scholarly journals Canadian Science Policy and the Retreat from Transformative Politics: The Final Years of the Science Council of Canada, 1985-1992

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brent Clowater
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Transformative Politics ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation ◽  
Research And Policy

The Science Council of Canada (1966-1992) operated as an ‘arms-length’ agency providing science policy advice and recommendations to the federal government. The Council was always a voice for state interventionism. In the late 1970s, it turned to the politically sensitive issue of industrial policy and advocated a nationalistic, ‘transformative politics’ through its defense of technological sovereignty. An examination of its research and policy recommendations, and the controversies they excited, reveals that the Council’s struggle against new policy trends in its final years paralleled larger transitions in public perceptions of the role of government in Canadian society. Its 1992 dissolution symbolized Canada’s reorientation from a state-directed to a market-oriented approach to science and technology policy-making. This paper reviews the Council’s guiding philosophy and discusses its history within two larger contexts: the Canadian political debate over continentalism, and evolving conceptions of science, technology, and innovation, and the prospects for their management.

Under pressure: A systematic review of stress and its impact among graduate students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongkyung Cho ◽  
Christopher S Hayter
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Science Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Despite increasing interest related to the role of graduate students in economic and social development, science policy scholars have overlooked the role of stress and its broader impact on the conduct of science. To motivate future empirical research, this study systematically reviews the literature on antecedents and impact of stress among graduate students, examining thirty-four journal articles published from 2000 to 2018. We find that not only do multiple definitions of stress exist, but also that scholars have neglected broader theoretical implications and comparative dimensions of the phenomenon. While this outcome can be explained partially by the paucity of different national and disciplinary perspectives, these factors nonetheless hinder the design and implementation of effective interventions that can help graduate students reduce and manage stress levels and thus improve the conduct of science. We introduce a conceptual model of our findings and discuss implications for future research and policy.

Political images of science in Portugal

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eduarda Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Teresa Patrício ◽  
António Firmino da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Images Of Science

In the mid-1980s, as a result of pressure from the national scientific community and the influence of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's 1984 science and technology policy review, science was introduced into the Portuguese political agenda. A Framework Law and a series of institutional reforms were the most visible signs of change. Admission to the EC in 1986, however, provided an excuse for reducing the public R&D budget. While science policy remains, in the 1990s, a priority in the political discourse, there is a lack of correspondence between this discourse and policy practice. A survey of members of the Portuguese Parliament undertaken in 1995 was designed to shed some light on their perceptions and opinions concerning the value of science and the role of the Parliament in science policy, and, therefore, on the reasons for the gap between the discourse and practical behaviour of policy-makers in this field.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Role of Government Efficiency on Financial Development for OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-469
Author(s):  
Aysel Amir ◽  
Korhan K. Gokmenoglu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Government Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper fulfills a gap in the existing literature by analyzing the impact of government efficiency and corruption on the financial development of 31 OECD countries for the period 2002 to 2015 inclusively. To ensure robustness in our estimations, we employed several econometrics techniques, included control variables in our models, used several proxies for the variables under investigation, split the data into subgroups based on the degree of democracy, and repeated the analysis for these groups. Obtained findings provide strong evidence that government efficiency has a significant effect on financial development, and the sign of all the control variables are compatible with the a-priory theoretical expectations. The results of this study propose several policy recommendations to enhance financial development such as enhancing social cohesion through education on the use of tax contributions, revising budget procedures to ensure efficient spending of resources and to improve institutional quality, and reducing corruptive pursuits by targeting the informal economy activities and modifying the rule of law.

Pharmaceutical R&D Productivity: The Role of Alliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kruse ◽  
Mark Slomiany ◽  
Rema Bitar ◽  
Sarah Jeffers ◽  
Mahmud Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Technology Policy ◽  
Generic Competition ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Perfect Storm

In recent years, the major research-intensive biopharmaceutical companies (big pharma) have come face to face with a perfect storm of eroding profit margins from blockbuster expiration and generic competition coupled with growing R&D expenses and declining advances in truly novel therapeutics. With long-term research divisions shed in favor of short-term outsourcing options and with public good will at historic lows, industry innovators have sought to reinvent the model of big pharma, its relationship in public-private partnerships, and the role of technology and technology policy in reform. In this paper, we highlight a number of the major alliances reshaping the industry and the role of government, research institutions, and other players in the public-private interface in these endeavors. In particular, this paper looks beyond traditional biotechnology parternships and focuses instead on the developing consortia between biopharmaceutical companies and with clinical research organizations and academic institutions. We examined each alternative model of alliance, identified specific hurdles and potentials for increased productivity.

Raiders Activity on the Market for Corporate Control as a Product of Coercive Entrepreneurship Evolution

2007 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
A. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Control ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Market For Corporate Control ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The paper studies the problem of raiders activity on the market for corporate control. This activity is considered as a product of coercive entrepreneurship evolution. Their similarities and sharp distinctions are shown. The article presents the classification of raiders activity, discribes its basic characteristics and tendencies, defines the role of government in the process of its transformation.

Redefining the role of government in agriculture for the 1990's

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odin Knudsen ◽  
John Nash ◽  
James Bovard ◽  
Bruce Gardner ◽  
L. Alan Winters
Keyword(s):  
Role Of Government
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