. Afonso Henriques (c. 1109–1185 AD), placed in Guimarães (North Portugal), is one of the most emblematic national sculptures. Created in 1887 by António Soares dos Reis, it possesses a remarkable symbolic value in the presumed birthplace of the king. In addition to the artistic and heritage importance of the monument, it is one of the few sculptures cast by a Portuguese industrial foundry in the 19th century. This study obtained data on the sculpture’s elemental composition and corrosion products, gathering important historical and technical information. For this purpose, a multi-analytical approach consisting of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) was carried out to characterise the bulk metal and corrosion layers. The data revealed a ternary alloy of Cu, Sn and Zn, with Pb, Fe, As, Bi and Mn as minor elements. The alloy matches that of other sculptures cast in that period. In terms of corrosion, it is characterised by the presence of oxides. These results represent the first step for applying an appropriate conservation strategy for bronze sculptures with similar characteristics.

Penyelidikan Berteraskan Nilai dalam Pandangan Ahli Sains Muslim Silam

Sains Insani ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Mohd Syahmir Alias
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Method ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Research Concept ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

Through the introduction of value-free research concept in the 19th century by Western scholars, researchers both in the field of natural sciences and social sciences generally focus on the matter of facts without taking into consideration the issues of value arising from their research. Based on this statement, an important value-based research concept must be created by looking at the view of scholars before the rise of Western research activities. Therefore, this paper generally aims to identify the values that should exist in research. Specifically, this paper analyzes the views of previous Muslim scientists to formulate a value-based research concept. In order to do this, this paper takes into account the views of previous Muslim scientists such as Averroes and Alhazen through document study by the collecting the data from their works. Then, it is analyzed using a content analysis method. As a result, this paper found that the values inherent in the research of previous Muslim scientists such as acknowledgement of God’s oneness, justice, truthfulness, and sincerity do not directly affect their research activities, which deviates from scientific facts. In fact, these values give them the impact to commit hardly in achieving the truth. Keywords: Research; value; truthfulness; justice; Islamic thought ABSTRAK: Melalui pengenalan konsep penyelidikan bebas nilai pada abad ke-19 oleh sarjana Barat sama ada dalam bidang sains tabii mahupun sains sosial, para penyelidik secara umumnya hanya menumpukan kepada kebenaran fakta tanpa mengambil kira isu-isu nilai yang timbul hasil daripada penyelidikan mereka. Berdasarkan pernyataan ini, suatu konsep penyelidikan berteraskan nilai dilihat penting diwujudkan dengan melihat pandangan-pandangan sarjana sebelum kebangkitan aktiviti penyelidikan di Barat. Oleh itu, makalah ini secara umum bertujuan mengenal pasti nilai-nilai yang seharusnya wujud dalam penyelidikan. Secara khusus, makalah ini menganalisis pandangan ahli-ahli sains Muslim silam untuk merumuskan suatu konsep penyelidikan berteraskan nilai. Bagi melaksanakannya, makalah ini mengambil kira pandangan ahli-ahli sains Muslim silam seperti Ibn Rushd dan Ibn al-Haytham melalui kajian dokumen yang dilakukan dengan pemerolehan data daripada karya-karya mereka. Ia kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Hasilnya, makalah ini mendapati nilai-nilai yang wujud dalam penyelidikan ahli-ahli sains Muslim silam seperti nilai ketauhidan, keadilan, kejujuran, dan keikhlasan tidak langsung menjejaskan aktiviti penyelidikan mereka kepada penyelidikan yang menyimpang daripada fakta yang saintifik. Malah, nilai-nilai ini memberi impak untuk mereka lebih komited menggapai kebenaran. Kata kunci: Penyelidikan; nilai, kejujuran; keadilan; pemikiran Islam  

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