scholarly journals Globalization and the Politics of Translation Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Pym
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Minority Cultures ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Simultaneous Movement ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
Cultural Alterity

Abstract Globalization can be seen as a consequence of technologies reducing the costs of communication. This reduction has led both to the rise of English as the international lingua franca and to an increase in the global demand for translations. The simultaneous movement on both fronts is explained by the divergent communication strategies informing the production and distribution of information, where translation can only be expected to remain significant for distribution, and not for production. The fundamental change in the resulting communication patterns is the emergence of one-to-many document production processes, which are displacing the traditional source-target models still used in Translation Studies. Translation Studies might nevertheless retain a set of political principles that could constitute its own identity with respect to globalization. Such principles would be expressed in the national and regional organization of the discipline, in the defense of minority cultures, and in a general stake in cultural alterity. The possible existence of such principles is here examined on the basis of three instances where Translation Studies might address globalization in political terms: the weakness of the discipline in dominant monocultures, the development of an international association of Translation Studies, and political boycotts of translation scholars.

Paratexts, Italian style

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Barra ◽  
Massimo Scaglioni
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Main Production ◽  
The One ◽  
Original Practices ◽  
Tv Show ◽  
Depth Interviews

In recent years, the completed transition towards a fully developed multichannel environment and the growth of non-linear offers has brought to the Italian television (TV) landscape unprecedented attention on the ways in which programmes are communicated to the audience and their images and identities are carefully built. The preparation and circulation of promos have therefore grown in importance and relevance in the national TV industry, as new original practices emerged and a long-lasting tradition was challenged by new formats and goals. Building on a set of in-depth interviews with professionals involved in the writing, production and distribution of promos, and analysis of other production materials, the article reconstructs the ‘promotional cultures’ of Italian broadcasters, analysing the main production processes, the different kinds of promos and the various skills involved, and the logics and constraints involved in the making of these ephemeral paratexts that more and more are pervading both the structure of programming flow and the experience of national TV viewers. Thus, the article investigates the professional practices and logics of contemporary commercial and pay TV programme promotion in Italy, defining the role played by national private broadcasters and transnational groups in shaping an Italian promotional space on TV. The ‘Italian style’ of TV show promotion emerges as a constant negotiation between local historical traditions and clichés, on the one hand, and international trends in promo production and aesthetics, on the other, with a solid path shared with other countries and broadcasters, and some peculiar specificities.

Conference interpreters and their self-representation

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Zwischenberger
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Web Survey ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
Worldwide Web ◽  
The Way

In this paper an analysis of the way conference interpreters describe their role and how they perceive their importance for successful communication in simultaneously interpreted conferences will be undertaken. These findings are an excerpt from a recent worldwide web-based survey among members of the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC). The focus will be on a comparison between already existing metatexts on the conference interpreter’s role and the newly collected ones from this web-survey. The paper will also briefly outline the methodological potential and limitations of web-based surveys which have been employed since the mid-1990s and have gradually found their way into translation studies.

Patterns of successful media production

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bjørn von Rimscha ◽  
Marcel Verhoeven ◽  
Isabelle Krebs ◽  
Christoph Sommer ◽  
Gabriele Siegert
Keyword(s):  
Media Production ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Types

While it has been acknowledged that convergence is a multidimensional phenomenon, the convergence of media production processes has received little attention from researchers so far. In this article, we address this research gap with a qualitative study of production processes in different types of media. Our starting point is that independent of the media type, common product characteristics can be identified, that promote success in the audience market. We ask whether the same is true for process characteristics; whether there are converged processes that promote audience success independent of the media type. The study is based on n = 39 interviews in the German-speaking markets. Our findings provide a differentiated result: We do find similarities in the processes along the lines of product characteristics; however, the project phase is an important influencer. While processes in the development phase are more converged, production and distribution still demand distinct processes for different media types. In general, we can confirm studies that find a reluctance of media practitioners towards convergence, which often remains an underfunded and cost-oriented brain child of the top management.

scholarly journals Cybernetic proletarianization: Spirals of devaluation and conflict in digitalized production

2021 ◽  
pp. 030981682110176
Author(s):  
Simon Schaupp
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Work Control ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Digital Evaluation ◽  
Manual Labour ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Work Intensification

Drawing on a case study of algorithmically controlled manual labour in German manufacturing and delivery logistics, this article develops the concept of cybernetic proletarianization. It does so by joining an empirical analysis of labour processes with theoretical class analysis. Thus, it reconstructs Marx’s understanding of technical proletarianization as a dialectic between expulsion and reintegration of living labour in production processes. In the cases researched here, a qualitative and quantitative expulsion of living labour could be observed in different forms: First, deskilled flexibilization via digital instructions on working steps; second, a cybernetic mode of work intensification that is based on a permanent digital evaluation of the labour process; third, data-based automation, which builds on the data collected from the labour processes. This expulsion is counterweighted by a process of reintegration of devaluated living labour due to new highly labour-intensive forms of production and distribution, which are enabled by algorithmic work control. However, these processes are highly conflictual, resulting in different ‘technopolitics from below’, in which workers influence or even disrupt the processes of cybernetic proletarianization.

scholarly journals Curved-crease origami face shields for infection control

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245737
Author(s):  
Aurimas Bukauskas ◽  
Antiopi Koronaki ◽  
Ting-Uei Lee ◽  
Daniel Ott ◽  
M. Wesam Al Asali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Face

The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous global demand for personal protective equipment (PPE). Face shields are an important component of PPE for front-line workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, providing protection of the face from splashes and sprays of virus-containing fluids. Existing face shield designs and manufacturing procedures may not allow for production and distribution of face shields in sufficient volume to meet global demand, particularly in Low and Middle-Income countries. This paper presents a simple, fast, and cost-effective curved-crease origami technique for transforming flat sheets of flexible plastic material into face shields for infection control. It is further shown that the design could be produced using a variety of manufacturing methods, ranging from manual techniques to high-volume die-cutting and creasing. This demonstrates the potential for the design to be applied in a variety of contexts depending on available materials, manufacturing capabilities and labour. An easily implemented and flexible physical-digital parametric design methodology for rapidly exploring and refining variations on the design is presented, potentially allowing others to adapt the design to accommodate a wide range of ergonomic and protection requirements.

scholarly journals DIGITAL JOURNALISM: multifaceted research in the development of didactics and production processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. a13en
Author(s):  
Zanei Barcellos
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Media ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Digital Journalism ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Media Formats

The internet is the main source of news for Brazilians, the smartphone is the preferred device to reach them and social media have overtaken television as the hegemonic journalistic medium. Fragmented journalism in cyberspace demands new narratives, new media formats, production and distribution processes. Algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) systems already perform many tasks, the profession reshapes itself and the teaching of digital journalism needs to keep up with the transformations. This article proposes multifaceted applied research as a way to develop narratives, apparatuses, production management systems and didactics capable of keeping up with technological evolutions and train journalists capable of researching and working in mutant environments.

A novel technology to produce microalgae biomass as feedstock for biofuel, food, feed and more

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Ohad Zuckerman ◽  
Ra'anan Herzog ◽  
Yoni Sharon ◽  
Elizabeth Yehuda
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Biofuel Industry ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Microalgae Oil

While microalgae oil was perceived as the preferred feedstock to supply the inelastic global demand for biofuel, industry and academia attempts to create viable microalgae-oil production processes has not reach the desired goal yet. UniVerve Ltd. has developed an innovative technological process that provides a scalable, cost effective and sustainable solution for the production of microalgae-biomass. The oil, which can be extracted with off-the-shelf wet-extraction technologies and used as an excellent feedstock for all kinds of biofuel, is expected to be produced at up to US$50 per barrel. As the biomass also contains omega-3, proteins and other valuable biomaterials that can be commercialized in the food and feed markets, a microalgae farm can serve the biofuel, food and feed industries, which currently face an increasing lack of quality feedstock at an affordable price.

scholarly journals An overview of audiovisual translation: Four methodological turns in a mature discipline

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Chaume
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
Time Translation ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

Digital technology has played a crucial role not only in the process of production and distribution of audiovisual content, but also in the process of localization and consumption of audiovisual products. This has had an obvious impact on audiovisual translation as a field, both in professional circles as well as in scholarly research. To date, this field of research has grown exponentially, parallel to the production, consumption, interaction with and general interest in audiovisual products. At the same time, translation studies have been growing as a discipline and, consequently, has been influencing audiovisual translation (AVT) research. This article presents a due brief overview of the four turns audiovisual translation has taken to date (the descriptive, the cultural, the sociological and the cognitive turns), and identifies some of the major steps already undertaken, as well as possible research avenues that such turns are currently opening.

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