scholarly journals Sécurité du revenu et exclusion sociale aux États-Unis : bilan préliminaire de la réforme de 1996

2002 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Patrick Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Exclusion Sociale ◽  
Work Opportunity

RÉSUMÉ En août 1996, par l'adoption du Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), le système américain de sécurité du revenu était modifié en profondeur. Trois ans plus tard, malgré le caractère préliminaire des résultats disponibles et un contexte économique exceptionnellement favorable, et au-delà du fait que le nombre de prestataires a diminué de façon importante, certaines tendances préoccupantes se dessinent en matière d'évolution des revenus, dans un contexte social et politique particulièrement peu sensible aux questions d'exclusion sociale.

Framing Welfare Reform in Affluent Societies: Rendering Restructuring More Palatable?

2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Discursive Politics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Political Framing ◽  
Policy Arena ◽  
Work Opportunity

This paper investigates the conditions under which political framing can render welfare restructuring more palatable. I start by asking two research questions. What are the necessary (albeit perhaps insufficient) conditions that allow leaders successfully to frame welfare reform? To what extent are these conditions evident across welfare regimes? I identify four variables that affect leaders' opportunities for framing social policy: (1) extant frames, (ii) actors, (iii) institutions and (iv) policy arena. After examining the four dominant types of frames found across affluent societies, I review the discursive politics surrounding The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act as a case where all four conditions for framing welfare reform coalesced.

scholarly journals Explaining Welfare Benefits in the South: A Regional Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Breaux ◽  
John C. Morris ◽  
Rick Travis
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
State Model ◽  
The South ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Southern States ◽  
Substantial Control ◽  
Work Opportunity

This paper examines the choices made by states in the implementation of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Commonly known as TANF, the legislation gives states substantial control over the choices of benefits and sanctions they impose on program recipients. Using the models and theoretical explanations offered by Soss et al. (2001) and tested in a 49-state model, we test the degree to which these explanations hold when applied to a regional analysis of southern states. We find that the southern states are similar to the rest of the country when it comes to setting TANF benefit choices, although social control explanations are more important for southern states than for the rest of the nation.

Monitoring the Health Consequences of Welfare Reform

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-713
Author(s):  
Gregory Pappas
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Work Requirements ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Monitoring Activities ◽  
Work Opportunity

Recent changes in welfare legislation place responsibility for support of the poor on states, dramatically decrease funding, create work requirements, and impose a number of other restrictions. Many predict adverse consequences of “welfare repeal” however, the legislation does not provide for monitoring the health consequences of these changes. This article summarizes the provisions of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, reviews initial criticism, and makes a series of suggestions for monitoring activities.

No Win… Facing the Ethical Perils of Welfare Reform

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Withorn
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Welfare Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Intense Debate ◽  
Work Opportunity

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Art of 1996, or “welfare reform,” is highly controversial public policy. In every state the ‘devolution’ of federal entitlements has created intense debate and new legislation, either presaging the national changes or in response to them. In addition to being a source of deep political conflict, welfare reform has also created immediate and continuing dilemmas for the people who try to work within the new rules and for those struggling to change them. The author reviews the context for understanding welfare reform as an ethical problem for the whole society, and uses examples drawn from her work as a teacher and welfare rights activist to illustrate the day-to-day problems that welfare reform forces upon women who use the system and workers whose job it is to help them. Finally, possibilities for responding at different levels are presented.

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