scholarly journals The Prospects for Greater Enforcement of Teen Employment Laws in Alberta, Canada. “Politically, how do you make it relevant? […] Kill more young people!”

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-583
Author(s):  
Bob Barnetson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wage Theft ◽  
Teen Employment ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Serious Injury

Summary This study uses a Delphi analysis to identify significant barriers to the development of sustained and meaningful pressure on the Alberta government to increase the enforcement of its laws regulating the employment of teenagers. In addition to general employment laws (e.g., wage payment, occupational health and safety) that appear to go broadly unenforced, Alberta also appears not to enforce laws specifying the hours during which teens may work, the occupations in which they may work and the job tasks they may perform. The result is wage theft, workplace injury and illegal forms of employment among teens. The seven Delphi panelists—a mixture of academics, trade unionists and staff members in not-for-profit agencies with an interest in employment matters—identify a tight business-government relationship as an important limit on the political opportunities available to insurgents seeking change. Insurgents must also grapple with a framing that minimizes concerns around teen employment, i.e. by framing illegal or injurious work as an educational rite of passage and complaints as whining. Together, these barriers significantly limit the opportunities to pressure the state to enhance enforcement. Panelists also noted that there is no mobilizing structure in place that teenage workers and their allies can access. Alberta’s labour movement has had limited success organizing the service sector (where most teens are employed). Some panelists suggested leveraging the widespread sexual harassment of female teen workers as a way to access existing networks and resources in feminist and labour organizations. Other panelists argued that focusing on sexual harassment would emphasize individual employers’ misbehaviour and obscure the class-based nature of inadequate enforcement. Most panelists suggested that highlighting the socially inappropriate nature of the death or serious injury of teen workers would be the best way to destabilize the existing barriers to better enforcement of employment laws. The opportunity to do so is (fortunately) rare and may be difficult to leverage. Indeed, research on high profile occupational fatalities in Canada (e.g., the Westray Mine disaster) suggests that such fatalities do not have a significant effect on state enforcement efforts. In the meantime, advocates such as organized labour and community groups may also work to alter conventional views of teen employment by supporting educational or artistic endeavours that problematize teen employment. This could include identifying the risks and consequences of the non-enforcement of laws regulating the employment of teens (such as injury and wage theft) as well as highlighting the reasons why teen workers warrant the enforcement of their workplace rights by the state.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Commercial Environment

This chapter introduces the concept of extralegal groups and a theoretical framework for analyzing them—how they emerge, develop, and become entrenched over time. It explores their dual nature as threats to the state and as local statebuilders. Formally, an extralegal group is defined as a set of individuals with a proven capacity for violence who work outside the law for profit and provide basic governance functions to sustain its business interests. This framing shows how political authority can develop as a by-product of the commercial environment, even where the state has little or no presence. In post-conflict societies, the predatory nature and historical abuses of citizens conducted in the name of the state means that government is not always more trusted or better able to look after the interests of local populations than an extralegal group. Ultimately, extralegal groups blur the lines between the formal and informal; the licit and illicit.

The State as an Actor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Menz
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regulatory Capture ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Political Left ◽  
Central Actor ◽  
Capitalist State ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Rules Of The Game

Despite the state being such a central actor in establishing and policing the rules of the game of any given political economy, its role is often neglected. In this chapter, we briefly review relevant state theories and explore changes to the nature and appearance of the capitalist state. The awesome increase in the political fire power of the financial service sector has unfortunately led to regulatory capture. The state can no longer be considered a neutral umpire, being heavily influenced by the prerogatives of major banking institutions. This state of affairs corrupts the hopes that liberals place in the self-policing powers of the marketplace and reflects certain fears on the political left regarding the pernicious effects of ‘financialization’.

Termination of Skilled Nursing Facility Medicaid Provider Agreements: Procedural Due Process Requirements

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-493
Author(s):  
Nancy Elizabeth Jones
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
Skilled Nursing Facility ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Nursing Facility ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Medicaid Reimbursement ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Procedural Due Process

AbstractWhen a state Medicaid agency terminates its provider agreement with a skilled nursing facility, federal regulations give the state the option of providing a pretermination evidentiary hearing; they do not, however, require that a state provide such a hearing. If a state chooses not to grant a pretermination hearing, as a number of states have done, federal regulations require: (1) an informal written reconsideration made by the state and submitted to the skilled nursing facility before the effective date of the termination, and (2) a posttermination evidentiary hearing.This Article argues that a skilled nursing facility has a right under the due process clauses of the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the U. S. Constitution to an evidentiary hearing before termination of its Medicaid provider agreement. The author claims that a skilled nursing facility's interest in continued receipt of Medicaid reimbursement under its provider agreement is a property interest entitled to constitutional due process protections, and not merely an expectation of economic benefit that does not implicate constitutional due process considerations.The Article concludes that, except in emergency situations, state Medicaid agencies are constitutionally required to grant a provider a pretermination, rather than a posttermination, evidentiary hearing. This procedure would protect the provider and its patients from the severe effects of an erroneous termination, while furthering the governmental interest in ensuring the health and safety of skilled nursing facility patients. The format for such a hearing should allow for the participation, with the assistance of counsel, of both the skilled nursing facility and its patients.

The Conversion Conundrum: The State and Federal Response to Hospitals’ Changes in Charitable Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221-250
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonprofit Hospitals ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Federal Response ◽  
Profit Status ◽  
Hospital Conversions

The pressures encountered by hospitals in the current era of reimbursement declines and stiffened competition are well known. As the “ultimate” payors—primarily employers and government—aggressively continue to seek low cost care, the response of the hospital industry has been to move toward consolidation and efficiency-enhancing mechanisms.Increasingly, nonprofit, tax-exempt hospitals have come to believe that they are at a significant disadvantage vis-á-vis their for-profit brethren in their ability to attract the capital needed to compete in the market. A growing trend among nonprofit hospitals, therefore, is to sell to or enter into a joint venture with a proprietary organization, or alternatively to convert to for-profit status. In 1995, fifty-eight nonprofit hospitals became for-profit; hospital conversions to for-profit status in 1996 are projected to outstrip the pace established the prior year.The conversion trend has not gone unnoticed at the state level. Recently, several states have proposed or enacted laws regulating sales and conversions of nonprofit hospitals, and many more states are contemplating such legislation.

scholarly journals Reconceptualizing multisectoral prison regulation: Voluntary organizations and bereaved families as regulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 136248062198926
Author(s):  
Philippa Tomczak
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Prison Health ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Prison health, prisoner safety and imprisonment rates matter: intrinsically and for health and safety outside. Existing prison regulation apparatuses (e.g. OPCAT) are extensive and hold unrealized potential to shape imprisonment. However, criminologists have not yet engaged much with this potential. In this article, I reconceptualize prison regulation by exploring the work of a broad range of multisectoral regulators who operate across stakeholder groups. I illustrate that voluntary organizations and families bereaved by prison suicide act as regulators, although their substantive actions have been erased from official narratives. Mobilizing (threats of) litigation, these actors have responsibilized the state and brought qualitative changes across the prison estate.

scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Direct and Indirect Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lebanese Radiographers or Radiologic Technologists: A Crisis within Crises

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Rasha Itani ◽  
Mohammed Alnafea ◽  
Maya Tannoury ◽  
Souheil Hallit ◽  
Achraf Al Faraj
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiologic Technologists ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Effective Diagnosis

With the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the need for radiologic procedures is increasing for the effective diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary diseases. There is an immense load on the radiographers’ shoulders to cope with all the challenges associated with the pandemic. However, amidst this crisis, Lebanese radiographers are also suffering from a socioeconomic crisis and record hyperinflation that have posed additional challenges. A cross-sectional study was conducted among registered Lebanese radiographers to assess the general, workplace conditions, health and safety, mental/psychologic, financial, and skill/knowledge development impacts. Despite applying an adapted safety protocol, institutions are neither providing free RT-PCR testing to their staff nor showing adequate support for infected staff members, thus causing distress about contracting the virus from the workplace. Aggravated by the deteriorating economic situation that affected the radiographers financially, they additionally suffer from severe occupational physical and mental burnout. Regardless of that, they used their free time during the lockdown for skill/knowledge development and have performed many recreational activities. This cross-sectional study highlighted the different ways the pandemic has impacted the radiographers: physically, psychologically, and financially. It aimed to shed light on what these frontline heroes are passing through in the midst of all these unprecedented crises.

The "Third" United Nations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Carayannis ◽  
Thomas G. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Epistemic Communities ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Third ◽  
System P ◽  
The Media ◽  
Knowledge Brokers ◽  
State Actors

This book is about the Third UN: the ecology of supportive non-state actors—intellectuals, scholars, consultants, think tanks, NGOs, the for-profit private sector, and the media—that interacts with the intergovernmental machinery of the First UN (member states) and the Second UN (staff members of international secretariats) to formulate and refine ideas and decision-making at key junctures in policy processes. Some advocate for particular ideas, others help analyze or operationalize their testing and implementation; many thus help the UN “think.” While think tanks, knowledge brokers, and epistemic communities are phenomena that have entered both the academic and policy lexicons, their intellectual role remains marginal to analyses of such intergovernmental organizations as the United Nations. The Third UN in this volume connotes those working toward knowledge and normative advances for the realization of the values underlying the UN Charter; the book does not discuss armed belligerents and criminals, the main focus of previous analyses of non-state actors and the UN system.

scholarly journals Accident investigation related to the use of chainsaw

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirio Rossano Secondo Cividino ◽  
Rino Gubiani ◽  
Gianfranco Pergher ◽  
Daniele Dell’Antonia ◽  
Emiliano Maroncelli
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unskilled Worker ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Accident Investigation ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Exposed Area ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Technical Solutions

Operating in woods might be highly dangerous as it takes place in hard environments because of slopes, uneven ground and the presence of the underwood that may prevent machines and operators from moving. The chainsaw is a widely-used tool in agriculture, in forestry as well as for professional and hobby-related purposes. This article has the aim to highlight the state of injuries both for professional and domestic uses. The research focused on web-based report of news published between 2007 and 2012 about mortal and non-mortal accidents occurred in Italy and involving people who were using a chainsaw. On the whole, 336 cases were collected over a 5-year period. The results of the work are represented by a series of thematic maps related to the causative agent, the age of the injured and the seat of the injury. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the operator’s head is the most exposed area of the body and is often correlated with the death of the operator (death is often due to collision against the chainsaw blade, facial traumas as well sudden contact with parts of the plant). The study shows the dangers of chainsaw. Even workers experts are involved in serious injury and death. The study highlights the needing of looking for technical solutions and specific procedures for training unskilled worker.

scholarly journals MATERIAL LIABILITY OF SENTENCED PERSONS – REALITIES AND PROSPECTS OF IMPROVING AND APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
D. E. Levchanovskyi ◽  
S. V. Tsariuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Material Damage ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
Penal Institution ◽  
Mandatory Rules ◽  
Educational Influence

The significance of the sentenced person's liability has been investigated. It applies to a convicted person in prison for a term of imprisonment, as an integral component of the educational influence on such person to correct and re-socialize him. The society is accustomed to perceive the State Criminal Enforcement Service of Ukraine as an institution, which by its function is intended to serve the sentences of a court, but the legislation also imposes on it the task of correcting and re-socializing the sentenced person using the methods and means of educational influence that go hand in hand with the execution of punishment. The liability of the convicted person is at the same time a criterion for evaluating the use of remedies and re-socialization and acts as an element of the same educational influence. Therefore, it is problematic for staff members of the Penal Institution to realize the need to apply the disciplinary and material responsibility of prisoners in the exercise of educational influence differently. The content of the article reveals the need to apply the liability of the convicted person as a normative-legal category, through the lens of educational influence on the convicts. It encourages creation of appropriate methodological recommendations and improving the mechanism of their application in the practical activity of the units of the Penal Institution. Аnd the need for appropriate changes at the legislative level regarding the mandatory rules on compensation for material damage caused to a sentenced institution while serving a sentence, which in turn will help to consolidate the foundation of one of the methods of educational influence. It is noted that the purpose of educational influence through material liability is realizing by the isolated person the fact of wrongdoing, legal and material consequences, as well as rethinking his act. This is important because convicts are not required to compensate for material damage. Therefore, there is a need to go to court for material damages, which can lead to a loss of value and "demand" for such educational influence from the staff of the institution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document