Current Evidence and Potential Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori Involvement in Neuroinflammatory Pathologies

10.7178/ig.37 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Kountouras ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals The Puzzle of Coccoid Forms of Helicobacter pylori: Beyond Basic Science

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Enzo Ierardi ◽  
Giuseppe Losurdo ◽  
Alessia Mileti ◽  
Rosa Paolillo ◽  
Floriana Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Dual Therapy ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Coccoid Form ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
One Year ◽  
Inhibitor Dose

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may enter a non-replicative, non-culturable, low metabolically active state, the so-called coccoid form, to survive in extreme environmental conditions. Since coccoid forms are not susceptible to antibiotics, they could represent a cause of therapy failure even in the absence of antibiotic resistance, i.e., relapse within one year. Furthermore, coccoid forms may colonize and infect the gastric mucosa in animal models and induce specific antibodies in animals and humans. Their detection is hard, since they are not culturable. Techniques, such as electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, flow cytometry and metagenomics, are promising even if current evidence is limited. Among the options for the treatment, some strategies have been suggested, such as a very high proton pump inhibitor dose, high-dose dual therapy, N-acetycysteine, linolenic acid and vonoprazan. These clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties will represent fascinating challenges in the future.

scholarly journals Screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for gastric cancer prevention: the Taipei global consensus

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2093-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh-Ming Liou ◽  
Peter Malfertheiner ◽  
Yi-Chia Lee ◽  
Bor-Shyang Sheu ◽  
Kentaro Sugano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Global Consensus ◽  
Vulnerable Subjects ◽  
H Pylori

ObjectiveA global consensus meeting was held to review current evidence and knowledge gaps and propose collaborative studies on population-wide screening and eradication of Helicobacter pylori for prevention of gastric cancer (GC).Methods28 experts from 11 countries reviewed the evidence and modified the statements using the Delphi method, with consensus level predefined as ≥80% of agreement on each statement. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was followed.ResultsConsensus was reached in 26 statements. At an individual level, eradication of H. pylori reduces the risk of GC in asymptomatic subjects and is recommended unless there are competing considerations. In cohorts of vulnerable subjects (eg, first-degree relatives of patients with GC), a screen-and-treat strategy is also beneficial. H. pylori eradication in patients with early GC after curative endoscopic resection reduces the risk of metachronous cancer and calls for a re-examination on the hypothesis of ‘the point of no return’. At the general population level, the strategy of screen-and-treat for H. pylori infection is most cost-effective in young adults in regions with a high incidence of GC and is recommended preferably before the development of atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. However, such a strategy may still be effective in people aged over 50, and may be integrated or included into national healthcare priorities, such as colorectal cancer screening programmes, to optimise the resources. Reliable locally effective regimens based on the principles of antibiotic stewardship are recommended. Subjects at higher risk of GC, such as those with advanced gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia, should receive surveillance endoscopy after eradication of H. pylori.ConclusionEvidence supports the proposal that eradication therapy should be offered to all individuals infected with H. pylori. Vulnerable subjects should be tested, and treated if the test is positive. Mass screening and eradication of H. pylori should be considered in populations at higher risk of GC.

Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 408-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basile M. Njei ◽  
Ivo C. Ditah ◽  
Juliet Appiah ◽  
Raxitkumar Jinjuvadia ◽  
John W. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Current Evidence

408 Background: The association between Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) and gastric cancer is well known, but it is unclear whether HPI is also a risk factor for colorectal cancer. Several epidemiological studies on the latter association have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study is to summarize available evidence on the association between HPI and CRC, evaluating its magnitude and direction in a meta-analysis. Methods: Two reviewers independently conducted a systemic search on Medline, OvidSP and PubMed databases from January 1980 to July 2011 for studies on the association between HPI and CRC. The reference lists of eligible studies were next reviewed for additional studies on the subject. Firstly, a combined analysis including all studies was done. Next, subgroup analysis by study design and country of study (USA Vs Europe Vs Asia) were also performed. All analyses were done using the random effects model. Publication bias was assessed using the Begg’s and Egger’s tests and visual inspection of funnel plot. All analyses were performed using STATA 11. Results: Sixteen studies (14 retrospective and 2 prospective) including 12,892 participants were included in the analysis. Overall, HP was associated with a 49% significantly higher risk of CRC (OR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22-1.82; P < 0.001). By study design, the association persisted only among the retrospective studies with a pooled OR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.31-1.56, P = 0.004). The subgroup analysis by study region showed significant associations in Europe (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09-1.66) and Asia (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.29-1.58). Though there was a 17% higher risk noted among studies done in the USA, this was not statistically significant. There was no evidence of publication bias in all the analyses. Conclusions: Current evidence on the association between H. pylori infection and CRC remains inconclusive. The absence of any association among the prospective studies (with less risk of bias) suggests that the association seen among the retrospective studies could be due to residual confounding. Better quality data is required before a conclusive statement on the association between HPI and CRC can be made.

scholarly journals Stomach diseases unrelated to Helicobacter pylori infection: current state of the problem

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 594-598
Author(s):  
A. A. Svistunov ◽  
Michael A. Osadchuk
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stomach Diseases ◽  
H Pylori

The review deals with basic etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of stomach diseases unrelated to H. pylori infection. Special attention is given to the clinical picture and prognosis of this pathology, its fundamental differences from H. pylori-associated stomach diseases. The authors emphasize the importance and relevance of studying the problem of stomach diseases unrelated to H. pylori infection and its increasing role in the structure of digestive tract diseases.

The effect of cranberry supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Ronak Nikbazm ◽  
Zahra Rahimi ◽  
Yousef Moradi ◽  
Meysam Alipour ◽  
Farzad Shidfar
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections. Cranberry has been suggested for Helicobacter pylori eradication. We aimed to conduct the first meta-analysis to summarize current evidence on effects of cranberry supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication in H. pylori positive subjects. We searched the online databases up to December 2020. Four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included with human subjects, investigating the effect of cranberry on Helicobacter pylori eradication. The pooled results were expressed as the odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals. Based on 5 effect sizes with a total sample size of 1935 individuals, we found that according to the odds ratio, there was a positive effect of cranberry supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication, increasing the chance of Helicobacter pylori eradication by 1.27 times, but this relationship was not statistically significant (overall OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.63, 2.58). The results also indicated the moderate between-study heterogeneity (I2=63.40%; P=0.03) of the studies. However, there were no significant differences in some subgroup analyses in the duration of treatment, the duration of follow up and the Jadad score. Our findings revealed that although cranberry had a positive effect on Helicobacter pylori eradication in adults, this effect was not statistically significant. Due to the small number of included studies and moderate heterogeneities, the potential of cranberry supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication should be validated in large, multicenter, and well-designed RCTs in the future.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori VacA Toxin Promotes Bacterial Intracellular Survival in Gastric Epithelial Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 6599-6614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Terebiznik ◽  
C. L. Vazquez ◽  
K. Torbicki ◽  
D. Banks ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric epithelium of at least 50% of the world's human population, playing a causative role in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Current evidence indicates that H. pylori can invade epithelial cells in the gastric mucosa. However, relatively little is known about the biology of H. pylori invasion and survival in host cells. Here, we analyze both the nature of and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of H. pylori's intracellular niche. We show that in AGS cells infected with H. pylori, bacterium-containing vacuoles originate through the fusion of late endocytic organelles. This process is mediated by the VacA-dependent retention of the small GTPase Rab7. In addition, functional interactions between Rab7 and its downstream effector, Rab-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP), are necessary for the formation of the bacterial compartment since expression of mutant forms of RILP or Rab7 that fail to bind each other impaired the formation of this unique bacterial niche. Moreover, the VacA-mediated sequestration of active Rab7 disrupts the full maturation of vacuoles as assessed by the lack of both colocalization with cathepsin D and degradation of internalized cargo in the H. pylori-containing vacuole. Based on these findings, we propose that the VacA-dependent isolation of the H. pylori-containing vacuole from bactericidal components of the lysosomal pathway promotes bacterial survival and contributes to the persistence of infection.

scholarly journals Molecular Links Between Alzheimer's Disease and Gastrointestinal Microbiota: Emphasis on Helicobacter pylori Infection Involvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taxiarchis Katsinelos ◽  
Michael Doulberis ◽  
Stergios A Polyzos ◽  
Apostolis Papaefthymiou ◽  
Panagiotis Katsinelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main form of dementia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline and detrimental consequences in both personal-family and global level. Within this narrative review, we provide recent molecular aspects of Tau, a microtubule AD-associated protein, as well as amyloid beta, involved in AD pathophysiology. Moreover, we provide additional emerging data from basic research as well as clinical studies indicating an implicating role of gastrointestinal microbiota (GI-M), including Helicobacter pylori infection (Hp-I), in AD pathophysiology. Likewise, we identified through a molecular prism the current evidence of AD pathogenesis as well as its linkage with GI-M and emphasizing the role of Hp-I. All in all, additional large-scale studies are required for the further clarification of AD pathophysiology and its connection with GI-M and Hp-I, so as novel therapies on molecular basis become available.

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