scholarly journals Optimisation de l’efficacité des graines de moringa oleifera dans le traitement des eaux de consommation en Afrique sub-saharienne

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Aminata Kabore ◽  
Boubacar Savadago ◽  
Francis Rosillon ◽  
Alfred S. Straore ◽  
Dayéri Dianou
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Milieu Rural ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

L’accès à l’eau potable demeure une très grande préoccupation en Afrique sub-saharienne, particulièrement en milieu rural où les populations sont confrontées à la gestion optimale des points d’eau, l’insuffisance d’hygiène et d’assainissement et au manque de méthodes appropriées de désinfection à l’échelle familiale. De ce fait, l’intégration de procédés biologiques de traitement des eaux de consommation pourrait être une alternative durable dans l’amélioration de la qualité des eaux de boisson, du fait de la disponibilité et de la non-toxicité des substances. La présente étude porte sur l’optimisation de l’efficacité des graines de Moringa oleifera dans l’assainissement des eaux de consommation en milieu rural au Burkina Faso. Des eaux de surface et de puits alimentant les populations ont été traitées avec différentes concentrations de coagulant de graines de M. oleifera. Le suivi de paramètres physico-chimiques et microbiologiques à différents temps de décantation a permis de déterminer les conditions optimales et d’évaluer l’efficacité des traitements. Des résultats, il est ressorti qu’en fonction des caractéristiques des eaux, les temps de décantation compris entre 1,5-2,0 h sont apparus suffisants pour éliminer la presque totalité des matières en suspension et des colloïdes. L’abattement de la turbidité obtenu était compris entre 24-96 % pour un temps de décantation de 2 h et fonction de la turbidité initiale de l’eau. Pour le même temps de décantation, l’abattement microbien était de l’ordre de 82-94 % pour les coliformes fécaux, 81-100 % pour Escherichia coli, 94-100 % pour les streptocoques fécaux et 100 % pour les kystes de Giardia intestinalis. Les traitements ont également permis de réduire les teneurs en nitrates, calcium, magnésium ainsi que la dureté totale. Par contre, une hausse des concentrations de sulfates et de matière organique a été enregistrée avec ces traitements. Ces résultats indiquent qu’en fonction des caractéristiques initiales, le traitement des eaux brutes avec les graines de M. oleifera améliore considérablement la qualité des eaux de boisson.

Cultures locales de vaccination : le rôle central des agents de santé en milieu rural au Burkina Faso

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drissa Sia ◽  
Pierre Fournier ◽  
Blaise K. Sondo
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Milieu Rural ◽  
Agents De Santé

scholarly journals Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from zoom-koom beverage and ice in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (35) ◽  
pp. 3243-3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bsadjo-Tchamba Gertrude ◽  
Ibrahim Bawa Hadiza ◽  
Nzouankeu Ariane ◽  
Juste O. Bonkoungou Isidore ◽  
Zongo Cheikna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Spp

scholarly journals CONTROLE DE COLIFORMES EM EFLUENTES COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE ÓLEO DE Eucalyptus citriodorus OU EXTRATO DE SEMENTE DA Moringa oleifera

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Sônia Maria Crivelli Mataruco ◽  
Marcia Regina Royer ◽  
Paulo Rodrigo Stival Bittencourt ◽  
Waldecir Valentin Peres ◽  
Guilherme Henrique Mataruco
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Moringa Oleifera

No intuito de diminuir os impactos das atividades humanas sobre o ambiente aquático, ao descarregar determinado efluente em um receptor hídrico garantindo que este esteja dentro dos parâmetros definidos pela legislação vigente, é preciso buscar tecnologias adequadas que demonstrem, principalmente, viabilidade econômica, social e ambiental para seu tratamento. As sementes da Moringa oleifera, contém agente ativo com propriedade coagulante, com capacidade de remoção de bactérias presentes na água na ordem de 90 a 99%. A técnica de usar produtos de origem vegetal permite o desenvolvimento de substâncias de tratamento que diminui ou elimina a utilização de produtos sintéticos e/ou inorgânicos, gerando, assim, menor impacto ao ecossistema e garantindo manejo sustentável do processo produtivo. Desta forma, o objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar o efeito da utilização do extrato das sementes de Moringa oleiferae do óleo essencial do Eucalyptus citriodorus em efluentes, in natura e pós-tratamento, sobre coliformes totais e Escherichia coli, existente nos efluentes de indústria de processamento de mandioca para a fabricação de amido. Utilizando amostras das lagoas de decantação, tratado com extrato aquoso de sementes de Moringa e extrato de folhas de eucaliptos em diferentes concentrações, foram realizadas diversas baterias de análises com a contagem de microrganismos de interesse. Através das análises microbiológicas, foi observado que ocorreram diferenças significativas, indicando resultados promissores, entre os efluentes com e sem tratamento, utilizando-se o extrato de sementes de Moringa oleifera e do Eucalyptus citriodorus com relação ao tratamento convencional. 

scholarly journals Seasonal Effect on Growth Performance and Leaf Biomass Production of Two Moringa oleifera Lam. Varieties Grown under Sahelian Condition in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
François Wenemi Kagambèga ◽  
Abdoul Rasmane Bagagnan ◽  
Augustine Ayantunde ◽  
Louis Sawadogo
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Foliar Biomass

Aims: An experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance of two varieties of Moringa oleifera (wild variety and PKM-1) under different seasonal period at two locations in northern Burkina Faso, and the potential for improving household nutrition. Study Design, Place and Duration of Study: Two separate trials corresponding to sowing period (cold and warm) were laid out at each site (Bani and Tougou) in a completely randomized block design with three replicates between December 2017 and September 2018. Methodology: Each block was subdivided into two plots of 8 m² (separated from each other by 3 m break) intended to receive each variety of Moringa at each sowing period. The seeds were sown with 2 seeds by pit at 2 cm depth with spacing of 0.5 m x 0.5 m in each plot ploughed up to 30 cm. Watering was done daily during the dry season and consisted of applying 24 liters of water in each plot at two times. Vegetative growth measurements (plant height, number of leaves) were done weekly while leaf biomass production was assessed monthly from the 40th day after sowing. Results: The results showed that seedlings growth parameters and foliar biomass differed significantly (p < 0.001) among the two Moringa oleifera varieties and were influenced by the sowing period and sites. Although the two varieties grew well, Moringa oleifera var PKM-1 grew faster and produced much leaves compared to the wild or local variety. Then, greater growth attributes (height and number of leaves) and foliar biomass were noted for PKM-1. Conclusion: The warm period (March / April) appear to be the most recommendable period for the growth and biomass accumulation of the two varieties of Moringa oleifera.

scholarly journals Removal of Methylene blue, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonus aeruginosa by Adsorption Process of Activated Carbon Produced from Moringa oleifera Bark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahin Azad ◽  
Syaza Azhari ◽  
Mohd Sukri Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
E Coli

The utilization of biopolymer derived from Moringa oleifera bark using ZnCl2 and H2SO4 as activating agents for eliminating Methylene blue, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from producing wastewater. In this study, Methylene blue and both bacteria were effectively adsorbed by activated carbon with lowest dosage. The activated carbon was prepared from natural-by product of Moringa oleifera bark by pyrolysis in a furnace at 700°C for 1 h. The characteristics of activated carbon have been determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), pHzpc (zero point charge), and FTIR spectroscopy. The obtained result were closely fitted with Freundlich isotherm model and adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second order model with the highest value of correlation coefficient (R2~1). Adsorption quantity was dose dependent and bacteria were maximum adsorbed using 10 mg of activated carbon as well as 25mg for methylene blue. The maximum adsorption capacity showed within 1 hour. The bacterial load was reduced by 98% for E. coli, 96% for P. aeruginosa as well as methylene blue reduced 94.2% from aqueous solution using batch adsorption methods. Adsorption process controlled by film diffusion mechanism. These result proposed that the activated carbon of Moringa oleifera can be used as a good adsorbent for the removal of Methylene blue, E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera Seeds Extract Activity on Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophyla Cells in Aquatic Microcosm

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Stephane Metsopkeng ◽  
Chretien Lontsi Djimeli ◽  
Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti ◽  
Lucienne Marlyse Moungang ◽  
Paul Alain Nana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Incubation Condition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Cell Incubation ◽  
Potential Exploitation

This study aimed to evaluate in microcosm condition, the survival of Aeromonas hydrophila and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), in the presence of M. oleifera aqueous seeds extract at concentrations varying from 1 to 40 g/L, and under 4 °C and 23 °C incubation temperature. It has been noted that cell abundances decrease gradually with the increasing in the seeds extract concentration. However, a marked cells regrowth was sometimes noted. In monospecies cell incubation condition, under 4 °C, the EPEC cells inhibition percentages (CIP) values varied from 52.12 to 99.84%. Those of A. hydrophila varied from 13.2 to 96%. The lowest CIPs were noted at the extract concentration 1g/L for EPEC and A. hydrophila. The highest CIP value was registered at 10 and 40 g/L for EPEC and at 15 g/L for A. hydrophila. Under 23 °C incubation, the EPEC CIPs values varied from 74.04 to 99.9% and those of A. hydrophila varied from 21.2 to 97.8%. For E. coli, the lowest and the highest CIP were recorded at the extract concentration 1g/L and 30 g/L, respectively. In bispecies cells incubation condition, the CIPs were relatively different. These results show the potential exploitation of M. oleifera extracts in the microbiological treatment of potable water.

scholarly journals Factors that May Influence the Effectiveness of 4 Specialized Nutritious Foods in the Prevention of Stunting and Wasting in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Breanne K Langlois ◽  
Ilana R Cliffer ◽  
Laetitia Nikiema ◽  
Devika J Suri ◽  
Franck Garanet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Household Water ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACT Background A trial in Burkina Faso compared the cost-effectiveness of 4 specialized nutritious foods (SNFs) used to prevent stunting and wasting in children aged 6–23 mo. Objectives This article explores differences in SNF use that may have influenced effectiveness, specifically in relation to consumption by the recipient child and by any other person (i.e., sharing), other diversion from the recipient child, preparation, storage, and hygiene. Methods Subsamples from a geographically clustered, longitudinal trial with random assignment to Corn Soy Blend Plus with oil (CSB+ w/oil), Corn Soy Whey Blend with oil (CSWB w/oil), Super Cereal Plus (SC+), or ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) were selected for in-depth interviews, in-home observations, and focus group discussions. Results Sharing was common in all arms, with the highest reported in SC+ (73%) and highest observed in CSWB w/oil (36%). Some reported giving the ration away (highest in SC+ at 17%) or using it for other purposes (highest in CSWB w/oil at 17%). The recipient child was observed consuming the ration in 49% of households on average (38–60% by arm in CSB+ w/oil and RUSF, respectively). Qualitative reports of bitterness and spoilage emerged in the CSWB w/oil arm. Most observed households (excluding RUSF) did not prepare porridge daily as instructed (35–46% by arm). Household water samples showed either high-risk or unsafe contamination with Escherichia coli (72–78% by arm). Low percentages were observed handwashing (both child and server) before consuming the porridge. Conclusions The SNFs were not prepared or served as intended and diversion from the recipient was common. Storage conditions may have resulted in spoilage of the ration containing whey before reaching recipients. This article provides context about factors that may have influenced the effectiveness of these SNFs. Programming and household use of SNFs are as important as their nutrient composition. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02071563.

scholarly journals Le phénomène tontinier au Burkina Faso : étude sur 69 cas

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Sanov Issoufou
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Etude De Cas ◽  
Milieu Rural ◽  
Étude De Cas ◽  
Secteur Informel

Dans la plupart des pays africains, une bonne partie des activités socio-économiques se déroule dans le secteur informel et est financée, par conséquent, par des sources de crédit non officielles (usure, tontine, etc.). La présente étude de cas porte sur la tontine qui est une pratique courante en milieu rural et surtout urbain où le taux de monétarisation est relativement plus important. Ces structures apparaissent aujourd’hui indispensables eu égard à leur contribution dans la mobilisation de l'épargne et la distribution de crédit pour les couches à revenus modestes. Elles suscitent des espoirs réels dans une société où les structures financières modernes répondent encore imparfaitement aux besoins de la grande majorité de la population.

scholarly journals First Description of IncX3 Plasmids CarryingblaOXA-181in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates in Burkina Faso

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 3240-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul-Salam Ouédraogo ◽  
Fabrice Compain ◽  
Mahamoudou Sanou ◽  
Salim Aberkane ◽  
Nicolas Bouzinbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Clinical Isolates
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