scholarly journals Epidemiological and economic aspects of diabetes in the Campania Region, Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Simona Cammarota ◽  
Andrea Morsanutto ◽  
Enrica Menditto ◽  
Anna Citarella ◽  
Simona De Portu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Expenditure ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Budget ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical

Aim: to assess the economic and epidemiologic impact of diabetes in Campania, a region of approximately 5.7 million inhabitants in the south of Italy. Method: we collected, from an electronic database, all prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs reimbursed in the first half year of 2005 in 8 local health authorities (60% of the overall population) of Campania. The diabetic cohort was defined as the population of subjects receiving at least 2 prescriptions of an antidiabetic agent in 6-month, classified according to their therapeutic role using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Characterization is given of the patients and their antidiabetic medication. Subsequently, the prescription of concomitant treatment, in comparison with a control group, is presented. Drugs cost and drugs consumption were quantified using NHS prospective (expressed in Euro 2005) and Defined Daily Dose system (DDD) respectively. Results: the diabetic cohort included 183,614 subjects (5.3% of the observed population), mean age was 65.0 years and female represented 54.8% of the sample. Total cost for diabetic patients represents 16.8% of the total drug expenditure. The average drug/cost/patient was € 355.7; only 19.0% was spent for antidiabetic drugs. The reported use of medication was higher for subjects with diabetes compared with the control population regarding overall use (2,363.5 versus 1259.8 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/die), the use of cardiovascular drugs (1,499.3 versus 663.5 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day), use of haematologic drugs (277.1 versus 120.3 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day), and use of ophthalmological drugs (48.3 versus 21.0 DDD/1,000 inhabitants/day). Discussion: chronic-degenerative pathologies, such as diabetes, implies a relevant social and economic impact. Expenses that are associated to the treatment and the prevention of complications, in particular cardiovascular problems, are registered among the main items listed in the healthcare budget.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial consumption in Campania Region, Italy

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Simona Cammarota ◽  
Anna Citarella ◽  
Enrica Menditto ◽  
Simona De Portu
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Drug Expenditure ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical

Introduction: the antibiotic usage in Italy is above the European average. From several years the Campania was the first Italian region in terms of antimicrobial consumption. Aim: to evaluate antibiotic utilisation in primary health care in Campania, a region of approximately 5.7 million inhabitants in the south of Italy. Method: we collected, from an electronic database, all prescription drugs reimbursed in 2005. The cohort was defined as the population of subjects receiving at least one prescription of any antimicrobial agent for systemic use, classified according to their therapeutic role using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification. Drugs cost and consumption were quantified using National Health Service (NHS) prospective and Defined Daily Dose system (DDD) respectively. All costs were expressed in Euro 2005. Results: antiinfectives agents (ATC J) was the second class of drugs in terms of cost, representing 16.1% of the regional drug expenditure. Their consumption were 33 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. Stratifying by age antibiotic use was highest in children and elderly subjects. Penicillins, macrolides and cephalosporins were the most prescribed antibiotic classes in all age groups. Discussion: despite guidelines introduced to limit the prescription of parenteral antibiotics to the patients who are most likely to benefit from it, they were mostly prescribed. This represented a serious problem for the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Garlic: an alternative in reducing blood glucose on diabetic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Putri Dafriani ◽  
Roza Marlinda ◽  
Eliza Arman ◽  
Meldafia Idaman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Sugar Levels

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by an increasing of blood sugar (hyperglycemia). Medication is one of the seven pillars of diabetes managementt. Garlic (Allium sativum), an alternative herb, also has an antidiabetic effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of garlic on the blood sugar level in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with two group post-test design. The participants were DM patients who only take medication without any supplemental herbs. The respondents were divided into two group; intervention group, given antidiabetic drugs and consume garlic 3 pieces of garlic/day for 2 weeks and control group only got antidiabetic drugs. Data were collected by performing blood sugar measurement using glucose-check on all respondents using capillary blood in the fingertips. Second measurement were taken after monitoring the consumption of garlic together with drugs for two weeks. Hypothesis testing used independent T-Test test.Results: The study result found that the average of blood sugar level after administering the treatment is 240 mg/dl in the intervention group, and 284 mg/dl in control group. It can be concluded that the administration of 3 pieces of garlic combining with antidiabetic drugs for 2 weeks has not been able to reduce blood sugar levels into normal limits.Conclusions: This combination found to lowering the blood sugar levels in a significant amount compare to only drugs. The length of the therapy could consider as a significant predictor.

Platelet Aggregation in Diabetes Mellitus and the Effect of Insulin in Vivo on Aggregation

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A Hassanein ◽  
Th. A El-Garf ◽  
Z El-Baz
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Platelet Disaggregation ◽  
Aggregation And Disaggregation

SummaryADP-induced platelet aggregation and calcium-induced platelet aggregation tests were studied in 14 diabetic patients in the fasting state and half an hour after an intravenous injection of 0.1 unit insulin/kg body weight. Platelet disaggregation was significantly diminished as compared to a normal control group, and their results were negatively correlated with the corresponding serum cholesterol levels. Insulin caused significant diminution in the ADP-induced platelet aggregation as a result of rapid onset of aggregation and disaggregation. There was also a significant increase in platelet disaggregation. In the calcium-induced platelet aggregation test, there was a significant shortening of the aggregation time, its duration, and the clotting time. The optical density fall due to platelet aggregation showed a significant increase. Insulin may have a role in correcting platelet disaggregation possibly through improvement in the intracellular enzymatic activity.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

Relationship between uric acid and creatinine in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients: Vidarbha region of Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3412-3417
Author(s):  
Ranjit S. Ambad ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Lata Kanyal Butola ◽  
Nandkishor Bankar ◽  
Brij Raj Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Develop Type ◽  
Low Levels

Prediabetes is a glucose homeostasis condition characterized by decreased absorption to glucose or reduced fasting glucose. Both of these are reversible stages of intermediate hyperglycaemia providing an increased type II DM risk. Pre-diabetes can therefore be viewed as a significant reversible stage which could lead to type II DM, and early detection of prediabetes may contribute to type II DM prevention. Prediabetes patients are at high risk for potential type II diabetes, and 70 percent of them appear to develop Type II diabetes within 10 years. The present study includes total 200 subjects that include 100 Prediabetic patients, 50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy individual. Blood samples were collected from the subjects were obtained for FBS, PPBS, Uric acid and Creatinine estimation, from OPD and General Medicine Wards. Present study showed low levels of Serum Uric Acid in prediabetic and T2DM patients were decreased as compared to control group, while the level of creatinine in prediabetic and diabetic were elevated as compared to control group, were not statically significant. Serum Uric Acid was high in control group and low in prediabetic and diabetic patients. Serum creatinine was declined in control group and increased in prediabetic and diabetic patients with increasing Fasting blood glucose level.

Proteomic Analysis of the Vitreous Body in Proliferative and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van-An Duong ◽  
Jeeyun Ahn ◽  
Na-Young Han ◽  
Jong-Moon Park ◽  
Jeong-Hun Mok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
New Treatment

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), one of the major microvascular complications commonly occurring in diabetic patients, can be classified into Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR). Currently available therapies are only targeted for later stages of the disease in which some pathologic changes may be irreversible. Thus, there is a need to develop new treatment options for earlier stages of DR through revealing pathological mechanisms of PDR and NPDR. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize proteomes of diabetic through quantitative analysis of PDR and NPDR. Methods: Vitreous body was collected from three groups: control (non-diabetes mellitus), NPDR, and PDR. Vitreous proteins were digested to peptide mixtures and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. MaxQuant was used to search against the database and statistical analyses were performed using Perseus. Gene ontology analysis, related-disease identification, and protein-protein interaction were performed using the differential expressed proteins. Results: Twenty proteins were identified as critical in PDR and NPDR. The NPDR group showed different expressions of kininogen-1, serotransferrin, ribonuclease pancreatic, osteopontin, keratin type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal, and transthyretin. Also, prothrombin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and delta were particularly up-regulated proteins for PDR group. The up-regulated proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades. Statherin was down-regulated in PDR and NPDR compared with the control group. Transthyretin was the unique protein that increased its abundance in NPDR compared with the PDR and control group. Conclusion: This study confirmed the different expressions of some proteins in PDR and NPDR. Additionally, we revealed uniquely expressed proteins of PDR and NPDR, which would be differential biomarkers: prothrombin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and transthyretin.

Effectiveness of mobile applications on healthy lifestyles aimed at diabetic patients: review of systematic reviews. (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Jesús Represas Carrera Sr ◽  
Ángel Alfredo Martínez Ques Sr ◽  
Ana Clavería Fontán Sr
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthy Lifestyles ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is currently a major public health problem worldwide. It is traditionally approached in a clinical inpatient relationship between the patient and the healthcare professional. However, the rise of new technologies, particularly mobile applications, is revolutionizing the traditional healthcare model through the introduction of telehealthcare. OBJECTIVE (1) To assess the effects of mobile applications for improving healthy lifestyles on the quality of life and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus in adult patients. (2) To describe the characteristics of the mobile applications used, identify the healthy lifestyles they target, and describe any adverse effects their use may have. METHODS Review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis, following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration and the Joanna Briggs Institute. We included studies that used any mobile application aimed at helping patients improve self-management of diabetes mellitus by focusing on healthy lifestyles. Studies needed to include a control group receiving regular care without the use of mobile devices. In May 2018, a search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Cochrane, LILACS, PsychINFO, Cinahl and Science Direct, updated in May 2019. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Amstar-2 tool. RESULTS Seven systematic reviews of 798 articles were initially selected for analysis. The interventions had a duration of between 1 and 12 months. Mobile applications focused singly or simultaneously on different lifestyles aspects (diet, physical exercise, motivation, blood glucose levels, etc.). There are significant changes in HbA1c values, body weight and BMI, although in others, such as lipid profile, quality of life, or blood pressure, there is no clear improvement. CONCLUSIONS There is clear evidence that the use of mobile applications improves glycemic control in diabetic patients in the short term. There is a lack of evidence in its long-term benefits. It is thus necessary to carry out further studies to learn about the long-term effectiveness of mobile applications aimed at promoting the healthy lifestyles of diabetic patients. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO Register: CRD42019133685

scholarly journals The Effects of Silver-Releasing Foam Dressings on Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1495
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Wang ◽  
Hsiao-Chen Lee ◽  
Chien-Lin Chen ◽  
Ming-Chun Kuo ◽  
Savitha Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Healing Rate ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Foot Ulcer ◽  
Wound Management ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Morbidity

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication in diabetic patients and lead to high morbidity and mortality. Numerous dressings have been developed to facilitate wound healing of DFUs. This study investigated the wound healing efficacy of silver-releasing foam dressings versus silver-containing cream in managing outpatients with DFUs. Sixty patients with Wagner Grade 1 to 2 DFUs were recruited. The treatment group received silver-releasing foam dressing (Biatain® Ag Non-Adhesive Foam dressing; Coloplast, Humlebaek, Denmark). The control group received 1% silver sulfadiazine (SSD) cream. The ulcer area in the silver foam group was significantly reduced compared with that in the SSD group after four weeks of treatment (silver foam group: 76.43 ± 7.41%, SSD group: 27.00 ± 4.95%, p < 0.001). The weekly wound healing rate in the silver foam group was superior to the SSD group during the first three weeks of treatment (p < 0.05). The silver-releasing foam dressing is more effective than SSD in promoting wound healing of DFUs. The effect is more pronounced in the initial three weeks of the treatment. Thus, silver-releasing foam could be an effective wound dressing for DFUs, mainly in the early period of wound management.

scholarly journals Fermented pork fat (Sa-um) and lifestyle risk factors as potential indicators for type 2 diabetes among the Mizo population, Northeast India

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Lalrohlui ◽  
Souvik Ghatak ◽  
John Zohmingthanga ◽  
Vanlal Hruaii ◽  
Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Pork Fat

AbstractOver the last few decades, Mizoram has shown an increase in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, no in-depth scientific records are available to understand the occurrence of the disease. In this study, 500 patients and 500 healthy controls were recruited to understand the possible influence of their dietary and lifestyle habits in relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A multivariate analysis using Cox regression was carried out to find the influence of dietary and lifestyle factors, and an unpaired t test was performed to find the difference in the levels of biochemical tests. Out of 500 diabetic patients, 261 (52.3%) were males and 239 (47.7%) were females, and among the control group, 238 (47.7%) were males and 262 (52.3%) were females. Fermented pork fat, Sa-um (odds ratio (OR) 18.98), was observed to be a potential risk factor along with tuibur (OR 0.1243) for both males and females. Creatinine level was found to be differentially regulated between the male and female diabetic patients. This is the first report of fermented pork fat and tobacco (in a water form) to be the risk factors for diabetes. The unique traditional foods like Sa-um and local lifestyle habits like tuibur of the Mizo population may trigger the risk for the prevalence of the disease, and this may serve as a model to study other populations with similar traditional practices.

scholarly journals Metabolic changes following transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy for weight loss in obesity: secondary outcomes from a prospective RCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Fried ◽  
V.Y Reddy ◽  
P Neuzil ◽  
R Rosen ◽  
P Sramkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Exclusion Criterion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Private Company ◽  
C Peptide

Abstract Background/Introduction Obesity and its comorbid conditions (i.e. type II diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, hypertension, etc...) is a growing burden globally, however, the current treatments (i.e. bariatric surgery, intragasrtic balloons and/or pharmaceutical therapy) pose substantial risks or are contraindicated for various populations. Transcatheter bariatric embolotherapy of left gastric artery by reducing “hunger” hormones from the gastric fundus is a procedure for weight loss that has been growing in prominence over the last several years, however, to date no randomized-controlled trial has been conducted until our study. We studied TBE in a double-blind, sham procedure, first in human RCT of patients (pts) with obesity. Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of TBE for weight loss in obese patients as well as to evaluate metabolic changes. Methods After IV propofol, eligible pts (age 21–60; BMI 35–50 kg/m2) were randomized 1:1 to Sham (skin nick & 1 hr wait) or TBE. All pts received Lifestyle Therapy (behavioral and diet education). Study staff following the pts were also blinded to treatment. Blood samples for gastrointestinal hormones were collected in EDTA tubes containing a protease inhibitor cocktail and frozen per local laboratory standards. All collected samples were assessed together in two batches at the end of the study. The hormones analyzed included ghrelin, GIP, GLP-1, Visfatin, resistin, PAI-1 (total), Leptin, and C-Peptide. An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and a diabetes assay was performed at baseline and at 6- and 12-months post-intervention. Note, while diabetes was an exclusion criterion for this study, pre-diabetes was not. Results 44 pts were enrolled, of which 40 pts were randomized equally to the groups, with no major complications in either group. TBE demonstrated superior weight loss over the control group at 6- and 12-months post-intervention in both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. At 6 and 12 months, the TBE group demonstrated a clinically meaningful decrease in glucose 1-hour post-fasting by OGTT. GIP levels in the TBE group increased at a mean of 21%, indicative of an improvement in pre-diabetic milieu. Circulating plasma visfatin levels decreased 20% at 6 months and 26% at 12 months in the TBE group indicating a decrease in body fat. C-Peptide levels were noticeably increased in the TBE group at 6 months possibly indicating improvements in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Conclusion(s) TBE is safe and results in clinically significant weight loss and demonstrated a positive effect on glucose homeostasis in pre-diabetic patients. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Endobar Solutions, LLC

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