scholarly journals The Evolution of Latin American Exchange Rate Policies Since World War II, par FRANCIS-H. SCHOTT. Une plaquette de 28 pages. — INTERNATIONAL FINANCE SECTION, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, 1959

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Antoine-Élie Immarigeon
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Finance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World War ◽  
Princeton University

scholarly journals Elizabeth Sgalitzer Ettinghausen 1918–2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Sheila R. Canby
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Finance ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
World War ◽  
Metropolitan Museum Of Art ◽  
Byzantine Art ◽  
Princeton University ◽  
The World ◽  
The Town

Born in Austria in 1918, Elizabeth spent the World War II years in Istanbul where her father was professor of medicine at Istanbul University. This resulted not only in her learning Turkish but also in developing an interest in Byzantine art and archaeology, leading to a dissertation on Byzantine ceramics. In 1945 she married Richard Ettinghausen, who had recently joined the Freer Gallery of Art and was also lecturing at Princeton University. That marked the beginning of Elizabeth's ties with the town where she lived for many years. In 1966 Richard became Hagop Kevorkian Professor of Islamic Art at the Institute of Fine Arts and in 1969 he was appointed Consultative Chairman of the Department of Islamic Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Meanwhile, in addition to pursuing her art–historical interests, Elizabeth was bringing up their two sons in Princeton. Today, the elder son teaches and practices medicine in Rochester, NY, and the younger is in international finance in Abu Dhabi.

Boom-or-Bust Commodities and Industrialization in Pre–World War II Malaya

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1074-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Huff
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
World War ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Pre World War Ii

This article links the terms of trade, money supply, labor market, and money and credit markets to explore a puzzle in Malayan economic history: why, despite rapid growth and high per capita income, did pre–World War II Malaya industrialize so little? A range of data is drawn together to show how for Malayan manufacturers economic boom was accompanied by precipitate deterioration in the real exchange rate, while in a slump credit contracted sharply and with it the size of the Malayan market for manufactures. Analysis of Malayan experience may be relevant for understanding slight industrialization elsewhere in Southeast Asia.

From “Color” to “Rainbow”: U.S. Strategic Planning for Latin America, 1919-1945

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Child
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
World War ◽  
Good Neighbor Policy ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Good Neighbor ◽  
The U.S

A series of recently declassified documents in the National Archives provide striking evidence of the shift of United States military strategic thinking away from the nineteenth and early twentieth century unilateral interventionist approaches to the bilateral approaches taken in World War II under the multilateral framework of the Good Neighbor Policy.It is also significant to note that, despite the multilateral thrust of this Good Neighbor Policy promulgated by President Roosevelt and the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Military Departments— War and Navy—made no provisions for multilateral strategic plans in World War II.But even as U.S. military planners prepared for bilateral cooperation with Latin American allies in the war, they continued to draft and update unilateral plans for intervention and invasion of key Latin American countries if cooperative approaches should fail.

Triangulating Labor, Capital, and Land: Italian Emigrant Colonization in Latin America and the Contradictions of US Hegemony, 1947–1953

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-566
Author(s):  
Dario Gaggio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
World War ◽  
Us Hegemony ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Latin American Countries

In the aftermath of World War II, Italy’s centrist leaders saw in the emerging US empire an opportunity to implement emigration schemes that had been in circulation for decades. Hundreds of thousands of Italian peasant farmers could perhaps be able to settle on Latin American and African land thanks to the contribution of US capital. This article examines the Italian elites’ obsession with rural colonization abroad as the product of their desire to valorize the legacy of Italy's settler colonialism in Libya and thereby reinvent Italy's place in the world in the aftermath of military defeat and decolonization. Despite the deep ambivalence of US officials, Italy received Marshall Plan funds to carry out experimental settlements in several Latin American countries. These visions of rural settlement also built on the nascent discourses about the ‘development’ of non-western areas. Despite the limited size and success of the Italian rural ‘colonies’ in Latin America, these projects afford a window into the politics of decolonization, the character of US hegemony at the height of the Cold War, and the evolving attitude of Latin American governments towards immigration and rural development. They also reveal the contradictory relationships between Italy's leaders and the country's rural masses, viewed as redundant and yet precious elements to be deployed in a global geopolitical game.

Literary and Cultural Representations of Asians in Latin America and the Caribbean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelideth María Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Asian Immigrants ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
World War ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Representations of Asians in Latin America and the Caribbean have been caught in the fissures of history, in part because their presence ambivalently affirms, depends upon, and simultaneously denies dominant narratives of race. While these populations are often stereotyped and mislabed as chino, Latin American countries have also made them into symbols of kinship and citizenship by providing a connection to Asia as a source of economic and political power. Yet, their presence highlights a rupture in nationalistic ideas of race that emphasize the European, African, and indigenous. Historically, Asian Latin American and Caribbean literary and cultural representations began during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade (1565–1815) with depictions of Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino slaves and galleon laborers. Soon after, Indian and Chinese laborers were in demand as coolie trafficking became prevalent throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. Toward the end of the 19th century, Latin American and Caribbean countries began to establish political ties with Asia, ushering in Asian immigrants as a replacement labor force for African slaves. By the beginning of World War II, first- and second-generation immigrants recorded their experiences in poetry, short stories, and memoirs, often in their native languages. World War II disrupted Asian diplomacy with Latin America, and Caribbean and Latin American countries enacted laws that ostracized and deported Japanese immigrants. World War II also marked a change for Asian immigrants to Latin America and the Caribbean: they shifted from temporary to permanent immigrants. Here, authors depicted myriad aspects of their identities—language and citizenship, race, and sexuality—in their birth languages. In other words, late 20th century and early 21st century literature highlights the communities as Latin American and Caribbean. Finally, the presence of Asians in Latin America and the Caribbean has influenced Latin American and Caribbean literature and cultural production, highlighting them as characters and their cultures as themes. Most importantly, however, Latin American modernism emerged from a Latin American orientalism that differs from a European orientalism.

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