scholarly journals Altered States: Translation and Minority Languages

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cronin
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Linguistic Complexity ◽  
Language Bias ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Intellectual Inquiry ◽  
Translation Practice

Abstract Altered States: Translation and Minority Languages — The linguistic complexity of Europe is often ignored in political accounts of its translation practice. In particular, the historical experience and contemporary fate of European minority languages are overlooked in assessing the translation strategies available to speakers of minority languages. The problem partly results from a failure to think creatively about definitions of minority languages in a translation context. This context includes the dimension of new technologies which may lead to a new reclassification of languages in Europe and elsewhere. The role of translation in the case of one European minority language, Irish Gaelic, is considered in terms of the dilemmas faced by lesser used languages. Translation is both welcomed and feared. The options available to translators in minority languages differ crucially from those on offer to translators in majority languages. These differences need to be reflected in the theoretical discourse on translation in minority languages but this is not often the case. Furthermore, translation studies as a discipline rarely reflects on its own majority language bias, embedded in the structures of the disciplinary dissemination of knowledge. Minority languages are not only essential to a diversity that sustains the fragile ecosystem of human culture but they also raise questions that lie at the heart of translation studies as an area of intellectual inquiry.

The Role of Corpora in Investigating the Linguistic Behaviour of Professional Translators

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Baker
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Linguistic Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

The Translational English Corpus held at the Centre for Translation Studies at UMIST is a computerised collection of authentic, published translations into English from a variety of source languages and by a wide range of professional translators. This resource provides the basis for investigating a range of issues related to the distinctive nature of translated text, the style of individual translators, the impact of individual source languages on the patterning of English, the impact of text type on translation strategies, and other issues of interest to both the translation scholar and the linguist. Most importantly, this concrete resource allows us to develop a framework for investigating the validity of theoretical statements about the nature of translation with reference to actual translation practice.

scholarly journals From Translation Studies and audiovisual translation to media accessibility

Target ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Remael ◽  
Nina Reviers ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The One

Abstract Recent developments in Translation Studies and translation practice have not only led to a profusion of approaches, but also to the development of new text forms and translation modes. Media Accessibility, particularly audio description (AD) and subtitling for the deaf and hard-of-hearing (SDH), is an example of such a ‘new’ mode. SDH has been evolving quickly in recent decades and new developments such as interlingual SDH and live subtitling with speech recognition bring it closer to established forms of translation and interpreting. On the one hand, interlingual SDH reintroduces Jakobson’s (1959) ‘translation proper’ while the use of speech recognition has led to the creation of a hybrid form that has affinities with both subtitling and interpreting. Audio description, for its part, cannot even be fitted into Jakobson’s ‘intersemiotic translation’ model since it involves translation from images into words. Research into AD is especially interesting since it rallies methods from adjacent disciplines, much in the same way that Holmes ([1972] 1988) described TS when it was a fledgling discipline. In 2008, Braun set out a research agenda for AD and the wealth of topics and research approaches dealt with in her article illustrate the immense complexity of this field and the work still to be done. Although AD and SDH research have developed at different paces and are concerned with different topics, converging trends do appear. Particularly the role of technology and the concept of multimodality seem to be key issues. This article aims to give an overview of current research trends in both these areas. It illustrates the possibilities of technology-driven research – particularly popular in SDH and live-subtitling research – while at the same time underlining the value of individual, human-driven approaches, which are still the main ‘modus operandi’ in the younger discipline of AD where much basic research is still required.

Game localisation as software-mediated cultural experience: Shedding light on the changing role of translation in intercultural communication in the digital age

Multilingua ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minako O’Hagan
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Cross Lingual

AbstractIn this rapidly technologising age translation practice has been undergoing formidable changes with the implication that there is a need to expand the disciplinary scope of translation studies. Taking the case of game localisation this article problematises the role of translation as intercultural communication by focusing on cultural elements of video games. Game localisation evolved in response to the game industry’s need to distribute game software in territories other than the country of origin whereby adjusting games technically, linguistically and culturally to suit the requirements of the target market. Despite the importance of this cross-lingual and cross-cultural operation for the industry’s success in the global market, game localisation remains an underreported area of research in translation studies. A critical analysis of game localisation as generating software-mediated cultural experiences reveals intercultural communication issues due to the nature of modern digital games as technological and cultural artefacts. By combining translation studies perspectives and the theoretical framework of critical theory of technology, the author argues that game localisation is eliciting something new about the role of translation in forging intercultural communication in the digital age.

scholarly journals The Role of Culture in Dubbing TV Advertisements into Arabic: The Case of Chocolate Commercials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies ◽  
Ameena Haroun Abdulla Al-Haroon ◽  
Rashid Yahiaoui
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
Modern Standard Arabic ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
Modern Standard

This study aims to explore the transcreation of television advertisements that were dubbed from English into vernacular and modern standard Arabic, and to propose translation as an integral part of marketing a product internationally. The study attempts to achieve these aims by looking at the pragmatic concept of presupposition in translation studies, guided by micro-translation strategies of cultural themes. The study employs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (1943) and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions (1984) to analyze the translation of three cultural themes: methods of persuasion, stereotypes, and humor. Further themes, per each cultural themes are explored: persuasion through foreignization, persuasion through localization of norms and preferences, persuasion through adapting types of register, portraying the Arab culture as storytellers, verbalizing stereotypes through linguistic clichés and idioms, hyperbole in humor, and modification of irony in humor. The study concludes that micro-translation strategies: (1) in terms of cultural themes, are not exclusive to either a Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or a vernacular Arabic dialect; and (2) are used concurrently across cultural sub-themes.

scholarly journals Censorship as Cultural Blockage: Banned Literature in the Late Habsburg Monarchy

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Selection Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract For Stephen Greenblatt, cultures are “inherently unstable, mediatory modes of fashioning experience,” and it is only through the imaginary order of exclusion that a culture can be simulated as a stable entity. Greenblatt calls such an exclusion “blockage,” a phenomenon that occurs constantly, thereby preventing the collapse of cultural identity. What does this mean for translation practice, where such “blockages,” i.e., textual manipulation or re-writing, can be regarded as constitutive elements of the translation process? This paper examines the question in the particular context of translation practice in the late Habsburg Monarchy. The paper will analyse the different agents which underlie the selection mechanisms–or “exclusion procedures”–in translation and will explore the phenomenon of censorship from both a metaphorical and systemic point of view. The agents involved in the selection of texts to be translated as well as in the selection of translation strategies are manifold and are all interwoven. The selection of texts automatically represents a filter for the analysis of a certain period and is, therefore, a key agent in the reception process. Other important agents are patrons, who are often themselves translators and vital representatives of cultural mediation, as well as translators from various backgrounds, involved to varying degrees in contemporary cultural discourse. Finally, the role of editors, publishers and reviewers as main filters of representations of the cultural Other in a particular culture will be considered. Greenblatt’s model of “cultural blockage” will be examined against this background. Its applicability and limits will be discussed in the context of translation where the issue of the representation of the Other is of paramount importance and where “blockage” definitely illustrates the recognition of cultural distance.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Translation Students’ Personality Characteristics and Their Preference for Using Translation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Navidinia ◽  
Parisa Imani ◽  
Mohsen Mobaraki
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
The Relationship

For years, research in translation studies has focused on examining linguistic and sociolinguistic features of the source and target texts, and the active role of a translator as an important agent in the process of producing a target text has been underestimated. However, recently the importance of the influential role of translators and their personal characteristics have been highlighted. Considering this important development, the aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between translation students’ personality characteristics and their preference for using translation strategies based on two translation strategy models proposed by Vinay and Darblenet (1995) and Venuti (1995). For so doing, 100 translation students were asked to answer the NEO FFM Personality scale and choose one of the suggested translations for each of the 69 sentences designed based on the translation models. The data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22) and Smart PLS (3.0) software. The findings indicated that some of the participants’ personality traits like neuroticism and openness to experience had a significant relationship with the use of some translation strategies such as adaptation, modulation and borrowing. The findings were discussed and the implications were made. 

scholarly journals Ewolucja kształcenia tłumaczy zawodowych w kontekście wyzwań współczesnego przekładoznawstwa i wymogów rynku pracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (44) ◽  
pp. 199-216
Author(s):  
Teresa Tomaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Research Universities ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Market Force ◽  
Study Program ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Market Needs

The Evolution of Professional Translators’ Education in the Context of the Challenges of Contemporary Translation Studies and of Market Needs In the last years, we have been observing very important changes in translation markets. The constantly developing new technologies but also the new challenges of the labor market force us to redefine the image and role of contemporary translators, from whom ever new competences are required. The translators’ training programs must respond to this reality, providing them with the opportunity to adapt to the changes taking place. In this article, the author presents the evolution of the approach to competences taught in the framework of programs accepted for the EMT network from 2008 till 2019. In this context, she analyzes the academic dimension of professional training, and – more specifically – focuses on the effects of teaching in the context of a master’s seminar, which is a compulsory element of the study program. She shows that educational tasks properly set within this module are closely related to the challenges faced by research universities as defined by the new law concerning higher education and science adopted in Poland on 10.07.2018.

scholarly journals Odgrywanie emigracji: tłumacze-poeci leningradzkiego podziemia, przeł. Edyta Kurzawa

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
Miriam Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Literary Field ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
Poetry Translation

Performance of Exile: Poet-Translators in the Leningrad Underground Literary translation during the Soviet period has been mostly analysed in terms of conforming to or resisting the dominant ideology. However, there were spaces where translation practices were to a certain extent free from this dichotomy, though excluded from the official literary field. The focus of the article is the particular condition of displacement or exile experienced by the underground poets who lived in Leningrad during the 1980s. The samizdat poet-translator plays the role of an exile, living on the fringes of the society and creating a network in the underground. The outcomes of this “performance of exile” are the translated texts, which show the handprints of the translator’s conditions. The article responds to Anthony Pym’s call for humanizing Translation History, and using the sociological tools developed in Translation Studies by Daniel Simeoni and Moira Inghilleri, it investigates the role of context, agent and text in the poetry translation practice of late samizdat.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

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