scholarly journals International Child Abduction in the European Union: the Solutions Incorporated by the Council Regulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-364
Author(s):  
Mónica Herranz Ballesteros

This paper analyzes the new regulation developed in the European Union aimed at international child abductions. The Hague Convention of 25 October, 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is the instrument that authorities of the contracting States were using to decide about the restitution of the child. The main focus of this article will firstly, study how the Hague Convention of 25 October, 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is going to be put into practice with the Council Regulation (EC) N° 2201/2003; subsequently try to see which are the modifications in the new Community law in relation to the Council Regulation (EC) N° 1347/2000; and finally, we will examine the innovations included in the new Council Regulation.

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Kristina Pranevičienė

Abstract The article briefly describes international legislation in parental responsibility matters and focuses on the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (in practice called Brussels II a or Brussels II bis). The essay reveals and analyses the difficulties which occur while hearing parental responsibility cases within the European Union. Particular attention is given to special cases which were difficult to resolve for the national courts of the Republic of Lithuania. Also, the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union is examined. The guidelines on how to avoid the problems of establishing jurisdiction are given. The relations of 1980 Hague Convention on international child abduction and Regulations Brussels II bis are revealed and the reasons for adoption of the Regulation are highlighted. The article also proposes improvements for Article 15 of the Regulation and the effective application of a modified forum non conveniens doctrine in parental responsibility cases.


2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Nigel Lowe

This article discusses the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction which, despite having been in existence for over 30 years, continues to present a number of uncertainties for Contracting States. The article focuses on the issues around appealing return orders after a child has been taken out of the jurisdiction, the concept of “habitual residence”, and the non-enforcement of return orders with reference to recent case law from the United States, United Kingdom, New Zealand and the European Union. 


Teisė ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 162-180
Author(s):  
Kristina Pranevičienė

Straipsnyje analizuojamos vaikų grobimo Europos Sąjungos valstybėse narėse atvejais taikomos teis­mingumo nustatymo taisyklės, įtvirtintos 2003 m. lapkričio 27 d. Europos Tarybos reglamente (EB) Nr. 2201/2003 dėl jurisdikcijos ir teismo sprendimų, susijusių su santuoka ir tėvų pareigomis, pripažinimo bei vykdymo (sutrumpintai vadinamas Reglamentu Briuselis IIa arba Briuselis IIbis), taip pat Reglamento Briuselis IIa ir 1980 m. Hagos konvencijos „Dėl tarptautinio vaikų grobimo civilinių aspektų“ bei šiuos tarptautinės teisės aktus įgyvendinančio 2008 m. lapkričio 13 d. Lietuvos Respublikos civilinį procesą re­glamentuojančių Europos Sąjungos ir tarptautinės teisės aktų įgyvendinimo įstatymo nuostatos, regla­mentuojančios pagrobtų vaikų grąžinimą bei praktinės jų taikymo problemos. The article analyses the rules of jurisdiction in the cases of child abduction within the Member States of the European Union, which are established in Regulation of 27 November 2003 (EC) No 2201/2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgement in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility (abbreviated as Regulation Brussels IIa or Brussels IIbis), as well as the provisions of Regulation Brussels IIa, 1980 Hague Convention on International Child Abduction and 13 November 2008 Law of the Republic of Lithuania, implementing the acts of European Union and inter­national law, regulating civil process, implementing those instruments of international law, regulating the return of abducted children and practical problems of their application.


Author(s):  
Daniela Correa Jacques Brauner

A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS PROCESSOS DE INTEGRAÇÃO – UNIÃO EUROPEIA E MERCOSUL – PARA A SUPERAÇÃO DAS DIFICULDADES DE APLICAÇÃO DA CONVENÇÃO DA HAIA SOBRE ASPECTOS CIVIS DO SEQUESTRO INTERNACIONAL DE CRIANÇAS THE CONTRIBUTION OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES - EUROPEAN UNION AND MERCOSUR - TO OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES OF APPLICATION OF THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION Daniela Correa Jacques Brauner*RESUMO: O artigo inicia abordando a Convenção da Haia sobre Aspectos Civis da Subtração Internacional de Crianças de 1980 como forma de superação dos mecanismos tradicionais do direito internacional privado para resolver casos de litígio internacional em que um dos responsáveis parental se desloca para outro país com a criança, violando direito de guarda do outro responsável. Analisa-se o mecanismo de cooperação inserido na Convenção em que se determina o retorno imediato da criança para o local de sua residência habitual para que a autoridade judiciária dessa localidade resolva a questão da guarda e as exceções a esse retorno pela autoridade local. Sob essa perspectiva, analisa-se a efetividade da resolução de casos nessa temática e, em seguida, na segunda parte, propõe-se analisar se os processos de integração, com legislações próprias, contribuíram para a resolução dos casos de subtração internacional, conferindo maior confiabilidade nos mecanismos de circulação de decisões entre os tribunais. Examina-se o contexto da União Europeia com intensa normativa comum sobre casos de direito de família, inclusive com a participação da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos, para compará-lo ao Mercosul em que não se verifica mecanismos de integração aptos para aprimorar a solução de litígios. Em conclusão, salienta-se que a Convenção da Haia é mais bem cumprida em um ambiente de integração jurídica e econômica e com a possibilidade de instrumentos outros, como normativas comunitárias e acesso a Tribunais Internacionais. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Convenção da Haia sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças. Direito Internacional Privado. Cooperação. União Europeia. Mercosul. ABSTRACT: The article starts approaching the 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction as a way of overcoming the traditional mechanisms of private international law to resolve international law disputes in which one parent (taking-parent) moves to another country violating custody rights of the other parent. It is analyzed the cooperation mechanism in the Convention that determines immediate return to the habitual place of residence so that the judicial authority of that location resolve the question of custody and the exceptions to this return by the local authority. From this perspective, it is analyzed the effectiveness of dispute resolution in this theme, and then, in the second part, it is proposed to examine whether the integration processes, with their own legislation, contributed to the resolution of cases of international abduction, providing greater reliability in circulation mechanisms of decisions between the courts. It is examined the context of the European Union with intense common rules on cases of family law, including the participation of the European Court of Human Rights, to compare it to Mercosur  in which are not found integration mechanisms able to improve the dispute resolution. In conclusion, it is noted that the Hague Convention is best accomplished in a legal and economic integration environment and with the possibility of other instruments such as Community regulations and access to international courts. KEYWORDS: Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; Conflict of Law; Cooperation. European Union; Mercosur.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1. A Convenção sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças como superação dos mecanismos tradicionais do direito internacional privado. 1.1. A restituição imediata da criança ao país de residência habitual. 1.2. As exceções: permanência da criança no país de refúgio. 2. A influência dos processos de integração na aplicação da Convenção sobre Aspectos Civis do Sequestro Internacional de Crianças. 2.1. União Europeia: europeização do direito internacional privado. 2.2. Mercosul: a influência dos protocolos de cooperação jurídica. Considerações Finais. Referências.* Doutoranda em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Mestre em Direito pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Defensora Pública Federal.


2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bagan-Kurluta

The international child abduction is regulated in the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction, in the Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 of 27 November 2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, repealing Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 (Brussels II bis), and in the domestic law — in the Code of Civil Procedure. In the recent years the Regulation Brussels II bis was subject to review. As a result drawbacks were indicated and amendments have been proposed, in particular with a view of simplifying the procedures. The changes were triggered by the increasing number of cases in which one of the parents removes the child without a consent from the other. The Ministry of Justice does not provide any data on the amount of cases taking place in Poland. It is nevertheless certain that this amount has increased in comparison to previous years. Moreover, it is acknowledged that contrary to the Hague Convention and the EU Regulation, many children abducted by their parents are retained in Poland. The amendments to the Code of Civil Procedure seem to address this situation and streamline the process of the return of the children. The question remains: do the proposed amendments to the EU Regulation and those already enacted in the Code of Civil Procedure warrant to a sufficient degree that the welfare of a child — being one of the determinants of these regulations — is safeguarded?


2016 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Agata Michalska-Olek

The article aims to show the possible ways of judicial redress for claims resulting from sales of goods especially including the issue of jurisdiction and application of the provisions of national law or the provisions of Community law. In the article the provisions of the Convention of 30 October 2007 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters as well as the provisions of regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council were widely discussed. The author discusses in particular the issue related to cross-border contracts for the sales-of-goods within the European Union. Part of the deliberations concerns judicial rulings, in particular judicial decisions issued in cases in which the court shall consider the issue of jurisdiction of its own motion. In the conclusion of the article it is stated that the choice between the national jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of other states will depend on the terms of agreement between the parties as well as the documents related to the transaction, in particular consignment notes (CMR), and the EXW clauses – such a formulation means that the parties agreed to the way of delivery of goods according to the commercial (Incoterms) clauses, determining in such a way the issue of jurisdiction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (90) ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
Radmila Dragišić

In this paper, the author explores the sources of European Union Law that regulate one segment of parental responsibility - the right of access to a child. The focal point of research is the transition from the conventional (interstate) regulation of judicial cooperation in marital disputes and parental responsibility issues to the regulation enacted by the European Union institutions, with specific reference to the Brussels II bis Regulation. First, the author briefly points out to its relationship with other relevant international law sources regulating this subject matter: the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction; the Hague Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Cooperation in the Field of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children; and other international sources of law. Then, the author examines in more detail its relationship with the Brussels II bis recast Regulation, which will be applicable as of 1 August 2022. In addition, the paper includes an analysis of the first case in which the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decided on the application of the Brussels II bis Regulation, at the request of granparents to exercise the right of access to the child. On the issue of determining the competent court which has jurisdiction to decide on how this right shall be exercised, the CJEU had to decide whether the competent court is determined on the basis of the Brussels II bis Regulation or on the basis of national Private International Law rules. This paper is useful for the professional and scientific community because it deals (inter alia) with the issue of justification of adopting a special source of law at the EU level, which would regulate the issue of mutual enforcement of court decisions on the right of access to the child. This legal solution was proposed by the Republic of France, primarily guided by the fundamental right of the child to have contact with both parents.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Carmen Azcárraga Monzonís

Resumen: Sustracción internacional a España de menor residente en Suiza en aplicación del Con­venio de La Haya de 1980 sobre los aspectos civiles de la sustracción internacional de menores. Discre­pancia sobre la residencia habitual del menor. No se aprecian motivos de no retorno.Palabras clave: sustracción internacional de menores, Convenio de La Haya sobre sustracción, Convenio de La Haya sobre responsabilidad parental y protección de menores, residencia habitualAbstract: International abduction to Spain of a minor residing in Switzerland under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980. Discrepancy about the habi­tual residence of the minor. No grounds for return denial are appreciated.Keywords: international child abduction, Hague Convention on Child Abduction, Hague Conven­tion on Parental Responsibility and Measures of the Protection of Children, habitual residence


2007 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 43-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Bobek

On 1 may 2004, 10 new Member States joined the European Union. This meant inter alia that, save for the express derogations provided for in the Act of Accession, the entire mass of Community secondary legislation became binding in the new Member States. This principle of the immediate effects of Community law in the new Member States was provided for in Article 2 AA: From the date of Accession, the provisions of the original Treaties and the acts adopted by the institutions and the European Central Bank before Accession shall be binding on the new Member States and shall apply in those States under the conditions laid down in those Treaties and in this Act.


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