scholarly journals Troubles mentaux et violence

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Millaud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Mentally Disordered ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Troubles Mentaux ◽  
History Of

Epidemiologic and clinical studies are presented of persons with mental disorders and a history of violent behavior. Knowledge of the risk factors associated with acts of violence committed by mentally disordered persons is essential for the initiation of preventive programs. The aim of this paper is therefore to introduce epidemiologic and clinical elements useful in assessing these risk factors. Furthermore, intervention strategies are described to deal with violence in mentally ill patients.

scholarly journals De l’autostigmatisation aux origines du processus de stigma- tisation. A propos de l’enquête internationale « Santé mentale en population générale : images et réalités » en France et dans 17 pays

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Luc Roelandt ◽  
Aude Caria ◽  
Imane Benradia ◽  
Simon Vasseur Bacle
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Troubles Mentaux ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
To Come ◽  
Population Générale

Resume: L’archétype du « fou » représente le paradigme du processus de stigmatisation et l’histoire de la folie apparaît comme une tentative de la faire disparaître en la médicalisant au profit de la notion de « maladie mentale ». Les résultats de l’enquête internationale SMPG nous montrent l’échec de la médicalisation de la folie à réduire la stigmatisation. Cette enquête décrit les représentations sociales associées aux archétypes du « fou », du « malade mental » et du « dépressif ». Réalisée en France (67 sites d’enquête) et dans 17 pays (20 sites internationaux), elle décrit les variants et invariants de ces trois archétypes. Elle décrit les facteurs d’une stigmatisation importante pour le groupe « fou / malade mental » : non responsabilité, non contrôlabilité, médicalisation, mauvais pronostic et dangerosité. Quel que soit le pays, le noyau dur des représentations associant folie et danger est enraciné dans l’imaginaire collectif et le « malade mental » porte les attributs d’un « fou » médicalisé. A l’inverse, l’étiquette « dé- pressif » semble plus acceptable et moins exposée à la stigmatisation. Très peu de personnes se reconnaissent dans la représentation collective du « fou » ou du “malade mental”, même celles qui ont des troubles mentaux diagnostiqués. Dès lors, comment sortir de la dichotomie folie/raison, eux/nous à la base du processus de stigmatisation, si pour tout le monde, et même les personnes qui ont des troubles, le fou c’est l’autre? Ce sera peut-être le rôle des patients eux-mêmes de lutter contre la stigmatisation et l’auto stigmatisation dans les années à venir. From the self-stigmatization to the origins of the stigmatization process. With regard to the survey «Mental health in the general population: images and realities» in France and 17 countries Abstract: The archetype of the ‘mad’ represents the paradigm of the stigmatization process and the history of madness appear as an attempt to make it disappear by their medicalization for the benefit of the concept of ‘mental illness ‘. The SMPG international survey results show the failure of the medicalization of madness to reduce stigma. This investigation describes the social representations associated to the archetypes of the ‘mad’, the “mentally ill” and the “depressed”. Made in France (67 sites) and in 17 countries (20 international sites), she describes the variants and invariants of these three archetypes. It describes the factors of significant stigmatization for the group ‘ mad / mentally ill ‘: non-responsibility, non-controllability, medicalization, poor prognosis and dangerousness. Regardless of the country, the hard core of representations combining madness and danger is rooted in the collective imagination and the “mentally ill” bears the attributes of a ‘mad’ medicalized. Conversely, the “depressive” label seems more acceptable and less exposed to stigma. Very few people recognize themselves in the collective representation of the ‘mad’ or the ‘mentally ill’, even those who have diagnosed mental disorders. Therefore, how to exit to the dichotomies madness/reason, us /them that are at the base of the process of stigmatization, if for all the people, and even people who have mental disorders, mad it is the other? This may be the role of the patients themselves to combat the stigma and self-stigma in the years to come.

scholarly journals Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the Undergraduate Students of Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Shishir Paudel ◽  
Himlal Gautam ◽  
Chiranjivi Adhikari ◽  
Dipendra Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Background: The university period is taken as a risk period for the onset of several mental disorders as this period is stressful and most of the lifetime mental disorders start typically during this young age. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduates residing at Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 681 undergraduates from different academic institutions of Pokhara Metropolitan using DASS-21 to assess the level of depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among the participants was found to be 38.2%, 46.9%, and 24.1% respectively. The level of depression and stress was not associated with the academic discipline but the higher prevalence was noted among the students from the non-technical group. The major risk factors associated with depression, anxiety and stress were parental education, family history of psychiatric disorders, self-esteem, and academic performance.Conclusions: The prevalence of mental disorders is high among the undergraduates. Further assessment of these disorders targeting students from different academic disciplines is recommended.Keywords: Anxiety; depression; risk factors; stress; undergraduates

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Community Acquired Extended-Spectrum Β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S345-S345
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Goyal ◽  
Kristin Dascomb ◽  
Peter S Jones ◽  
Bert K Lopansri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Community-acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae infections pose unique treatment challenges. Identifying risk factors associated with ESBL Enterobacteriaceae infections outside of prior colonization is important for empiric management in an era of antimicrobial stewardship. Methods We randomly selected 251 adult inpatients admitted to an Intermountain healthcare facility in Utah with an ESBL Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infection (UTI) between January 1, 2001 and January 1, 2016. 1:1 matched controls had UTI at admission with Enterobacteriaceae but did not produce ESBL. UTI at admission was defined as urine culture positive for > 100,000 colony forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) of Enterobacteriaceae and positive symptoms within 7 days prior or 2 days after admission. Repeated UTI was defined as more than 3 episodes of UTI within 12 months preceding index hospitalization. Cases with prior history of ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs or another hospitalization three months preceding the index admission were excluded. Univariate and multiple logistic regression techniques were used to identify the risk factors associated with first episode of ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTI at the time of hospitalization. Results In univariate analysis, history of repeated UTIs, neurogenic bladder, presence of a urinary catheter at time of admission, and prior exposure to outpatient antibiotics within past one month were found to be significantly associated with ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs. When controlling for age differences, severity of illness and co-morbid conditions, history of repeated UTIs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.60–13.41), presence of a urinary catheter at admission (AOR 2.75, 95% CI 1.25 – 6.24) and prior antibiotic exposure (AOR: 8.50, 95% CI: 3.09 – 30.13) remained significantly associated with development of new ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs. Conclusion Patients in the community with urinary catheters, history of recurrent UTIs, or recent antimicrobial use can develop de novo ESBL Enterobacteriaceae UTIs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

scholarly journals 945. Prevalence of HIV Associated Non-AIDS Conditions and Associated Risk Factors among Hospitalized HIV-infected Patients in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S504-S505
Author(s):  
Amyeo A Jereen ◽  
Celia Kucera ◽  
Saniya Pervin ◽  
Muralidhar Varma ◽  
Radhakrishnan Rajesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Patient Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background HIV-associated non-AIDS (HANA) conditions are becoming common as People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV) age. However, data estimating the prevalence of HANA conditions and associated risk factors is lacking in developing countries. This study evaluates reasons for hospitalizations among PLWHIV in Udupi, India in the antiretroviral era, and describes associated risk factors. Methods Demographic and clinical data were extracted from medical charts of 1280 HIV-infected patients 18 years and older who were admitted to Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, India between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017, for a total of 2157 hospitalizations. Primary reasons for hospitalization were categorized into AIDS-defining vs Non-AIDS-defining and HANA vs Non-HANA conditions (Fig 1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate demographic and clinical factors associated with hospitalizations due to AIDS-defining illness and HANA conditions. Categorization of Reasons for Hospitalization Results Patients’ median age was 45 (18-80) years; 70% male. Median age of patients with AIDS-defining illness (45% of hospitalizations) was lower at 44 (18-75) years compared with HANA (15% of hospitalizations) at 48 (21-80) years. Age (OR, 95% CI) (0.985, 0.974-0.995), admission CD4 (0.998, 0.997 - 0.998), history of hypertension (HTN) (0.59, 0.42-0.82), stroke (0.49, 0.24 - 0.93), diabetes (1.56, 1.10 - 2.19), and AIDS-defining cancers (1.74, 1.05 - 2.89) were associated with AIDS-defining hospitalizations (Fig 2). Additionally, age (1.016, 1.001 - 1.031), history of HTN (1.70, 1.16 - 2.46), coronary artery disease (CAD) (4.02, 1.87- 9.02), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (2.30, 1.15 - 4.61), stroke (2.93, 1.46 - 5.96), Hepatitis B (3.32, 1.66- 6.72), Hepatitis C (16.1, 2.84 - 314), sexually transmitted disease (STD) (3.76, 1.38- 10.8), and HANA-associated cancer (2.44, 1.28- 6.42) were associated with HANA hospitalizations (Fig 3). Patient Risk Factors for AIDS-related Hospitalization Patient Risk Factors for HANA-related Hospitalization Conclusion Prevalence of HANA conditions was lower than AIDS-defining illnesses possibly because of a younger population. Patients with AIDS-defining illnesses were also likely to have HANA conditions. Early detection and effective treatment of both HIV and HANA conditions is essential to decrease hospitalizations in low-resource settings. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of children with atopy hospitalised with adenovirus pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Li ◽  
Xiao-Hua Han ◽  
Li-Yun Liu ◽  
Hui-Sheng Yao ◽  
Li-Li Yi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Small Airway ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background Atopy may be associated with disease severity and a poor prognosis of human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia in children. Our aim was to observe the clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia in China. Methods Children hospitalised with HAdV pneumonia from June 2018 to December 2019 were analysed. All children were divided into atopic with HAdV, non-atopic with HAdV, and atopic without HAdV infection group. Each group was further divided into the mild and severe pneumonia groups according to disease severity. Standard treatment was initiated after admission, and regular follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1 month after discharge. Baseline and clinical characteristics and pulmonary radiological changes in children with and without atopy were evaluated. Risk factors associated with small airway lesions in patients with HAdV pneumonia were analysed. Results The eosinophil count in the atopic group was significantly higher than that in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). Severe coughing, wheezing, and small airway lesions on chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) upon admission, after discharge and 1 month after discharge were significantly higher in the atopic group (with or without HAdV infection) than in the non-atopic group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the number of patients with wheezing and small airway lesions during hospitalisation and after discharge among the three groups (P < 0.05). The risks of small airway lesions in children with a family or personal history of asthma, severe infection, atopy, and HAdV infection were 2.1-, 2.7-, 1.9-, 2.1-, and 1.4-times higher than those in children without these characteristics, respectively. Conclusions Children with atopy and HAdV pneumonia may experience severe coughing in mild cases and wheezing in mild and severe cases. Children with atopy are more susceptible to the development of small airway lesions, recurrent wheezing after discharge and slower recovery of small airway lesions as observed on pulmonary imaging than non-atopic children after HAdV infection. A family or personal history of asthma, atopy, severe infection, and HAdV infection are independent risk factors associated with the development of small airway lesion as observed on chest HRCT.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with peripheral neuropathy among diabetic individuals: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Christa Kingston ◽  
Aravindan J. ◽  
Srikumar Walsalam
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one among the most common complication in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy hinders the quality of life causing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to find the risk factors associated with diabetic neuropathy.Methods: This case control study involved 100 diabetic patients attending the Dohnavur fellowship hospital, Dohnavur from October 2019 to March 2020. Sociodemographic profile and diabetic characteristics of the study group were obtained and analysed. Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy was done by using the diagnostic method proposed by American Diabetic Association.Results: Of the total study population with mean age 59.43 years, 63% had family history of diabetes. Almost 70% had poor diabetic control. Statistically significant relationships were found between neuropathy and duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, history of hypertension, monofilament test and pinprick sensation.Conclusions: In this study, glycemic control, dyslipidemia and hypertension were modifiable risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Early interventional programs to sensitize diabetics on these factors could improve the quality of life of Diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals Risk and Risk Factors Associated With Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism Following Surgery in Patients With History of Venous Thromboembolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. e193690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banne Nemeth ◽  
Willem M. Lijfering ◽  
Rob G. H. H. Nelissen ◽  
Inger B. Schipper ◽  
Frits R. Rosendaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Study of Risk Factors Associated with Suicide Attempt in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Karthick Subramanian ◽  
Vikas Menon ◽  
Siddharth Sarkar ◽  
Vigneshvar Chandrasekaran ◽  
Nivedhitha Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Family History ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Suicide is the leading contributor to mortality in bipolar disorder (BD). A history of suicidal attempt is a robust predictive marker for future suicide attempts. Personality profiles and coping strategies are the areas of contemporary research in bipolar suicides apart from clinical and demographic risk factors. However, similar research in developing countries is rarer. Objectives The present study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with suicidal attempts in BD type I (BD-I). Materials and Methods Patients with BD-I currently in clinical remission (N = 102) were recruited. Sociodemographic details and the clinical data were collected using a semistructured pro forma. The psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0. The National Institute of Mental Health–Life Chart Methodology Clinician Retrospective Chart was used to chart the illness course. Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory Short Form, Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire, Past Feelings and Acts of Violence, and Barratt Impulsivity scale were used to assess the patient’s stress scores, coping skills, aggression, violence, and impulsivity, respectively. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used for demographic details and characteristics of the illness course. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors for lifetime suicide attempt in BD-I. Results A total of 102 patients (males = 49 and females = 53) with BD-I were included. Thirty-seven subjects (36.3%) had a history of suicide attempt. The illness course in suicide attempters more frequently had an index episode of depression, was encumbered with frequent mood episodes, especially in depression, and had a higher propensity for psychiatric comorbidities. On binary logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) for predicting a suicide attempt were highest for positive family history of suicide (OR: 13.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–145.38, p = 0.030), followed by the presence of an index depressive episode (OR: 6.88, 95% CI: 1.70–27.91, p = 0.007), and lower scores on problem-focused disengagement (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.92, p = 0.009). Conclusion BD-I patients with lifetime suicide attempt differ from non-attempters on various course-related and temperamental factors. However, an index episode depression, family history of suicide, and lower problem-focused engagement can predict lifetime suicide attempt in patients with BD-I.

scholarly journals Risk factors for pre-eclampsia among women at antenatal booking in Kano, Northern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Yakasai ◽  
Imran O. Morhason-Bello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
At Home

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is an important cause of maternal mortality. There have been several studies on risk factors assessment with conflicting reports across the globe on this disease; however, rigorous recent evaluation of these factors is uncommon in this region. The aim of the present study was to determine the risks factors in the early-onset PE in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano (Northern Nigeria). We conducted a case-control study in Nigeria between April 2009 and January 2010 to identify the risk factors associated with the early-onset PE in women attending antenatal clinic in AKTH. Information on socio-cultural characteristics, medical history, previous obstetrics history, level of stress at home, and type of family were obtained and recorded in a proforma designed for the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for PE at 95% confidence level. Pregnant women with early-onset PE (150 in each case and control group). Risk factors associated with increased risk of early-onset PE were: history of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) in a previous pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.09]; exposure to passive smoking (AOR 1.34); inadequate antenatal supervision (AOR 15.21); family history of hypertension in one or more 1st-degree relative (AOR 8.92); living in a joint family (AOR 6.93); overweight (120% to 150% of pre-pregnancy ideal body weight, AOR 4.65). Risk factors among women in Northern Nigeria are similar to those reported from other studies. Good antenatal cares, early detection, reduction of stressful conditions at home are the most important preventive measures of early-onset severe PE among these women.

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