scholarly journals Labour Earnings Identity

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-848
Author(s):  
A. F. McKee
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Price Deflator

An earnings identity may be constructed to relate consistently changes in factor earnings, share of income, productivity, unit costs and price deflator. The case of labour is the most relevant, and is readily illustrated by using GNP and Labour Force statistics. These 'global' changes may be linked up in workable fashion with changes in the Consumer Price Index and wage statistics. The attempt to refine the terms of the identity introduces problems of consistency of definition and improves Utile on the crude results.

Retail and Consumer Prices, 1955-1963

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. H. Godley ◽  
D. A. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
National Income ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Correct Analysis ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Retail Prices

This paper gives an account of a method of forecasting the Ministry of Labour's retail prices index, and of deriving from it a forecast of the consumer price index. (This is the index used in the National Income statistics to deflate the value of consumers' expenditure to volume terms.) Good forecasting obviously has to be based on a correct analysis of the factors which determine price changes; the article throws light on the way in which cost changes are taken into account when prices are changed. It seems that retail prices (apart from seasonal food prices) do not respond directly to short-term fluctuations in demand and output. Businessmen do not raise prices because demand suddenly rises; nor on the other hand do they lower them when output moves up sharply and unit costs fall. The analysis, therefore, provides further support for the ‘normal cost’ theory of pricing—that businessmen set prices by calculating their costs when working at some normal capacity, and add a conventional margin.

Dampak Penerapan Perbankan Syari’ah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara: Kajian Perbandingan Malaysia dan Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Hansen Rusliani
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Domestic Product

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak perbankan syari’ah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dan Malaysia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data primer (interview) dan data sekunder dalam bentuk bulanan yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Ekonomi dan Keuangan Indonesia Bank Indonesia (SEKI-BI) dan Statistik Perbankan Syari’ah Bank Indonesia (SPS-BI) serta data dari Bank Negara Malaysia dan Departemen Statistik Malaysia dalam periode waktu kurun waktu 16 tahun, 2000 sampai dengan 2015. Observasi penelitian dilakukan di Indonesia dan Malaysia untuk memperkaya analisis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Vector Autoregression (VAR), Uji Kointegrasi serta dikombinasikan dengan Response Function (IRF) dan Decomposition (FEVD) untuk melihat interaksi antara faktor makro ekonomi dengan pembiayaan dalam jangka panjang. Adapun variabel yang digunakan adalah total pembiayan syari’ah (Total Syari’ah Financing) dan Gross Domestic Product (GDP) sebagai representasi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Untuk tambahan variabel digunakan Consumer Price Index (CPI) sebagai representasi tingkat inflasi. Hipotesis penelitian yaitu terdapat pertumbuhan ekonomi setiap tahunnya dikedua negara tersebut pasca krisis moneter.

The 2018 revision of the Consumer Price Index geographic sample

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Paben ◽  
William Johnson ◽  
John Schilp
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index

Using the Consumer Price Index in Forecasting for Small Geographic Areas

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-401
Author(s):  
Joseph Rabianski ◽  
Julian Diaz ◽  
Neil Carn
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index

Errors in National Institute Forecasts of Personal Incomes, Inflation and Employment, 1965-75

1976 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J.H. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forecasting Performance ◽  
Current Price ◽  
Personal Incomes

This article examines the accuracy of the National Institute's forecasts of incomes, inflation and employment from 1965 to 1975. It is found that in recent years the Institute has tended to underestimate inflation, although less seriously for the consumer price index than the other current price variables studied. The accuracy of the forecasts has generally increased in relative terms, although it has deteriorated in absolute terms. The forecasting performance in 1974 was particularly poor but there has been a distinct improvement in 1975 and 1976.

ATTAINMENT OF HIGHER ENROLLMENT RATES IN PAKISTAN: A MACROECONOMIC AND ECONOMETRIC STUDY

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (07) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Shahbaz Nawaz ◽  
Rahat Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Ramzan Arshad ◽  
Munwar Bagum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Long Run ◽  
University Enrollment ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Short Run

Education is always considered as the major determinant for the development of any economy. Enrollment at various levels also shows that how much education is common within the citizens of the country. Considering the importance of enrollment, the current study examines the influence of some macroeconomic variables on various levels i.e. primary, secondary, higher, college, professional and university enrollment in Pakistan. Time series data has been gathered on consumer price index, government revenue, employed labor force, government expenditure, and health expenditure for the period from 1972 to 2010. For long run estimates, Johansen Co integration test is used and short run estimates are taken through error correction model. The results of the study exhibit positive association of employed labor force, government expenditure and health expenditure with primary, secondary, higher, college, professional and university enrollment in Pakistan. On the other side, consumer price index and government revenue have been found to be inversely influencing enrollment at various levels. Short run results are also much favorable for the economy and reveals convergence towards long run equilibrium due to any disturbances in the short run period. At the end study gives some policy implications that government should decrease consumer price index and tax rate and to increase government expenditure in terms of education and health for higher enrollment rates in Pakistan.

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