scholarly journals L’uso ospedaliero di ciprofloxacina nella terapia parenterale ed orale delle infezioni gravi: profilo farmacoeconomico

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Mario Eandi ◽  
Carlo Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Data ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Selection Of

The study focuses on the microbiological and economic aspects of the treatment of hospital infections. The following topics are presented and discussed: I) principal microbiological features of infections acquired during hospital stays; II) data on the use of fluoroquinolones in hospital patients; III) cost-analysis of hospital infection treatment; IV) impact of different antibiotics on the selection of resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; V) review of pharmacoeconomic data of different antibacterial regimens.

scholarly journals 725. WCK 5222 (Cefepime/Zidebactam): An In Vitro Assessment of Activity Compared with Current Dual-Antibiotic Options Against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S325-S325
Author(s):  
Elias M Mullane ◽  
Lindsay M Avery ◽  
David P Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause complications in critically ill patients worldwide. In those at risk of infection with multidrug-resistant strains (MDR-PSA), dual antibiotic therapy is often considered. However, this practice may contribute to rising resistance rates and poor outcomes if empirical selection is suboptimal. WCK 5222 (cefepime/zidebactam), a novel β-lactam/β-lactam enhancer, may offer a solution. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for WCK 5222, amikacin (AMK), fosfomycin (FOF), cefepime (FEP), ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), and meropenem (MEM) against 18 clinical PSA isolates using gradient diffusion strip (GDS) methods. Activities of FEP, C/T, and MEM in combination with AMK and FOF were assessed using GDS for isolates nonsusceptible to the β-lactam (MICs >8 mg/L, >4/4 mg/L, and >2 mg/L, respectively). Synergy was defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤ 0.5. Instances of restored β-lactam susceptibility when tested in combination were compared with the proportion of WCK 5222 MICs ≤ 8 mg/L. Results WCK 5222 MICs ranged from 2 to 32 mg/L (MIC50, 8 mg/L). Rates of susceptibility were: AMK (67%), FOF (44%, MIC ≤ 64 mg/L), FEP (6%), C/T (33%), MEM (0%). Combinations with C/T most frequently demonstrated synergy (C/T-FOF, 42%; C/T-AMK, 33%) and restored C/T susceptibility was observed in 42% of assessments with FOF and in 50% with AMK. For FEP combinations, synergy was observed in 29% and 18% of assessments with FOF and AMK, respectively, with restored susceptibility in 6% for both combinations. Synergy occurred in 11% and 6% of assessments of MEM with FOF and AMK, respectively, with zero instances of restored susceptibility. In total, β-lactam susceptibility was restored in 14% (13/94) of combinations compared with 78% (14/18) of WCK 5222 MICs ≤ 8 mg/L. Conclusion In a selection of MDR-PSA isolates that included carbapenem- and C/T-resistant strains, WCK 5222 MICs ≤ 8 mg/L (cefepime susceptible) were observed more frequently than restoration of susceptibility in select β-lactams in combination with FOF or AMK. WCK 5222 monotherapy may offer enhanced coverage of MDR-PSA over empirically selected combination therapies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporinases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 1766-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Manuel Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Laurent Poirel ◽  
Patrice Nordmann
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
Alanine Residue ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Imipenem Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The characterization of AmpC-type β-lactamases was performed in a collection of 32 clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with intermediate susceptibility or resistance to imipenem and ceftazidime. Twenty-one out of those 32 isolates overexpressed AmpC β-lactamase, and the MICs of ceftazidime and imipenem were reduced after cloxacillin addition. Cloning and sequencing identified 10 AmpC β-lactamase variants. Reduced susceptibility to imipenem, ceftazidime, and cefepime was observed only with recombinant P. aeruginosa strains expressing an AmpC β-lactamase that had an alanine residue at position 105. The catalytic efficiencies (k cat/Km ) of the AmpC variants possessing this residue were increased against oxyiminocephalosporins and imipenem. In addition, we show here that those AmpC variants constitute a favorable background for the in vitro selection of imipenem-resistant strains. This report identified a novel resistance mechanism that may contribute to imipenem resistance in P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Prevalent Synergy and Antagonism Among Antibiotics and Biocides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Pietsch ◽  
Gabriele Heidrich ◽  
Niclas Nordholt ◽  
Frank Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Combination Effects ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Cetrimonium Bromide ◽  
Growth Experiments ◽  
Selection Of

Antimicrobials can exert specific physiological effects when used in combination that are different from those when applied alone. While combination effects have been extensively mapped for antibiotic-antibiotic combinations, the combination effects of antibiotics with antimicrobials used as biocides or antiseptics have not been systematically investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of combinations of antibiotics (meropenem, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) and substances used as biocides or antiseptics [octenidine, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, chlorhexidine, Povidone-iodine, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and Ag-nanoparticles] on the planktonic growth rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Combination effects were investigated in growth experiments in microtiter plates at different concentrations and the Bliss interaction scores were calculated. Among the 21 screened combinations, we find prevalent combination effects with synergy occurring six times and antagonism occurring 10 times. The effects are specific to the antibiotic-biocide combination with meropenem showing a tendency for antagonism with biocides (6 of 7), while gentamicin has a tendency for synergy (5 of 7). In conclusion, antibiotics and biocides or antiseptics exert physiological combination effects on the pathogen P. aeruginosa. These effects have consequences for the efficacy of both types of substances and potentially for the selection of antimicrobial resistant strains in clinical applications with combined exposure (e.g., wound care and coated biomaterials).

The Study of Bacillus Subtils Antimicrobial Activity on Some of the Pathological Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein A Kadhum ◽  
Thualfakar H Hasan2
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Selection Of

The study involved the selection of two isolates from Bacillus subtilis to investigate their inhibitory activity against some bacterial pathogens. B sub-bacteria were found to have a broad spectrum against test bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They were about 23-30 mm and less against Klebsiella sp. The sensitivity of some antibodies was tested on the test samples. The results showed that the inhibitory ability of bacterial growth in the test samples using B. subtilis extract was more effective than the antibiotics used.

Microencapsulation: A Prospective to Protect Probiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissam Zam
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Selection Of

Probiotics are viable microorganisms widely used for their claimed beneficial effects on the host health. A wide number of researchers proved that the intake of probiotic bacteria has numerous health benefits which created a big market of probiotic foods worldwide. The biggest challenge in the development of these products is to maintain the viability of bacterial cells during the storage of the product as well as throughout the gastrointestinal tract transit after consumption, so that the claimed health benefits can be delivered to the consumer. Different approaches have been proposed for increasing the resistance of these sensitive microorganisms, including the selection of resistant strains, incorporation of micronutrients, and most recently the use of microencapsulation techniques. Microencapsulation has resulted in enhancing the viability of these microorganisms which allows its wide use in the food industry. In this review, the most common techniques used for microencapsulation of probiotics will be presented, as well as the most usual microcapsule shell materials.

A study on the design of a wardrobe, for patients bed-ridden with cancer, applying the knowledge of anonymous design

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Naoko Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Prolonged Hospital Stay ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Hospital Gowns ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

The majority of human beings will be admitted to hospital at some point over the course of their lives. For the more fortunate among us, these hospital stays will be brief and will barely register as a significant experience. However, for others, being admitted for weeks or months at a time will be necessary in order to combat and recover from whatever it was that made admittance to hospital necessary. While it is easy to think of many reasons why a prolonged hospital stay might be undesirable, one that may escape our attention is the clothes that are worn by patients during their stay. Once a patient has been assigned a bed, they are often given a gown which they put on without thought and then lie down. The gowns that are given to patients are generally designed with healthcare professionals in mind. For example, in Japan pyjamas and yukata (bathrobes) are used as hospital gowns because they have a front opening that is easy to use during treatment and nursing care. In addition, the other gowns can be opened from the ankle to the crotch using the zip. Dr Naoko Fujii has focused her career on designing clothes for hospital patients and believes that there is a way to satisfy the practical needs of a hospital and the care it gives at the same time as satisfying the requirements of patients. She is now focusing her attention on this challenge.

scholarly journals Comparative study of once-weekly azithromycin and once-daily amoxicillin treatments in prevention of recurrent acute otitis media in children.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2732-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Marchisio ◽  
N Principi ◽  
E Sala ◽  
L Lanzoni ◽  
S Sorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Recurrent Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Periodic Administration ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Selection Of

Continuous chemoprophylaxis is effective in the prevention of new episodes of acute otitis media (AOM) in otitis-prone children, but compliance can be a problem and thus efficacy can be decreased. Intermittent chemoprophylaxis has so far shown conflicting results. Azithromycin, which has a peculiar pharmacokinetics, resulting, even after a single dose, in persistently elevated concentrations in respiratory tissues, could permit a periodic administration with higher compliance. We compared a 6-month course of once-weekly azithromycin (5 or 10 mg/kg of body weight) with that of once-daily amoxicillin (20 mg/kg) in a single-blind, randomized study of prophylaxis for recurrent AOM in 159 children aged 6 months to 5 years with at least three episodes of AOM in the preceding 6 months. In the amoxicillin group, 23 (31.1%) of 74 children developed 29 episodes of AOM, while in the 10-mg/kg azithromycin group, 11 (14.9%) of 74 children experienced 15 episodes. The 5-mg/kg/week azithromycin trial was prematurely interrupted after nine cases, due to the high occurrence rate of AOM (55.5%). During the 6-month prophylaxis period, the proportion of children with middle ear effusion declined similarly in both groups. No substantial modification of the nasopharyngeal flora was noted at the end of prophylaxis in both antimicrobial groups. In the 6-month-postprophylaxis follow-up period, about 40% of children in both groups again developed AOM. Azithromycin at 10 mg/kg once weekly can be regarded as a valid alternative to once-daily low-dose amoxicillin for the prophylaxis of AOM. Although in the present study no microbiological drawback was noted, accurate selection of children eligible for prophylaxis is mandatory to avoid the risk of emergence of resistant strains.

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