scholarly journals Effects of Soils on the Holocene History of Forest Communities, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Tzedakis
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Pine Pollen ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Palynological evidence from a sediment sequence in Owl Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, documents the persistence of an area of oak-white pine dominated vegetation through most of the Holocene. The small size of the basin (1.6 ha) and its small catchment area suggest that it receives most pollen from nearby vegetation and consequently its pollen record can be used to study the history of the surrounding forests. The 10,500-year pollen record showed three main phases of relative vegetational stability. A late-glacial spruce-jack pine forest phase, followed by an early Holocene phase when white pine dominated the landscape while oak and pitch pine became increasingly important. After 9000 yr BP, an oak-dominated forest was established. White pine continued to be an important component of the forest. This pattern is similar to vegetational changes elsewhere in southern New England, except for the relatively high values of pine pollen, which reflect the influence of the sandy glacial soils on Cape Cod. The pollen record from Owl Pond is compared with that from another site on Cape Cod, Duck Pond. Oak pollen values are higher at Owl Pond, but values of pitch pine pollen are higher at Duck Pond for the past 8000 years. Soil type (composition, texture) is judged to be the most important factor in maintaining the differences between the two sites. The results from Owl Pond suggest that mainly through the local control of the substrate, a mosaic of oak-dominated patches of vegetation existed at places on Cape Cod during the Holocene, interspersed within a pitch pine-dominated landscape.

Holocene Climate of New England

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret B. Davis ◽  
Ray W. Spear ◽  
Linda C. K. Shane
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
White Pine ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
History Of ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species

AbstractStratigraphic studies of pollen and macrofossils from six sites at different elevations in the White Mountains of New Hampshire demonstrate changes in the distributions of four coniferous tree species during the Holocene. Two species presently confined to low elevations extended farther up the mountain slopes during the early Holocene: white pine grew 350 m above its present limit beginning 9000 yr B.P., while hemlock grew 300–400 m above its present limit soon after the species immigrated to the region 7000 yr. B.P. Hemlock disappeared from the highest sites about 5000 yr B.P., but both species persisted at sites 50–350 m above their present limits until the Little Ice Age began a few centuries ago. The history of the two main high-elevation conifers is more difficult to interpret. Spruce and fir first occur near their present upper limits 9000 or 10,000 yr B.P. Fir persisted in abundance at elevations similar to those where it occurs today throughout the Holocene, while spruce became infrequent at all elevations from the beginning of the Holocene until 2000 yr B.P. These facts suggest a more complex series of changes than a mere upward shift of the modern environmental gradient. Nevertheless, we conclude that the minimum climatic change which would explain the upward extensions of hemlock and white pine is a rise in temperature, perhaps as much as 2°C. The interval of maximum warmth started 9000 yr B.P. and lasted at least until 5000 yr B.P., correlative with the Prairie Period in Minnesota.

Late-Glacial and Postglacial Vegetational History of the Berkshires, Western Massachusetts

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
New England ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Berkshire County ◽  
History Of

A pollen analytical investigation of the sediments of Berry Pond, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, has demonstrated a sequence of pollen assemblage zones similar to those detected elsewhere in New England. From about 13,000 to 12,000 yr B.P. the vegetation of the region was treeless, probably tundra. By 11,500 yr tundra had been replaced by open boreal forest. Closed boreal forest became dominant by 10,500 yr. Boreal forests were replaced by mixed coniferous and deciduous forests with much white pine about 9600 yr ago. A “northern hardwoods” complex with much hemlock, beech, and sugar maple succeeded the mixed forests 8600 yr ago. Hemlock declined very rapidly approximately 4800 yr ago and was replaced by birch, oak, beech, ash, and red maple. This decline may have been biologically rather than climatically induced. There is a slight maximum of pine (much of it pitch pine) from 4100 to 2600 yr ago, perhaps indicative of warmer and/or drier conditions. There were slight changes in the forests about 1600 yr ago as chestnut immigrated and spruce and larch increased slightly. European land clearance and subsequent land abandonment are detectable in the uppermost levels.

Holocene and latest Pleistocene fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier, Canadian Rockies

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Osborn ◽  
B J Robinson ◽  
B H Luckman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Canadian Rockies ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacier Advance

The Holocene and late glacial history of fluctuations of Stutfield Glacier are reconstructed using moraine stratigraphy, tephrochronology, and dendroglaciology. Stratigraphic sections in the lateral moraines contain tills from at least three glacier advances separated by volcanic tephras and paleosols. The oldest, pre-Mazama till is correlated with the Crowfoot Advance (dated elsewhere to be Younger Dryas equivalent). A Neoglacial till is found between the Mazama tephra and a paleosol developed on the Bridge River tephra. A log dating 2400 BP from the upper part of this till indicates that this glacier advance, correlated with the Peyto Advance, culminated shortly before deposition of the Bridge River tephra. Radiocarbon and tree-ring dates from overridden trees exposed in moraine sections indicate that the initial Cavell (Little Ice Age (LIA)) Advance overrode this paleosol and trees after A.D. 1271. Three subsequent phases of the Cavell Advance were dated by dendrochronology. The maximum glacier extent occurred in the mid-18th century, predating 1743 on the southern lateral, although ice still occupied and tilted a tree on the north lateral in 1758. Subsequent glacier advances occurred ca. 1800–1816 and in the late 19th century. The relative extent of the LIA advances at Stutfield differs from that of other major eastward flowing outlets of the Columbia Icefield, which have maxima in the mid–late 19th century. This is the first study from the Canadian Rockies to demonstrate that the large, morphologically simple, lateral moraines defining the LIA glacier limits are actually composite features, built up progressively (but discontinuously) over the Holocene and contain evidence of multiple Holocene- and Crowfoot-age glacier advances.

scholarly journals Palaeogeographical And Archaeological Records Of Natural Changes Of The Jordanowo-Niesulice Subglacial Channel Near Lubrza, The Lubusz Lakeland

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ratajczak-Szczerba ◽  
Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka ◽  
Iwona Okuniewska-Nowaczyk
Keyword(s):  
Late Glacial ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geomorphological Analysis ◽  
Geological Research ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract The region of the Lubusz Lakeland in western Poland where there are a lot of subglacial channels provides opportunity for multi-proxy palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. None of them has not been the object of a specific study. The developmental history of the palaeolakes and their vicinity in the subglacial trough Jordanowo-Niesulice, spanning the Late Glacial and beginning of the Holocene, was investigated using geological research, lithological and geomorphological analysis, geochemical composition, palynological and archaeological research, OSL and AMS-radiocarbon dating. Geological research shows varied morphology of subglacial channel where at least two different reservoirs functioned in the end of the Last Glacial period and at the beginning of the Holocene. Mostly during the Bølling-Allerød interval and at the beginning of the Younger Dryas there took place melting of buried ice-blocks which preserved the analysied course of the Jordanowo-Niesulice trough. The level of water, and especially depth of reservoirs underwent also changes. Palynological analysis shows very diversified course of the Allerød interval.

scholarly journals Holocene paleoclimatic and paleohydrological changesin the Sárrét basin, NW Hungary

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Sümegi ◽  
Sándor Gulyás ◽  
Gergő Persaits
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Core Profile ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water Species

According to detailed sedimentological and paleontological analyses carried out on samples taken from the Sárrét–Nádasdladány core-profile, a complete environmental history of a neotectonic depression was drawn. The sequence is composed of fluvial-lacustrine and marshland deposits which started to accumulate during the Late Glacial and culminated at the beginning of the Holocene. The highly characteristic changes in the biofacies were linked to changes in the lithofacies within this sequence. A transition in the dominance of moving water species, observable initially in lacustrine species preferring well-lit, well-oxygenated conditions was observed. Eventually, the littoral and eutrophic lacustrine species, as well as marsh-dwellers, became dominant in the profile, marking the emergence of uniform peat land in the Sárrét Basin.

A record of late-Holocene environmental change from southern New England, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wyatt Oswald ◽  
David R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

AbstractAnalyses of a sediment core from Little Pond, located in the town of Bolton, Massachusetts, provide new insights into the history of environmental and ecological changes in southern New England during the late Holocene. Declines in organic content and peaks in the abundance of Isoetes spores indicate reduced water depth at 2900–2600, 2200–1800, and 1200–800 calibrated years before present (cal yr BP), generally consistent with the timing of dry conditions in records from elsewhere in the northeastern United States. The Little Pond pollen record features little change over the last 3000 yr, indicating that the surrounding vegetation was relatively insensitive to these periods of drought. The 1200–800 cal yr BP dry interval, however, coincides with increased abundance of Castanea pollen, suggesting that the expansion of Castanea in southern New England may have been influenced by late-Holocene climatic variability.

Vegetation and disturbance history of a rare dwarf pitch pine community in western New England, USA

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1455-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Motzkin ◽  
David A. Orwig ◽  
David R. Foster
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Disturbance History ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
History Of

Stability of Holocene Climate Regimes in the Yellowstone Region

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Whitlock ◽  
Patrick J. Bartlein ◽  
Kelli J. Van Norman
Keyword(s):  
Early Holocene ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Holocene Climate ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Climate History ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wet Climate

AbstractA 12,500-yr pollen record from Loon Lake, Wyoming provides information on the climate history of the southwestern margin of Yellowstone National Park. The environmental reconstruction was used to evaluate hypotheses that address spatial variations in the Holocene climate of mountainous regions. Loon Lake lies within the summer-dry/winter-wet climate regime. An increase in xerophytic pollen taxa suggests drier-than-present conditions between ca. 9500 and 5500 14C yr B.P. This response is consistent with the hypothesis that increased summer radiation and the expansion of the east Pacific subtropical high-pressure system in the early Holocene intensified summer drought at locations within the summer-dry/winter-wet regime. This climate history contrasts with that of nearby sites in the summer-wet/winter-dry region, which were under the influence of stronger summer monsoonal circulation in the early Holocene. The Loon Lake record implies that the location of contrasting climate regimes did not change in the Yellowstone region during the Holocene. The amplitude of the regimes, however, was determined by the intensity of circulation features and these varied with temporal changes in the seasonal distribution of solar radiation.

scholarly journals CASE HISTORY OF THE CAPE COD CANAL

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
John E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Case History ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Narrow Neck ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Origin ◽  
Northern New England

No more interesting or appealing subject than the Cape Cod Canal could be assigned to one who is engaged in the study and development of navigation in New England. This sea-level canal, located 50 miles south of Boston at the narrow neck of land joining Cape Cod to the mainland, principally serves coastwise shipping to and from Boston and Northern New England. While it was only completed in 1940 no one should entertain the thought that it is of recent origin.

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