scholarly journals Managing Antimicrobial Resistance in Food Production: Conflicts of interest and politics in the development of public health policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-169
Author(s):  
Bryn Williams-Jones ◽  
Béatrice Doizé
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern and is associated with the over- or inappropriate use of antimicrobials in both humans and agriculture. While there has been recognition of this problem on the part of agricultural and public health authorities, there has nonetheless been significant difficulty in translating policy recommendations into practical guidelines. In this paper, we examine the process of public health policy development in Quebec agriculture, with a focus on the case of pork production and the role of food animal veterinarians in policy making.We argue that a tendency to employ strictly techno-scientific risk analyses of antimicrobial use ignores the fundamental social, economic and political realities of key stakeholders and so limits the applicability of policy recommendations developed by government advisory groups. In particular, we suggest that veterinarians’ personal and professional interests, and their ethical norms of practice, are key factors to both the problem of and the solution to the current over-reliance on antimicrobials in food production.

An Overview of Ethics, Public Health Policy, and Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 813-819
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Hyder ◽  
David M. Bishai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Programs ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethical Implications

An understanding of what influences policy decisions, what determines investments for specific public health interventions, and how agreements are made regarding new programs in public health is crucial for helping navigate the ethical implications of public health programs and interventions. This chapter provides an overview of the Public Health Policy and Politics section of The Oxford Handbook of Public Health Ethics. The section’s overall goal is to highlight ethical issues emerging from the work in, and study of, politics and policy development in public health, both within countries and globally. The chapters in this section analyze a set of ethical issues related to politics and public health policies, interventions, and programs, and emphasize the importance of communication among various disciplines, such as bioethics, political science, and development studies.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for addressing and managing the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Mialon ◽  
Stefanie Vandevijvere ◽  
Angela Carriedo-Lutzenkirchen ◽  
Lisa Bero ◽  
Fabio Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Science Framework

ObjectiveWe identified mechanisms for addressing and/or managing the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice, as well as examples of where these mechanisms have been adopted from across the globe.DesignWe conducted a scoping review. We conducted searches in five databases on 4 June 2019. Twenty-eight relevant institutions and networks were contacted to identify additional mechanisms and examples. In addition, we identified mechanisms and examples from our collective experience working on the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice.SettingWe identified mechanisms at the national, regional and global levels.ResultsThirty-one documents were included in our review. Eight were peer-reviewed scientific articles. Nine discussed mechanisms to address and/or manage the influence of different types of industries; while other documents targeted specific industries. In total, we identified 49 mechanisms for addressing and/or managing the influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice, and 43 of these were adopted at the national, regional or global level. We identified four main types of mechanisms: transparency; management of interactions with industry and of conflicts of interest; identification, monitoring and education about the practices of corporations and associated risks to public health; prohibition of interactions with industry. Mechanisms for governments (n=17) and academia (n=13) were most frequently identified, with fewer for the media and civil society.ConclusionsWe identified several mechanisms that could help address and/or manage the negative influence of corporations on public health policy, research and practice. If adopted and evaluated more widely, many of the mechanisms described in this manuscript could contribute to efforts to prevent and control non-communicable diseases.Trial registration detailsThe protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework on 27 May 2019 (https://osf.io/xc2vp).

Improving the use of evidence in public health policy development, enactment and implementation: a multiple-case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E McGinty ◽  
Sameer Siddiqi ◽  
Sarah Linden ◽  
Joshua Horwitz ◽  
Shannon Frattaroli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Multiple Case

scholarly journals A call to advance and translate research into policy on governance, ethics, and conflicts of interest in public health: the GECI-PH network

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Nakkash ◽  
Melissa Mialon ◽  
Jihad Makhoul ◽  
Monika Arora ◽  
Rima Afifi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

AbstractEfforts to adopt public health policies that would limit the consumption of unhealthy commodities, such as tobacco, alcohol and ultra-processed food products, are often undermined by private sector actors whose profits depend on the sales of such products. There is ample evidence showing that these corporations not only try to influence public health policy; they also shape research, practice and public opinion. Globalization, trade and investment agreements, and privatization, amongst other factors, have facilitated the growing influence of private sector actors on public health at both national and global levels. Protecting and promoting public health from the undue influence of private sector actors is thus an urgent task. With this backdrop in mind, we launched the “Governance, Ethics, and Conflicts of Interest in Public Health” Network (GECI-PH Network) in 2018. Our network seeks to share, collate, promote and foster knowledge on governance, ethical, and conflicts of interest that arise in the interactions between private sectors actors and those in public health, and within multi-stakeholder mechanisms where dividing lines between different actors are often blurred. We call for strong guidance to address and manage the influence of private sector actors on public health policy, research and practice, and for dialogue on this important topic. Our network recently reached 119 members. Membership is diverse in composition and expertise, location, and institutions. We invite colleagues with a common interest to join our network.

The ghosts of the past, the dreamlands of the future … or why fantasies are bound to fail in socialism and the market: The case of public health policy development in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Fotaki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Cornelius Castoriadis ◽  
Soviet Russia

The transition ‘from planned to market economy’ in the former Soviet Union and in several countries in post-communist Europe is one of the most sweeping social transformations of the second half of the 20th century. It is widely accepted that this transformation was driven by a shared belief in the market’s superior ability to deliver economic growth, to create wealth and contribute to the well-being of the populations after the demise of the defunct socialist ideology. However, the element of utopian fantasy undergirding the grand projects of socialism and the market is usually ignored, often with detrimental results. The study draws on Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis to propose an alternative reading of the process of transition, as an exchange of one powerful fantasy for another. My key contention is that as long as the common utopian dream of social harmony underlying both projects will not be recognised for what it is, which is in itself an unattainable desire of the human psyche, the illusory dreamlands will continue to exist and so will their violent political consequences. The study uses the example of public health policy development in the Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia to illustrate how unacknowledged fantasy leads to violent utilitarianism as it was manifested in socialism, and is now repeated differently but no less tyrannically in the market. In conclusion, I argue for integrating fantasy as a constitutive element of political projects and explore the possibility of the autonomous (self-determined) mode of governance that Cornelius Castoriadis (1987/2005) theorised on and juxtaposed to the heteronomous ways of organising ruled by master signifiers present in various ideologies.

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