scholarly journals From the Dutch corantos to Convergence Journalism: The Role of Translation in News Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Valdeón
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
News Production ◽  
Foreign Correspondents ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
Role Translation ◽  
Staple Diet

This article provides a overview of the role translation has played in news transmission since the birth of journalism until the 21st century. The paper focuses on three periods and the ways in which translation has been present in news production: (1) translation at the origin of newspapers in 17th- and 18th-century Europe, with particular reference to England, Spain and Scandinavia, where translation was, in fact, the staple diet of the first pamphlets published in those countries, (2) from the late 19th century onwards, the interplay between language and translation has also been present in the activity of foreign correspondents, albeit often in a very invisible manner, and (3) as the journalistic activity was professionalized, the importance of translation can be traced in the need for journalists to be trained in foreign languages as well as in the appearance of news agencies whose activity is to a great extent translational. Finally, the advent and spread of the Internet has made the role of translation more apparent, even if it remains an invisible second-rate activity within the news production process.

Journalism and Its Audience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Wahl-Jorgensen ◽  
Allaina Kilby
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Television News ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
News Production ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Digital News ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Technological Developments

The relationship between journalism and its audience has undergone significant transformations from the earliest newspapers in the 18th century to 21st-century digital news. The role of the audience (and journalists’ conceptions of it) has been shaped by economic, social, and technological developments. Though the participation of the audience has always been important to news organizations, it has taken very different forms across times, genres, and platforms. Early newspapers drew on letters from their publics as vital sources of information and opinion, while radio established a more intimate relationship with its audience through its mode of address. Though television news genres may not have emphasized audience engagement, research on the medium was heavily invested in understanding how it affected its audience. The rise of the Internet as a platform for journalism has represented a significant turning point in several respects. First, it has challenged conventional hierarchies of news production and value by facilitating user-generated content and social media, enhancing opportunities for audience contributions. This presents new opportunities for engagement but also challenges journalists’ professional identities, compelling them to assert their authority and skill sets. Further, digital journalism has led to the rise of the quantified audience, leading to the increased role of metrics in driving the behavior of journalists. As the audience and its behavior are shifting, so are the practices of journalism. The two actors—journalists and audiences—remain interlocked in what may be a troubled marriage, but one which is structurally compelled to change and grow over time.

scholarly journals Swiss Alpine Milk, Education, and the Fabrication of the Ideal Swiss Citizen

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Drinking Milk ◽  
Swiss Citizen ◽  
The Ideal

Since the 18th century, the Swiss Alps and Swiss alpine life have been idealized,giving rise to the Swiss Alpine myth. In the late 19th century – as a part of theso-called agrarian revolution – dairy farming was transformed into the mainsector of Swiss agriculture. Unlike in other countries, in Switzerland milk becameavailable to all social classes and was advertised as the Swiss national drink.Because milk was associated with the idyllic notion of healthy cows grazing onlush mountain pastures, dairy products eventually became an integral part of theAlpine myth. As a result, relatively banal activities such as drinking milk or eatingcheese were subsumed into the Swiss identity. In this paper, the role of primaryschool education in this phenomenon is explored and the significance of schoolingin the conceptualization of the ideal Swiss citizen as a milk drinker is analyzed.Key words: national identity; nutrition; primary school; Switzerland; temperancemovement.

Books of the 18th century in the collection of the Tambov regional universal scientific library named after A.S. Pushkin

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Zhitin ◽  
Aleksey G. Topilsky ◽  
Lyudmila N. Patrina
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
System Information ◽  
Basic Research Project

We analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of the book collection of the civil press of the 18th century, which are in the collection of the Tambov regional universal library named after A.S. Pushkin (hereinafter TRUL). The relevance of the work is connected with the need to restore an objective picture of the creation and functioning of manor libraries of the late 18th century as an element of the cultural environment. The implementation of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research project allowed showing the world of the Tambov book of the 18th century in all its diversity. The novelty of the work lies in a system approach to the study of the array of books in Russian and foreign languages of pre-revolutionary libraries of the Russian province. We consider Tambov collections of foreign books of the 18th century, system information of which is currently absent in historiography and appears only as separate mentions in the works of local historians. The work with the existing repertoire of the library showed the key importance of Derzhavin library for the formation of modern Tambov collections of rare books of the 18th century. It is shown that the main array of the identified publications reflects the products of the Capital printing houses of the 18th century. The variety of thematic composition of the revealed collections is demonstrated. Among these collections of TRUL books there are publications on history, literature, philosophy, religion and natural sciences. The research proves that the study of the composition of the book collections of civil press of the 18th century gives important information for the study of book culture of the Tambov province, allows to analyze the appearance of the book works in the region and to find out the degree of attention to foreign and Russian media. Also it allows to detect the role of the book in the structure of cultural environment.

scholarly journals Translation pedagogy the missing component in Translation studies in the Arab world

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Antar Abdellah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Language Pedagogy ◽  
Translation Pedagogy

This article discusses the pedagogical role of translation and its relationship with methods of teaching foreign languages. Translation in education has a long history in foreign language pedagogy. Translation was the only method -along with grammar- that was employed in foreign language classrooms. This long-established relation between language pedagogy and translation was then attacked after the 18th century and translation was accused of hindering good language use. It was claimed to impede the process of understanding and linguistic thinking. However, translation regained its status within language teaching methods recently through the approaches of cognitive psychology and the universal grammar. The article also reviews the evaluative role of translation as a testing technique for measuring translation skills and assessing proficiency in foreign languages. Translation is also a school subject that needs special to be taught through special teaching techniques. In order to so, translation skills are deconstructed to sub-skills on the kernel levels. The article also reviews the different approaches to designing translation curricula. It is concluded that the educational role of translation should appear clearly in the contemporary endeavors to establish Translation Studies as an independent and differentiated discipline that should be hosted in an independent university department separate from departments of foreign languages. The study program for this department should thus include important aspects of translation pedagogy and field-oriented training.

Michael Kelly, Hilary Footitt, Myriam Salama-Carr (eds.): The Palgrave Handbook of Languages and Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Zvada
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Speakers Of Other Languages ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Almost All

This Handbook maps the contours of an exciting and burgeoning interdisciplinary field concerned with the role of language and languages in situations of conflict. It explores conceptual approaches, sources of information that are available, and the institutions and actors that mediate language encounters. It examines case studies of the role that languages have played in specific conflicts, from colonial times through to the Middle East and Africa today. The contributors provide vibrant evidence to challenge the monolingual assumptions that have affected traditional views of war and conflict. They show that languages are woven into every aspect of the making of war and peace, and demonstrate how language shapes public policy and military strategy, setting frameworks and expectations. The Handbook's 22 chapters powerfully illustrate how the encounter between languages is integral to almost all conflicts, to every phase of military operations and to the lived experiences of those on the ground, who meet, work and fight with speakers of other languages. This comprehensive work will appeal to scholars from across the disciplines of linguistics, translation studies, history, and international relations; and provide fresh insights for a broad range of practitioners interested in understanding the role and implications of foreign languages in war.

ASPECTS IN BUILDING A COMPANY WEB-SITE AND ITS ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Site ◽  
The Internet ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Site Types

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.

Internet of Things as Engine of Economic Growth in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Widagdo ◽  
Mochamad Rofik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Network Quality ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The economic diversification concept gives hope for a country with rich natural resources to strengthen its economic basis. Thus industrial revolution era of 4.0 provides great opportunity to fasten the process. A study by McKensey in 2011 proved that the internet in the developing country contributes around 3.4% towards its GDP which means that the internet has become a new hope for the economy in the future. Indonesia is one of the countries that is attempting to maximize the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) for its economic growth.� The attempt has made the retail and tourism industries as the two main sectors to experience the significant effect of IoT. In the process of optimizing the IoT to support the economic growth, Indonesia faces several issues especially in the term of the internet network quality and its distribution, the inclusive access of financial access and the infrastructure

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