scholarly journals A pharmacoeconomic analysis of the use of single MMC instillation in low risk NMIBC in Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Renzo Colombo ◽  
Federico Pellucchi ◽  
Lorenzo Rocchini ◽  
Carmen Maccagnano ◽  
Pablo Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer accounts for 5-10% of all cancers in Europe and up to 85% patients presents a noninvasive tumor, whose treatment of choice is the transurethral bladder resection (TURB) paired with adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Despite several clinical trials showed that this treatment is safe and decreases recurrences by 17% to 44% this practice is limited for many reasons. The study objective is to analyze the economical advantages of the single immediate post operative Mitomycin C instillation in Non Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) low-risk patients.METHODS: A cost-benefit analysis was performed evaluating the economical gain that would raised from a scenario with a single immediate post operative mitomycin C instillation in each low-risk NMIBC patient who underwent to TURB. Net present value and cost-benefit ratio were calculated and sensitivity analyses were performed. Base case analysis was performed considering tumor recurrence rate reduction of 11.7% and a TURB costs of 2,167.0 €, while sensitivity analyses were performed using a recurrence rate reduction of 19.2% and 15.0% and a TURB cost of 2,472.93 €. The discount rate was 2%.RESULTS: The single immediate post operative instillation of mitomycin C resulted to be cost-beneficial with a cost-benefit ratio that goes from 0.48 to 0.79 when compared to TURB alone raising a Net Present Value that goes from 660,284.39 € to 2,650,530.79 €.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that even assuming conservative parameters for recurrence rates reduction, a single immediate post operative mitomycin C instillation in low risk NMIBC patients would lower not only the recurrence rate but also the caring cost for bladder cancer.

scholarly journals On Estimating the Fiscal Benefits of Early Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. R15-R29
Author(s):  
Leon Feinstein ◽  
Haroon Chowdry ◽  
Kirsten Asmussen
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Late Intervention ◽  
Financial Benefits ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

In this paper we explain some of the difficulties of providing forecasts of the financial benefits of early intervention programmes, focussing on those delivered during the early childhood period. We highlight the diversity of early intervention, and the complexity and multiplicity of outcomes. We summarise recent work at the Early Intervention Foundation to assess the evidence on the impacts of early intervention, recognising the diversity of approaches to delivery and the importance of innovation and local practice as well as of rigorous approaches to evaluating causal effects. We also describe new ways of assessing accurately the local fiscal costs of late intervention and consider the implications of this for addressing the well-established barriers to investment in prevention. Our analysis brings to the fore gaps in the evidence from which even the most rigorous ‘gold-standard’ research is not immune. These limitations prevent the production of an accurate and realistic cost-benefit ratio or net present value for the majority of programmes as delivered in practice. We suggest some paths towards a firmer foundation of evidence and a better alignment of evidence and policy.

scholarly journals To Compare Frequency of Tumour Recurrence in Low Risk Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder Between Single Dose Mitomycin C Instillation and Control Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaullah . ◽  
Mumtaz Ali ◽  
Nizamuddin . ◽  
Fazal Elahi ◽  
Amanullah . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Group A ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Group B

Background: Many regimes of intravesical therapy have been tried in attempt to reduce the recurrence rate of non muscle invasive bladder cancer, these generally require frequent attendance for instillation. Multiple non-comparative studies have demonstrated the favourable outcomes of the immediate treatment by instillation of mitomycin C after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in cases of non-muscle invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma.Objective: To compare frequency of tumour recurrence in low risk transitional cell carcinoma of bladder between single dose Mitomycin C instillation and control group.Material and Methods: This study was conducted at urology departmentsaidu teaching hospital and Nawaz sharif kidney center swat. Study Design Quasi Experimental.Study Duration was (From: Feb 2018 to February 2019). Total 62 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. Patient were divided between group A and B according to Non probability purposive sampling. TURBT was done in all patients. In those assigned to group A Mitomycin C 40mg was instilled through foleys catheter and clamped within 12 hrs of resection once haematuria has cleared. Mitomycin C was retained for 2 hrs and then foleys catheter was removed.Results: Mean age of patients in Group-A and in Group-B was 54.90±11.48 and 60.03±13.58 years respectively. In Group-A 1(3.2%) and in Group-B 9(29%) patients had recurrence after 3 months follow up time period. Recurrence rate of Group-B was significantly higher. i.e. (p-value=0.006).Conclusion: Results of this study showed the superiority of mitomycin C in patients with low risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer in terms of significantly lower recurrence rate as compared to that of control group. So, it can be said that single mitomycin C instillation significantly decrease recurrence in patients with low risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer.

scholarly journals VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DO CULTIVO IRRIGADO DO CAJUEIRO-ANÃO PRECOCE NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
MARCELO LIMA MACÊDO ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Távora Costa ◽  
Kenya Gonçalves Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Increase In Productivity

VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DO CULTIVO IRRIGADO DO CAJUEIRO-ANÃO PRECOCE NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR  MARCELO LIMA MACÊDO1; RAIMUNDO NONATO TÁVORA COSTA2 E KENYA GONÇALVES NUNES2 (I)Parte da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor.1Departamento de Construção Civil, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, [email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO O cajueiro sempre ocupou lugar de destaque na agricultura brasileira, principalmente na região Nordeste, com cultivo realizado em regime de sequeiro, baixo nível de tecnologia e baixa produtividade. A pesquisa objetivou avaliar a viabilidade econômica do cultivo irrigado do cajueiro-anão precoce. O estudo foi realizado no município de Pentecoste, Ceará, com base na produção de 1,0 hacultivado com o clone BRS 189, implantado em área de agricultura familiar. Para a análise foram considerados dados de produção de um período de dez anos, através dos indicadores de rentabilidade da análise de investimento: Relação Benefício/Custo, Valor Presente Líquido, Taxa Interna de Retorno e Período payback. A irrigação do cajueiro promoveu incremento médio na produtividade superior a 90%, praticamente sem alteração no período de colheita. Verificou-se relação direta entre o total anual de chuva e a produtividade do cajueiro, independentemente do cultivo ser realizado em regime de sequeiro ou irrigado. O cultivo do cajueiro-anão precoce irrigado é uma alternativa economicamente viável em um cenário em que não se contabilizaram os custos de mão de obra associados à colheita. Palavras-chave: Anacardium occidentale L., análise econômica, cajueiro irrigado, produtividade.  MACÊDO, M. L.; COSTA, R. N. T.; NUNES, K. G.ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF EARLY DWARF CASHEW IRRIGATED IN FAMILY FARMING  2 ABSTRACT Cashew has always occupied a prominent place in Brazilian agriculture, especially in the Northeast region, and is cultivated under rain fed conditions, with low technology and productivity levels. The objective of this study was to assess the economic viability of the irrigated cultivation of the early dwarf cashew. The study was conducted in Pentecoste, Ceará, based on the production of 1.0 ha cultivated with BRS 189, deployed in area of family farming. Production data from a period of ten years was considered for analysis through indicators of profitability of investment analysis: Cost/benefit ratio, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback period. The irrigation of cashew promoted average increase in productivity over 90%, practically without change during the harvest period.  There was a direct relationship between the total annual rainfall and productivity of cashew, regardless of the culture being under rain fed or irrigated regime. The cultivation of early dwarf cashew irrigated is an economically viable alternative in a scenario where costs of labor associated with harvesting are not taken into account. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale L., economic analysis, cashew irrigated, productivity.

scholarly journals Mengukur Kelayakan Ekonomi Proyek Paperless Office Menggunakan Metode Cost & Benefits Analysis (Studi Kasus: Industri Garment)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Oktyajati ◽  
Sri Mayasari ◽  
Hardik Widananto
Keyword(s):  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Paperless Office

Tulisan ini membahas tentang studi kelayakan ekonomi dari proyek pengadaan perangkat komputer dan tablet pada perusahaan sebagai salah satu bagian usaha dalam paperless office. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelayakan investasi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, penghematan biaya, efisiensi tempat dan mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Perangkat komputer dan tablet digunakan untuk mengurangi biaya penggadaan dokumen yang biasanya dilakukan proses photocopy dan didistribusikan ke departemen lain. Pengukuran kelayakan investasi menggunakan Cost and Benefit Ratio Analysis. Perangkat ekonomi yang digunakan dalam studi kelayakan investasi ini antara lain Payback Period, Net Present Value (NPV), Return on Investment (ROI) dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Hasil analisis ekonomi dengan menggunaka metode cost benefit ratio untuk proyek paperless office adalah bahwa proyek layak diterima.

Feasibility Study Fishing Tour Project in Dongkal Village, East Pondok Jagung, North Serpong, South Tangerang City, Banten

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Effendi Tjahjadi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Feasibility Test

The purpose of writing a feasibility study paper on fishing tourism business is to assist the village government in realizing increased economic growth for the community around village. The author also wants to carry out several feasibility measurements in a project development by analyzing, viewing and measuring several measurement indicators using the Net Present Value method, Internal Return Rate, Cost Benefit Ratio, Return on Investment, and Return on Investment Period. Based on the results of the analysis of the financial feasibility test with this method, the authors use a loan interest rate of 11% per year to operate. From the calculation results obtained a positive number of Net Present Value of Rp. 493,276 million, the value of the Internal Rate of Return 12.1388% > 11% (Interest Rate), the value of the Cost Benefit Ratio 1.5165 > 1, with a payback period of 3.0825 years < 5 years (Bank loan repayment period).

Technical and Economic Assessment on Various Energy-Saving Reconstruction of Public Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 1289-1295
Author(s):  
Ren Jun ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiang Yang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

The Paper, based on the theory of technical and economic assessment, puts forward to make financial assessment (on net present value, payback time, risk-benefit ratio, etc.) as the economic control index in accordance with the ideology of entire life cycle during the energy-saving reconstruction of public buildings. Then the Paper makes analysis on cost-benefit ratio of energy-saving reconstruction measures taken on various parts and equipment of outer protective structure, finds out approaches to energy-saving reconstruction with high efficiency, and finally adopts the method of sensitivity analysis on individual energy-saving reconstruction measures to further optimize reconstruction plan, thus improving economic benefits of energy saving.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Jamur Tiram (pleurotus ostreatus) Kasus: Petani Jamur Tiram di Desa Peguyangan Kaja Kecamatan Denpasar Utara

2019 ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
IDA BAGUS SAHADEWA ◽  
RATNA KOMALA DEWI ◽  
IDA AYU LISTIA DEWI
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
The Village

Analysis of Oyster Mushroom (pleurotusostreatus)(The Case of Oyster Mushroom Farmers in Peguyangan KajaVillage,North Denpasar Sub-District)The development of oyster mushrooms (pleurotusostreatus) is enough to encouragemushroom farming in Indonesia. The same thing was done by the farmers ofPeguyanganKaja Village, North Denpasar Sub-District, who were involved in oystermushroom farming. This research was conducted in August 2017 through December2017. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of oyster mushroombusiness, analyzed using Net Present Value (NPV) investment criteria, Net benefit costratio (Net B / C), Internal rate of return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), and Sensitivityanalysis and knowing the constraints experienced by farmers in cultivating oystermushrooms.Based on the research and the results of the analysis that has been done, the followingconclusion can be arrived at. Oyster Mushroom Farming with a capacity of 1.000,2.500, 3.000, 5.000 and 6.000 baglogs worthy of being farmed with an interest rate of12%, this is aimed at NPV> 0 (positive), Net B / C> 0 (positive), IRR> i that is 12%,and PP <Economic age of mushroom media (5 years) and, sensitivity analysis based onthe three sensitivity analyses, oyster mushroom farming at media mushroom capacity5,000 baglogs is not sensitive to, increases in operational costs, decreases in productionquantity and decreases the selling price of 10%. Constraints faced in the cultivation ofoyster mushrooms in the village of PeguyanganKaja, which is lowland, are that it isdifficult to obtain a level of humidity between 80% and 100%, which of course is easierto do if it is in the highland.

An Economic Evaluation of the Introduction of Vaccination Against Hepatitis a in a Peacekeeping Operation: The Case of the United Nations Protection Force in Yugoslavia

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Jefferson ◽  
Vittorio Demicheli ◽  
David Wright
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe costs and benefits of vaccinating troops on United Nations tours in Yugoslavia against hepatitis A were compared. The marginal cost of one case of hepatitis A avoided by vaccination was calculated and compared with the marginal cost of achieving the same outcome by passive immunization. The cost-benefit ratio (medium estimate) for troops at low risk of contracting hepatitis A was 0.01 and for those at high risk was 0.03.Vaccinating troops against hepatitis A for a single deployment appears to be an inefficient procedure, especially in troops at low risk. However, in professional troops from countries of low hepatitis A endemicity who are likely to be involved in several operational deployments, vaccination becomes more efficient the more times the same troops are deployed.

Technical and Economic Evaluation of Three Types of Tomato Nutrient Solutions under Semi-Controlled Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lady Arbelaez ◽  
John Rivera ◽  
Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar ◽  
Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
General Production ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of nutrient solutions on the development, performance, quality and cost of chonto tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) under semi-controlled conditions. The assessment was conducted in the farm Tesorito, Manizales, Colombia. An experimental design was established in randomized complete blocks (RCB), with 3 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment and 10 effective plants per replicate. The variables were: height of the first cluster, production per plant, yield t ha-1 and qualities of the fruit. The economic variables were production costs, cost-benefit ratio (C/BR), rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). In general, production per plant was greater than 4.7 kg plant<sup>-1</sup> and the average yield was 92 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The use of conventional fertilization (tt2) generated increased production of premium quality fruit with a value of 37.11 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating that conventional soil fertilization implemented in this culture under semi-controlled conditions in the company of drip irrigation system in the root zone improve outcomes of productive variables, increasing profitability and competitiveness with a net profit of USD$ $ 25203.68 ha<sup>-1</sup>, with average selling price of USD$ 0.45 per kilogram and a unit production margin of USD$ 0.21 per kilogram, making this technology attractive and economically viable.</p>

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