Advancing the Liberal Order in British Columbia: The Role Played by Lieutenant-Governor Sir Hector-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, 1900–1906

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-113
Author(s):  
J. I. Little
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Executive Council ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The West ◽  
Reform Programme

Abstract This essay focuses on the role of Lieutenant-Governor Hector-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière in bringing political stability to British Columbia after the turn of the twentieth century. As well as ensuring that the composition of the executive council was based on federal party lines, he worked to ease federal-provincial tensions and exercised a significant influence on the McBride government’s highly effective economic reform programme. Joly has been largely ignored by historians, aside from his short term as Quebec premier, but his socially conservative liberalism made him an ideal promoter of Canada’s liberal order on the west coast.

Levantine Art in the “Orientalizing” Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 369-383
Author(s):  
Marian H. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The West ◽  
False Dichotomy ◽  
First Millennium

The “Orientalizing period” represents a scholarly designation used to describe the eighth and seventh centuries bce when regions in Greece, Italy, and farther west witnessed a flourishing of arts and cultures attributed to contact with cultural areas to the east—in particular that of the Phoenicians. This chapter surveys Orientalizing as an intellectual and historiographic concept and reconsiders the role of purportedly Phoenician arts within the existing scholarly narratives. The Orientalizing period should be understood as a construct of nineteenth- and twentieth-century scholarship that was structured around a false dichotomy between the Orient (the East) and the West. The designation “Phoenician” has a similarly complex historiographic past rooted in ancient Greek stereotyping that has profoundly shaped modern scholarly interpretations. This chapter argues that the luxury arts most often credited as agents of Orientalization—most prominent among them being carved ivories, decorated metal bowls, and engraved tridacna shells—cannot be exclusively associated with a Phoenician cultural origin, thus calling into question the primacy of the Phoenicians in Orientalizing processes. Each of these types of objects appears to have a much broader production sphere than is indicated by the attribute as Phoenician. In addition, the notion of unidirectional influences flowing from east to west is challenged, and instead concepts of connectivity and networking are proposed as more useful frameworks for approaching the problem of cultural relations during the early part of the first millennium bce.

scholarly journals The Decline of Religious Life in the Twentieth Century

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Anton Lingier ◽  
Wim Vandewiele
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Potential Reason ◽  
First Category ◽  
Cyclical Pattern

The decline in numbers of religious in the West is discussed in numerous studies. While there is a consensus about the statistical reality of decreasing numbers, scholars disagree about the alleged reasons for this decline. This article maps the field and presents a survey of four categories of answers to the question of why religious life declined during the twentieth century. A distinction is made between theories that ascribe the decline to (1) historical, (2) societal, (3) ecclesial, and (4) theological reasons. The first category views the decline as part of a historical-cyclical pattern of growth and decline. The second encompasses explanations that focus on secularization, professionalization, or new societal opportunities for women. Thirdly, post-conciliar church-organizational reasons will be discussed. Finally, pre-conciliar theology is investigated as a potential reason for the decline. While none of the reasons discussed here can be excluded from at least contributing to the decline, we demonstrate that some authors are mistaken in their conclusions due to misinterpreting data in a way that obscures the possibility of an emerging decline before the statistics peak in 1965 (which marks the end of the Council). We also demonstrate how theology has been an underestimated but significant influence on the statistics of religious life.

Ecological Identity, Empathy, and Experiential Learning: A Young Child's Explorations of a Nearby River

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Humphreys ◽  
Sean Blenkinsop
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Ecological Identity ◽  
The West ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Journal Entries

AbstractThis article uses an unconventional format to explore the role of parent and nature and the development of a young child's ecological identity. It follows journal entries from a mother observing her young son, Julian, as he explores, interacts with, and learns from the Stawamus River on the west coast of British Columbia. By creating questions, discussing and analysing these written observations, we explore the role of parenting and nature and the implications this might have for environmental education. Some of the ideas explored in this article include early ecological identity, empathy, relational existence, experiential learning, and affordances in the natural world. We further suggest that nature and parent working together might become key educators for a child.

Are the BRICS a Viable Alternative to the West? A Succinct Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Calderón-Zaks
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Global South ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
The West ◽  
The People

Abstract In this article I briefly examine the perceived role of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—also known as the BRICS—as an alternative to the West in the Global South. Their patterns of development must be placed in the context of the West’s development prior to and during the twentieth century. In fact, the burden of “development” remains on the shoulders of the people on the peripheries of the Americas and Africa.

Homer: A relational mnemohistory

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Erll
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twentieth Century Literature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The West ◽  
Memory Culture ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
Century Literature

This article proposes to extend the prevalent short-term and presentist frameworks of research on transcultural memory and to consider its dynamics across long-term relational mnemohistories. After more than two and a half millennia, “Homer” and the Homeric epics still resonate in memory cultures across the world. But they are often erroneously cast as “European heritage” or “foundations of the West.” This is the result of what I call a tenacious “Homeric genea-logic.” Highlighting three moments in the relational mnemohistory of Homer, this article shows, first, that already during their emergence in the archaic age, the Homeric epics were relational objects; second, how during the Middle Ages Homer could arrive in Petrarch’s Italy only as a product of relational remembering between the Roman and the Byzantine empires; and third, how twentieth-century literature (Joyce, Walcott) developed conscious modes of mnemonic relationality connecting diverse cultural memories. Relationality thus emerges as a key term for a reflexive memory culture today, a tool to overcome exclusive memory logics (“Homer as the heritage of Europe”) while enabling the articulation of meaningful long-term transcultural memories (“Homer as relational heritage in Europe”).

Academician Sitaryan. Create the future for today

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-188
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Yakutin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reform Processes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Free Economic Society — VEO of Russia, is preparing a series of articles devoted to members of the academy who actively collaborated with VEO. Academician Sitaryan S.A. entered the economic history of Russia both as a prominent theoretical scientist, and as a talented organizer of economic reform processes, and as an active participant in the life of VEO. The article analyzes the scientific views of Academician S. Sitaryan on the problems of reforming the Soviet economy, starting with the «kosygin reform» and up to the reform of the late 80s of the twentieth century. The role of academician S. Sitaryan is revealed. in approving value categories in the practice of managing the national economy. The contribution of S. Sitaryan to the theory of analysis of macro- and microeconomic processes is shown; organization and assessment of the effectiveness of foreign economic relations; building rational and optimal budgetary relations between the center and the regions.

Introduced versus native plants in austral forests

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Holland ◽  
Sherry Olson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Successional Vegetation

Despite the concern of some nineteenth- and early twentieth-century biologists, relatively few alien species have become established in undisturbed forests of Australia, Madagascar or New Zealand. All three countries have large 'naturalized' floras adapted to frequent disturbance. The short-term advantages of these alien plants - short life cycles, fast growth, abundant seed and plasticity of habit - have allowed them to cover large areas of disturbed ground and to coexist with native plants in early successional vegetation. Very few persist in mature forest. The threat to the austral forests is human disturbance, and there is need for research on the native plants which perform the specialized role of repairing canopy after disturbance.

The changes in the migration patterns in the post-Soviet states: the first decade

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Korobkov ◽  
Zhanna A. Zaionchkovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Migration Flows

Following a short-term burst of migration activity after the dissolution of the USSR, the current situation is marked by the unusually low population territorial mobility, defined by both the political and, increasingly, the socioeconomic factors. While this trend indicates some degree of minority accommodation, it also demonstrates the depth of economic crisis and increasing socioeconomic differentiation. Visible also is the disproportionate influence exercised by Russia on the formation of migration flows in the region. Remaining the major recipient of migrants, Russia increasingly plays a role of supplier of labor migrants to the West, and acts as a ‘‘bridge’’ for those attempting to reach Western Europe. Meanwhile, Russia still lacks an effective legislative base, institutional mechanisms, and political will for dealing with the new migration flows.

scholarly journals Strategic Hypocrisy: The British Imperial Scripting of Tibet's Geopolitical Identity

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dibyesh Anand
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
The West ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Western Idea ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
British Imperialist

The protests in and around Tibet in 2008 show that Tibet's status within China remains unsettled. The West is not an outsider to the Tibet question, which is defined primarily in terms of the debate over the status of Tibet vis-à-vis China. Tibet's modern geopolitical identity has been scripted by British imperialism. The changing dynamics of British imperial interests in India affected the emergence of Tibet as a (non)modern geopolitical entity. The most significant aspect of the British imperialist policy practiced in the first half of the twentieth century was the formula of “Chinese suzerainty/Tibetan autonomy.” This strategic hypocrisy, while nurturing an ambiguity in Tibet's status, culminated in the victory of a Western idea of sovereignty. It was China, not Tibet, that found the sovereignty talk most useful. The paper emphasizes the world-constructing role of contesting representations and challenges the divide between the political and the cultural, the imperial and the imaginative.

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