Algonquin-Nipissing Shorelines, North Bay, Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Karrow
Keyword(s):  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Terrestrial Plant ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Abstract The general extent, outlet location at North Bay, and shoreline tilt pattern of glacial Lake Algonquin were established by Spencer, Gilbert, Taylor, and Goldthwait about a century ago. Chapman and Harrison in the mid 1900s identified several eastward outlets and suggested correlations to named water planes as retreating ice lowered Algonquin levels. The present work supplements the meagre available North Bay shoreline elevation data with about 30 new points. Probable Cedar Point, Payette, Sheguiandah, and Korah shorelines are identified; several lower levels have no known outlets. Algonquin shoreline tilts are about 1.4 metres per kilometre. Using Nipissing shoreline elevations for correlation, North Bay data are compared with Sudbury data, showing closely similar trends, but with offsets of Algonquin shorelines probably attributable to errors from 120‑kilometre-long projections and 5 000‑year changes in uplift pattern. Of 24 radiocarbon dates compiled from the literature, 16 are on gyttja. Some of these incorporate old carbon error and require further testing with dates on terrestrial plant macrofossils. Available data remain sparse and require more basic mapping to improve ice-margin/shoreline correlations near the outlet area.

Some problems of late Wisconsin history and geochronology in southeastern Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Terasmae
Keyword(s):  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Surficial Deposits ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Palynological studies and radiocarbon dating of sediments from about 20 lakes and bogs in southeastern Ontario have been used to establish a palynostratigraphic sequence of six pollen zones extending to approximately 12 000 years BP and indicating that deglaciation occurred between 12 500 and 11 500 years BP, probably during the Two Creeks interstadial interval.The glacial Lake Iroquois existed in the Lake Ontario basin from about 12 500 – 11 800 years BP while the Lake Ontario ice lobe was retreating northeastward, and the Kirkfield – Fenelon Falls outlet from glacial Lake Algonquin (in the Georgian Bay – Lake Huron basin) to Lake Iroquois opened about 12 000 years ago when the Dummer Moraine was deposited as a stagnant ice disintegration feature south of the Algonquin and Haliburton Highlands.Most radiocarbon dates (about 25) on marine shells, whale bone, and algae from Champlain Sea beach deposits are in the range of 10 000 – 11 800 years BP, indicating that the Champlain Sea episode is younger than glacial Lake Iroquois. However, a few Champlain Sea dates are older than 12 000 years BP and present an unresolved problem in geochronological correlation because they conflict with proposed deglaciation histories for southeastern Ontario.Late Wisconsin ice marginal positions are poorly known in southeastern Ontario and comprise another problem for further study.The end of glacial Lake Algonquin phase (the main drainage event in the North Bay area) probably occurred between 10 800 and 10 500 years BP, after the Champlain Sea had reached its maximum western limit in the Pembroke area (upper Ottawa River valley) as indicated by stratigraphic relationships of surficial deposits.

Glacial-Lake Outburst Erosion of the Grand Valley, Michigan, and Impacts on Glacial Lakes in the Lake Michigan Basin

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan E. Kehew
Keyword(s):  
Lake Level ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Lake Michigan Lobe ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

AbstractGeomorphic and sedimentologic evidence in the Grand Valley, which drained the retreating Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and later acted as a spillway between lakes in the Huron and Erie basins and in the Michigan basin, suggests that at least one drainage event from glacial Lake Saginaw to glacial Lake Chicago was a catastrophic outburst that deeply incised the valley. Analysis of shoreline and outlet geomorphology at the Chicago outlet supports J H Bretz's hypothesis of episodic incision and lake-level change. Shoreline features of each lake level converge to separate outlet sills that decrease in elevation from the oldest to youngest lake phases. This evidence, coupled with the presence of boulder lags and other features consistent with outburst origin, suggests that the outlets were deepened by catastrophic outbursts at least twice. The first incision event is correlated with a linked series of floods that progressed from Huron and Erie basin lakes to glacial Lake Saginaw to glacial Lake Chicago and then to the Mississippi. The second downcutting event occurred after the Two Rivers Advance of the Lake Michigan Lobe. Outbursts from the eastern outlets of glacial Lake Agassiz to glacial Lake Algonquin are a possible cause for this period of downcutting at the Chicago outlets.

Revealing Uncertainty in Maps of Glacial Lake Algonquin

2002 ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Drzyzga ◽  
Ashton Shortridge ◽  
Randall Schaetzl
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Cisco diversity in a historical drainage of glacial Lake Algonquin

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 736-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Bell ◽  
Gabriel Piette-Lauzière ◽  
Julie Turgeon ◽  
Mark S. Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Hurdle Models ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Mysis Diluviana ◽  
Coregonus Artedi ◽  
Colonization Hypothesis ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Cisco (Coregonus artedi (sensu lato) Lesueur, 1818) forms matching in appearance to Blackfin Cisco from the Laurentian Great Lakes occur in four lakes in Algonquin Park, Ontario, Canada, a historical drainage of glacial Lake Algonquin (precursor of lakes Michigan and Huron). Their occurrence may represent colonization from glacial Lake Algonquin drainage patterns 13 000 calibrated years BP or independent evolution within each lake. Gill-raker numbers, temperature at capture depth during lake stratification, and hurdle models of habitat distribution are summarized. Blackfin (nigripinnis-like) in the four lakes had higher gill-raker numbers than artedi-like cisco captured in nearby lakes or within the same lake. Two lakes have a bimodal gill-raker distribution that indicate co-occurrence of two forms. Blackfin occupied the hypolimnion with a peak depth distribution at 20–25 m. Maximum depth for blackfin was 35–40 m. The presence of the opossum shrimp (Mysis diluviana Audzijonyte and Väinölä, 2005) appears necessary for the occurrence of cisco diversity in lakes but not sufficient in all cases. The presence of two forms of cisco in at least two lakes points to the possibility of the colonization hypothesis or the ecological speciation hypothesis as accounting for this phenomenon. Genetic analysis is needed to determine which of these hypotheses best accounts for the occurrence of blackfin in Algonquin Park.

Proxy Evidence for Easterly Winds in Glacial Lake Algonquin, from the Black River Delta in Northern Lower Michigan

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Vader ◽  
Bailey K. Zeman ◽  
Randall J. Schaetzl ◽  
Kristina L. Anderson ◽  
Ryan W. Walquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Delta ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

Stratigraphy, Paleontology, and Age of Lake Algonquin Sediments in Southwestern Ontario, Canada

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Karrow ◽  
T.W. Anderson ◽  
A.H. Clarke ◽  
L.D. Delorme ◽  
M.R. Sreenivasa
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Alluvial Sediments ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Water Stage

AbstractMolluscs, ostracodes, diatoms, pollen, plant macrofossils, peat, and wood have been found in glacial Lake Algonquin sediments, and estuarine-alluvial sediments of the same age, in southern Ontario. Molluscs and ostracodes are particularly abundant and widespread. Pollen analysis of Lake Algonquin sediments, bogs on the Algonquin terrace, and upland bogs above the Algonquin terrace, indicate that Lake Algonquin was still in existence at the time of the spruce-pine pollen transition, previously dated at an average of 10,600 yr BP at a number of sites in Michigan, Ohio, and southern Ontario. Wood in estuarine-alluvial sediments graded to the Algonquin level is of similar radiocarbon age. Evidence from several sites in the eastern Great Lakes area suggests the presence of a preceding low-water stage (Kirkfield outlet stage); drowned and alluviated valleys and fining-upward sediment sequences have been identified in this study as further supporting evidence. Lake Algonquin drained from the southern sites by isostatic tilting and eventual opening of the “North Bay outlet” some time shortly after 10,400 yr BP.Our radiocarbon dates suggest the low-water stage has an age of about 11,000 yr BP, and that Lake Algonquin drained 10,000–15,000 y. a. Dates previously published for the Lake Michigan basin are generally too young in comparison with ours, and dates on the Champlain Sea are generally too old. More critical evaluation of all dating results is desirable.From fossil remains we suggest a rapidly expanding fauna in the waters of Lake Algonquin. The spruce pollen period was a time of rapid faunal and floral migration, when the ice front was retreating from Kirkfield to North Bay, Ontario. Diversity of some species and fossil numbers increased substantially at the transition from spruce to pine just before Lake Algonquin drained.

Evidence for the Two Creeks interstade in the Lake Huron basin

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame J. Larson ◽  
Thomas V. Lowell ◽  
Nathaniel E. Ostrom
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Major Implication ◽  
Straits Of Mackinac ◽  
Continuous Deposition ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

New radiocarbon age dates for the Cheboygan bryophyte bed in northern lower Michigan indicate that the bed was not deposited during the Mackinaw interstade, as was previously proposed, but is correlative to the Two Creeks forest bed deposited during the Two Creeks interstade approximately 11 850 BP. Furthermore, the till overlying the bryophyte bed does not represent continuous deposition by ice throughout the Two Creeks interstade, as proposed by others, but represents deposition during the Greatlakean stade. A major implication resulting from the reassignment of the age of the Cheboygan bryophyte bed is that the Straits of Mackinac could have been ice free during the Two Creeks interstade and that during that time the Kirkfield phase of glacial Lake Algonquin may have extended into the Lake Michigan basin.

Barren Ground Caribou (Rangifer arcticus) from an Early Man Site in Southeastern Michigan

1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Cleland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Barren Ground ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin

AbstractThe identification of a phalanx of a barren ground caribou (Rangifer arcticus) from the Holcombe site in southeastern Michigan is perhaps the earliest association of man and an animal species in the eastern United States. This phalanx was excavated from a small pit which contained four fragments of unifacially worked artifacts, a number of plano-convex spalls typical of the Holcombe lithic complex, and a small amount of beech charcoal. Association of this site with a beach of glacial Lake Algonquin places its occupation at approximately 9200 B.C.

Measurement, Correlation, and Mapping of Glacial Lake Algonquin Shorelines in Northern Michigan

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall J. Schaetzl ◽  
Scott A. Drzyzga ◽  
Beth N. Weisenborn ◽  
Kevin A. Kincare ◽  
Xiomara C. Lepczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Glacial Lake Algonquin ◽  
Northern Michigan
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document