scholarly journals La fiducie : réflexion sur la réception judiciaire d’un nouveau code.

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-524
Author(s):  
Mario Naccarato
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Code Civil

Dans le Code civil du Québec de 1994, le législateur a innové en adoptant le concept original de patrimoine d’affectation pour encadrer la fiducie. Ce patrimoine n’est rattaché à personne. Ainsi, les biens qu’il comporte n’appartiennent à personne ! Contrairement à la fiducie du Code civil du Bas Canada, la nouvelle fiducie du Code civil du Québec permet une grande flexibilité dans sa création et son exécution. Aussi, elle permet a priori aux constituants d’en tirer une série de bénéfices, tout comme s’ils étaient propriétaires des biens composant le patrimoine fiduciaire. Voilà qui concorde mal avec le droit civil québécois, où le patrimoine constitue le gage commun des créanciers. En permettant la création d’un patrimoine où le constituant peut se réserver les fruits et le capital, le législateur québécois a créé un mécanisme qui se heurte au caractère personnaliste et traditionnel du patrimoine, unique à la personne. Autrement dit, nul ne peut détenir plus d’un patrimoine. La jurisprudence et, en particulier, la Cour suprême du Canada viennent le confirmer. Dans le présent article l’auteur s’emploie à démontrer que la jurisprudence limitant la portée des droits que peut se réserver le constituant d’une fiducie repose sur une série de concepts plus fondamentaux qu’il n’en appert à sa simple lecture.

Ursprünge transzendentaler Ästhetik. Zum Wandel von Kants Raum- und Zeitargumentation von derInauguraldissertation zurKritik

Kant-Studien ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-385
Author(s):  
Christian Martin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Representations Of Space ◽  
Widespread View

AbstractAccording to a widespread view, the essentials of Kant’s critical conception of space and time as set forth in the Transcendental Aesthetic can already be found in his 1770 Inaugural Dissertation. Contrary to this assumption, the present article shows that Kant’s later arguments for the a priori intuitive character of our original representations of space and time differ crucially from those contained in the Dissertation. This article highlights profound differences between Kant’s transcendental and his pre-critical conception of pure sensibility by systematically comparing the topic, method and argumentation of the First Critique with that of the Inaugural Dissertation. It thus contributes to a better understanding of the Transcendental Aesthetics itself, which allows one to distinguish its peculiar transcendental mode of argumentation from considerations made by the pre-critical Kant, with which it can easily be conflated.

scholarly journals When Does HARKing Hurt? Identifying When Different Types of Undisclosed Post Hoc Hypothesizing Harm Scientific Progress

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Post Hoc

Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report ( Kerr, 1998 ). In the present article, I discuss 3 forms of HARKing: (a) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses; (b) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses; and (c) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These 3 types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these 3 types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.

scholarly journals A Frequentist Alternative to Significance Testing, p-Values, and Confidence Intervals

Econometrics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Trafimow
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significance Testing ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing ◽  
P Values ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Major Section

There has been much debate about null hypothesis significance testing, p-values without null hypothesis significance testing, and confidence intervals. The first major section of the present article addresses some of the main reasons these procedures are problematic. The conclusion is that none of them are satisfactory. However, there is a new procedure, termed the a priori procedure (APP), that validly aids researchers in obtaining sample statistics that have acceptable probabilities of being close to their corresponding population parameters. The second major section provides a description and review of APP advances. Not only does the APP avoid the problems that plague other inferential statistical procedures, but it is easy to perform too. Although the APP can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, the present recommendation is that it be used alone.

scholarly journals Exploring language attitudes in ELF research: Contrasting approaches in conversation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Ishikawa ◽  
Sonia Morán Panero
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Ontological Position ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

AbstractWith reference to two recent doctoral research projects on ELF, the present article examines the characterisation of language attitudes as either stable or variable evaluative phenomena, and provides a detailed account of methodological practices that may be favoured from each ontological position. The durability of language attitudes is more specifically conceptualised as a stable (but not enduring) construct directed to a linguistic phenomenon in one thesis, and as variable and emergent forms of evaluative social practice around a language-related issue in the other. With these two different approaches in conversation, the authors consider the extent to which stability and variability of language attitudes may be two sides of the same coin, and question whether it is safe to assume a priori the inferability of stable language attitudes from the observation of evaluative practice. This article evidences the need for ELF researchers working in this area to contemplate what and how it is being researched in the name of language attitudes while having awareness of possible alternatives in any given study.

scholarly journals La responsabilité civile délictuelle

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Baudouin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cas A ◽  
Code Civil

Le présent article examine de façon critique la partie de l'Avant-projet de réforme du Code civil portant sur la responsabilité civile. Le projet est, dans l'ensemble, la codification sous une forme différente des règles législatives et jurisprudentielles actuelles. Il innove cependant dans certains domaines notamment celui de l'évaluation et des méthodes d'indemnisation du dommage compensatoire. Il cherche dans la plupart des cas à mieux adapter la règle de droit aux réalités modernes.

scholarly journals De la protection du propriétaire à la gestion du risque commercial : l’évolution du contrat à forfait en droit québécois

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Paquin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Gestion Du Risque ◽  
Code Civil

Malgré la volonté affirmée du législateur de reprendre dans le Code civil du Québec le droit antérieur relatif au contrat à forfait, la formulation de l’article 2109 CcQ diffère sur plusieurs points de celle de son prédécesseur, l’article 1690 CcBC. On peut donc se demander dans quelle mesure l’adoption du Code civil du Québec a entraîné ou signalé une modification du droit québécois en matière de contrats à forfait. Dans le présent article, nous comparerons les diverses interprétations des articles 1690 CcBC et 2109 CcQ et mettrons en lumière certaines incertitudes qui persistent relativement aux effets de ce dernier. Enfin, nous tenterons de mieux comprendre ces incertitudes à la lumière de la manière dont le concept de contrat d’entreprise a évolué au cours du 20e siècle.

scholarly journals When Does HARKing Hurt? Identifying When Different Types of Undisclosed Post Hoc Hypothesizing Harm Scientific Progress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Post Hoc

Hypothesizing after the results are known, or HARKing, occurs when researchers check their research results and then add or remove hypotheses on the basis of those results without acknowledging this process in their research report (Kerr, 1998). In the present article, I discuss three forms of HARKing: (1) using current results to construct post hoc hypotheses that are then reported as if they were a priori hypotheses; (2) retrieving hypotheses from a post hoc literature search and reporting them as a priori hypotheses; and (3) failing to report a priori hypotheses that are unsupported by the current results. These three types of HARKing are often characterized as being bad for science and a potential cause of the current replication crisis. In the present article, I use insights from the philosophy of science to present a more nuanced view. Specifically, I identify the conditions under which each of these three types of HARKing is most and least likely to be bad for science. I conclude with a brief discussion about the ethics of each type of HARKing.

scholarly journals Virtual reality and imagination - a possible ethical framework based on the thought of Gregory of Nazianzus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
Václav Ježek
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Present Article ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Firm Basis

AbstractThe present article discusses the thoughts of Gregory of Nazianzus in relation to virtual reality especially man-made virtual reality in all its forms. We argue that the benefits of virtual reality, such as freedom, imagination, creativity can be paradoxically curtailed by virtual reality itself, since it is highly subjective and as its medium shows, can be an a priori matrix and prison for the human being. Gregory of Nazianzus, building his theology on a firm basis on substance and contemplation, offers a way out, where one acknowledges everything around us as beneficial and beautiful and therefore free, but this must be based on a firm grounding of truthfulness and guidance offered by an all-encompassing form of Divine love and creativity.

scholarly journals Origines et évolution du droit québécois de l’absence : de l’existence incertaine aux présomptions de vie et de mort

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-281
Author(s):  
Étienne Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cette Question ◽  
Code Civil

Le présent article passe en revue les premières manifestations de l’institution de l’absence en droit romain et dans l’ancien droit français, pour ensuite retracer les origines — historiques et conceptuelles — du droit québécois de l’absence, et de détailler son évolution, du Code civil du Bas-Canada jusqu’au Code civil du Québec. Il cherche aussi à mettre en relief l’influence qu’a eue sur l’état actuel du droit québécois le traitement dans les systèmes de droit continental — napoléonien et germanique — de cette question. De plus, il entend démontrer que c’est non seulement dans l’optique de s’arrimer au développement technologique de l’époque, mais également devant le constat de l’impraticabilité de l’idée, propre au modèle napoléonien, du maintien de l’incertitude quant à la vie ou la mort de l’absent, que le législateur québécois l’a abandonnée au profit de celle, issue du droit germanique, selon laquelle sa vie est présumée jusqu’à ce qu’une preuve contraire soit suffisante. Il se questionne, ultimement, sur les développements à venir en matière d’absence en droit québécois.

Le formalisme pratique : de la morale à l’éthique

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-342
Author(s):  
Laurent De Briey
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
A Priori

Résumé L’actualité du kantisme en philosophie morale et politique est illustrée par l’importance en son sein des approches formelles, notamment l’éthique de la discussion et le libéralisme politique. Ces approches estiment que le formalisme pratique implique une réduction de la sphère de la rationalité pratique à la seule réflexion morale sur l’impartialité des normes, au détriment du questionnement éthique sur la vie bonne renvoyé à la particularité subjective. Dans le présent article, nous contestons la nécessité d’une telle implication et nous voulons montrer la possibilité de penser une éthique formelle : un jugement éthique a priori peut être fondé sur la seule nécessité de donner sens à la forme de la finitude.

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