The Relation Between Translation and Ideology as an Instrument for the Establishment of a National Literature

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nüzhet Berrin Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Early Years ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The West ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Dominant State ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

The relation between translation and ideology is an example of a concrete case for a nation’s struggle to take its place in the modern world. In the early years of the Turkish Republic, established by M. Kemal Atatürk and his followers after the Turkish War of Liberation (1919-1923), the dominant state ideology focused on a full-scale enlightenment and development initiative on all levels of society. The conditions which created the Renaissance and the spirit of humanism in the West were taken as a model and translation became one of the main instruments for the establishment of a modern society and a national literature following many reforms in education and language. This paper investigates how the state ideology manipulated translation, and its effects on the emergence of modern Turkish Literature.

scholarly journals THE FIRST TRANSLATIONS OF THE QURʾAN IN MODERN TURKEY (1924–38)

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 435a-435a
Author(s):  
M. Brett Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Turkish Language ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

In 1925, the Turkish parliament commissioned a translation of the Qurʾan from Arabic to Turkish as well as a Turkish-language Qurʾanic commentary. This project is commonly misunderstood as an initiative engineered by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) and linked to the radical institutional reforms of 1924: abolition of the Islamic caliphate, prohibition of the Sufi orders, and closure of the medreses. In fact, parliament's support of a Qurʾan translation was not a radical nationalist reform but an initiative supported and executed by devout intellectuals who opposed other facets of Islamic reform in the early years of the Turkish republic.

scholarly journals Translation Activities in the Ottoman Empire

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-956
Author(s):  
Berrín Aksoy
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Closed Society ◽  
Islamic Civilization

Abstract In the Ottomans, translation activities took place without much significance until the 18th century. Due to the dominance of religion and the closed society structure, mostly texts on Islamic civilization and arts from Arabic and Persian were translated in the form of commentaries, explanations and footnotes. The only contribution of translation then may be said to be the promotion of written Ottoman Turkish which was used in Anatolia as well as among the Court circles. With the beginning of Westernization efforts in the 18th and largely in the 19th centuries, translation activities gained momentum and proliferated in kind and quantity. A large amount of books from the West and the East in the fields of science, literature, arts, social sciences, etc. were translated during that time. Although these activities were disorganized and inconsistent, they still helped the development of similar sciences and Modern Turkish Literature which was to reach its peak in the Modern Turkish Republic established in the 20 th century.

scholarly journals The New Turkish Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
Amr G. E. Sabet
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
The West ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Kemal Ataturk

This policy book purports to advise American decision makers about thechanges and transformations taking place in Turkey’s politics and foreignpolicy, as well as their reasons and implications. It further counselsWashington on how to deal with the novelties that they may engender. Graham Fullerargues that Turkey, under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and his successors, underwentan imposed “cultural lobotomy” designed to induce a national “amnesia”about its Islamic and Ottoman past (p. 17). This condition, however, isending, for Turkey seems to be experiencing a counter-dynamic and a “returnof history,” away from what the author deems a “transient geopolitical aberrationfrom a long norm” (p. 8).Fuller makes his point by asserting, first, that Turkey is again becomingpart of the Middle East and examining its historical trajectory and legacies.Second, by highlighting the increasing divergence in Turkish-Americanrelations due to the changing circumstances related to the Soviet collapseand the reordering of European politics, he sees an American regionalagenda at odds with Turkish national and geopolitical interests, as well as aTurkish strategic opening to the Muslim world, Eurasia, Russia, and China,as alternative political and economic options. The author’s broad conclusionis that how Turkey will act in the Middle East and the Muslim world willlargely depend on the “complex interplay” between the United States, theEuropean Union, and Turkey’s non-western interests (p. 9). Such a “comeback,”in any case, is likely to partially dilute and complicate, as well asenrich and complement, Turkey’s links with the “West” (p. 8) ...

scholarly journals Book Review: Christine M. Philliou, Turkey: A Past Against History. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Evren Altinkas
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
Turkish Society

This book depicts transformation of the Ottoman and Turkish society between the Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908) of the late Ottoman Empire and the 1960s of modern Turkey with a focus on the life and works of Turkish journalist author Refik Halid Karay (1888-1965). Karay is known with his short stories and novels in Turkish literature. Using excerpts from Karay’s newspaper articles, stories, and novels, Philliou shows how an Ottoman liberal criticized the policies of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), the nationalists in Ankara during the Turkish War of Independence and the subsequent regime in the early years of the Turkish Republic. Using the term muhalefet [opposition], Philliou focuses on the transition of Karay from a dissident figure into a discontent patriot. While doing this, Philliou skillfully draws the framework of Turkish modernity between 1908 and 1960.

Three questions to political economy (An attempt of system introspection)

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Kleiner
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
System Paradigm

The development of the system paradigm in economic science leads to the formulation of a number of important questions to the political economy as one of the basic directions of economic theory. In this article, on the basis of system introspection, three questions are considered. The first is the relevance of the class approach to the structuring of the socio-economic space; the second is the feasibility of revising the notion of property in the modern world; the third is the validity of the notion of changing formations as the sequence of “slave-owning system — feudal system — capitalist system”. It is shown that in modern society the system approach to the structuring of socio-economic space is more relevant than the class one. Today the classical notion of “property” does not reflect the diversity of production and economic relations in society and should be replaced by the notion of “system property”, which provides a significant expansion of the concepts of “subject of property” and “object of property”. The change of social formations along with the linear component has a more influential cyclic constituent and obeys the system-wide cyclic regularity that reflects the four-cycle sequence of the dominance of one of the subsystems of the macrosystem: project, object, environment and process.

Comparative Analysis of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar’s Travels to European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Aysel KAMAL ◽  
Sinem ATIS
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Young Lady ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
The West ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Art And Architecture

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar (1901-1962) is one of the most controversial authors in the 20th century Turkish literature. Literature critics find it difficult to place him in a school of literature and thought. There are many reasons that they have caused Tanpinar to give the impression of ambiguity in his thoughts through his literary works. One of them is that he is always open to (even admires) the "other" thought to a certain age, and he considers synthesis thinking at later ages. Tanpinar states in the letter that he wrote to a young lady from Antalya that he composed the foundations of his first period aesthetics due to the contributions from western (French) writers. The influence of the western writers on him has also inspired his interest in the materialist culture of the West. In 1953 and 1959 he organized two tours to Europe in order to see places where Western thought and culture were produced. He shared his impressions that he gained in European countries in his literary works. In the literary works of Tanpinar, Europe comes out as an aesthetic object. The most dominant facts of this aesthetic are music, painting, etc. In this work, in the writings of Tanpinar about the countries that he travelled in Europe, some factors were detected like European culture, lifestyle, socio-cultural relations, art and architecture, political and social history and so on. And the effects of European countries were compared with Tanpinar’s thought and aesthetics. Keywords: Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Europe, poetry, music, painting, culture, life

A University Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Willetts
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
University Education ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Universities have a crucial role in the modern world. In England, entrance to universities is by nation-wide competition which means English universities have an exceptional influence on schools--a striking theme of the book. This important book first investigates the university as an institution and then tracks the individual on their journey to and through university. In A University Education, David Willetts presents a compelling case for the ongoing importance of the university, both as one of the great institutions of modern society and as a transformational experience for the individual. The book also makes illuminating comparisons with higher education in other countries, especially the US and Germany. Drawing on his experience as UK Minister for Universities and Science from 2010 to 2014, the author offers a powerful account of the value of higher education and the case for more expansion. He covers controversial issues in which he was involved from access for disadvantaged students to the introduction of L9,000 fees. The final section addresses some of the big questions for the future, such as the the relationship between universities and business, especially in promoting innovation.. He argues that the two great contemporary trends of globalisation and technological innovation will both change the university significantly. This is an authoritative account of English universities setting them for the first time in their new legal and regulatory framework.

The New Islamic State

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Khosrokhavar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
The West ◽  
Patriarchal Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The creation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) changed the nature of jihadism worldwide. For a few years (2014–2017) it exemplified the destructive capacity of jihadism and created a new utopia aimed at restoring the past greatness and glory of the former caliphate. It also attracted tens of thousands of young wannabe combatants of faith (mujahids, those who make jihad) toward Syria and Iraq from more than 100 countries. Its utopia was dual: not only re-creating the caliphate that would spread Islam all over the world but also creating a cohesive, imagined community (the neo-umma) that would restore patriarchal family and put an end to the crisis of modern society through an inflexible interpretation of shari‘a (Islamic laws and commandments). To achieve these goals, ISIS diversified its approach. It focused, in the West, on the rancor of the Muslim migrants’ sons and daughters, on exoticism, and on an imaginary dream world and, in the Middle East, on tribes and the Sunni/Shi‘a divide, particularly in the Iraqi and Syrian societies.

Islamic International Relations Towards a Theoretical Framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gubara Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The World

The Western originators of the multi-disciplinary social sciences and their successors, including most major Western social intellectuals, excluded religion as an explanation for the world and its affairs. They held that religion had no role to play in modern society or in rational elucidations for the way world politics or/and relations work. Expectedly, they also focused most of their studies on the West, where religion’s effect was least apparent and argued that its influence in the non-West was a primitive residue that would vanish with its modernization, the Muslim world in particular. Paradoxically, modernity has caused a resurgence or a revival of religion, including Islam. As an alternative approach to this Western-centric stance and while focusing on Islam, the paper argues that religion is not a thing of the past and that Islam has its visions of international relations between Muslim and non-Muslim states or abodes: peace, war, truce or treaty, and preaching (da’wah).

Main Trends of Global Development: Its Reality and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Chumakov
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The West ◽  
West China ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global World ◽  
World Development

Abstract The article analyzes the main parameters of the modern world development, its architectonics and the most important development trends. Modern communications and principles of interaction of various social systems are also considered. As a result, the most significant cultural-cum-civilizational systems are distinguished – the West, China, the Islamic world and Russia, which represent four global trends or four vectors of power that fundamentally affect the current state and prospects of world development. It is emphasized that the West and China have a global strategy, provided by objective circumstances. The Islamic world and Russia occupy an important geopolitical position and also have a special status in the global world.

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