scholarly journals Chemical analysis of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceace) seed kernel extract and its in-vitro toxicity in two Podagrica Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

In-Vitro Effects of Ricinus Communis Seed Kernel Extract On Some Antioxidant And Hydrolytic Enzymes In Nymph And Adult Zonocerus Variegatus (Grasshopper)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Gbadebo E . Adeleke ◽  
Olaniyi T. Adedosu ◽  
Rachael O. Adeyi ◽  
John O. Fatoki
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Background: Many plants have been identified for their insecticidal properties as alternatives to synthetic ones, which are toxic to untargeted organisms and environment. Ricinus communis (Castor) has been re-ported to exhibit insecticidal properties against insect pests. Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper) is a notable pest of several crops, and has been linked with great economic losses to farmers. The present study investigates the in-vitro toxicity of R. communis seed kernel extract (RCSKE) on the activities of selected antioxidant and hydrolytic enzymes in nymph and adult Zonocerus variegatus (Grasshopper), using cypermethrin (CYPER-M) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) as standard conventional pesticides. Methods: Seed kernel of Ricinus communis (Castor) was subjected to acidified aqueous extraction to obtain the extract (RCSKE). Crude enzyme preparations were obtained from nymph and adult Z. variegatus grass-hoppers. The in-vitro effects of different concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105μg/ml) each of RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CES) in crude enzyme preparations were estimated spectrophotometrically. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. Results: The RCSKE significantly reduced the in-vitro SOD activity (p < 0.05) in nymph Z. variegatus at all the concentrations, whereas both CYPER-M and CPF significantly reduced the activity only at certain concentrations. The CAT activity in the nymph was significantly decreased by RCSKE and CPF at all the concentrations, but CYPER-M decreased it only at certain concentrations. In adult Z. variegatus, SOD activity was not significantly affected (p > 0.05), while CAT activity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) by the three agents at all the concentrations. The AChE and CES activities in the nymph were significantly reduced by RCSKE, CYPER-M and CPF at all the concentrations. The RCSKE and CPF significantly increased the CES activity, while CYPER-M caused a significant decrease in the activity in adult Z. variegatus. Conclusion: The seed kernel extract of Ricinus communis is an effective pesticidal agent and hence, it could be a source of biopesticide alternative with greater potential than cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. In addition, the antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase enzymes in the nymphs of Z. variegatus grasshoppers are more susceptible to the effect of the extract than in the adult grasshoppers.

scholarly journals Essential oil of the leaves of Ricinus communis L.: In vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zied Zarai ◽  
Ines Chobba ◽  
Riadh Mansour ◽  
Ahmed Békir ◽  
Néji Gharsallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

scholarly journals In vitro establishment of a highly effective method of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) regeneration using shoot explants

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-xing ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-yu WANG ◽  
Zi-zhou FENG ◽  
Xue-jun GENG ◽  
Sha-moli MU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
In Vitro Establishment

scholarly journals Inter-Laboratory Reproducibility and Interchangeability of 3R4F and 1R6F Reference Cigarettes in Mainstream Smoke Chemical Analysis and In Vitro Toxicity Assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Yuka Sakai ◽  
Sakura Mori ◽  
Miyuki Yanagimachi ◽  
Tomohiro Takahashi ◽  
Kaori Shibuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
International Organization ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Health Canada ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Insight Into

Summary A new reference cigarette, 1R6F, produced by the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, has been manufactured as a substitute for the 3R4F reference cigarette because of a depletion of 3R4F stock. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the interchangeability of 1R6F and 3R4F by comparing the chemical and biological characteristics of the mainstream smoke and to assess the inter-laboratory reproducibility by comparing the results obtained in the current study with a previous report. We analyzed 45 priority chemicals required by Health Canada for regulatory reporting and assessed the toxicological effects of cigarette smoke using in vitro standard toxicological assays recommended by the Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard and intense smoking regimens. The results of the chemical analysis and standard toxicological assays showed a good inter-laboratory reproducibility for 1R6F as a reference cigarette, while there were some slight reproducible differences between 1R6F and 3R4F. In addition, we investigated the interchangeability of 1R6F with 3R4F in some additional toxicological assays that detect oxidative stress because oxidative stress is a principle endpoint used in tobacco research with next generation tobacco and nicotine delivery products (NGPs). Both 1R6F and 3R4F elicited comparable responses in the oxidative stress assays. Overall, our results showed inter-laboratory reproducibility in chemical and standard toxicological assessments of 1R6F; thus, suggesting the suitability of 1R6F as a reference cigarette. In addition, the results obtained in the oxidative stress assays provide insight into the interchangeability of 1R6F with 3R4F when used as a comparator for NGPs.

scholarly journals Exogenous glutamine increases lipid accumulation in developing seeds of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cultured in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1137-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Sujatha Mulpuri ◽  
Aizhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Storage Products ◽  
Response To Change ◽  
Castor Seeds ◽  
Early Developmental

This report describes biomass production and compositional changes of developing castor seeds in response to change in the nitrogen resource (glutamine) of the medium. During the early developmental period (24-36 days after pollination), oil was found to initially accumulate in the developing seeds. Carbohydrates and oil were inversely related after glutamine provision (35 mM, in the culture medium). [U-14C] sucrose labeling was used to investigate the effect of metabolic fluxes among different storage materials. Addition of glutamine led to a 7% increase of labeling in lipids and an inverse decrease of labeling in carbohydrates. It was postulated that changes in the glutamine concentration in the medium are likely to influence the partitioning of resources between the various storage products, especially carbohydrates and oil. These observations will contribute to a better understanding of assimilate partitioning in developing castor seeds and the development of molecular strategies to improve castor bean seed quality and plant breeding studies.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DOS GRÃOS DE PÓLEN DE DIFERENTES CULTIVARES DE MANONA (RICINUS COMMUNIS L., EUPHORBIACEAE): CONSERVAÇÃO E VIABILIDADE

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
D.P. Vargas ◽  
S.A.M. SOUZA ◽  
S.D. Anjos e SILVA ◽  
V.L. Bobrowski
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

RESUMO A análise da fertilidade dos grãos de pólen de Ricinus communis (mamona) é de grande importância para programas de melhoramento, permitindo o manejo e uso adequado das coleções existentes e a criação de cultivares interessantes na produção de biodiesel. Neste trabalho, optou-se por um processo preditivo baseado no método citológico de coloração dos grãos de pólen e no método de germinação in vitro dos grãos, após tratamentos de conservação a baixas temperaturas, para a verificação da viabilidade, importante na formação das sementes, alvo dos programas de melhoramento. Utilizou-se a técnica de coloração com carmim acético 2% na análise da viabilidade dos grãos de pólen nas cultivares IAC-80, Cafelista, AL-Preta e AL-Guarany 2002, enquanto que o método de germinação in vitro após tratamento de -196° C, -80° C e -18° C, por 15 e 30 dias, foi aplicado somente na cultivar IAC-80. A viabilidade polínica foi acima de 95% em IAC-80 e Cafelista de 88,48% em AL-Preta e de 86,46% em e AL-Guarany 2002. Estas cultivares apresentaram também alto percentual de viabilidade polínica na antese, sendo possível a utilização de todas as cultivares analisadas na indução de fertilização em programas de melhoramento. Os resultados obtidos com a germinação in vitro dos grãos de IAC-80, após a criopreservação, indicaram que o percentual médio da viabilidade polínica in vivo não foi influenciado pelo período de armazenamento. Observaram-se diferenças entre os tratamentos a baixas temperaturas, porém o percentual de viabilidade dos mesmos foi baixo, sugerindo necessidade de adequação na técnica de avaliação.

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