scholarly journals Alterations of Hormone-Sensitive Adenylyl Cyclase System in the Tissues of Rats with Long-Term Streptozotocin Diabetes and the Influence of Intranasal Insulin

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander O. Shpakov ◽  
Kira V. Derkach ◽  
Irina V. Moyseyuk ◽  
Oksana V. Chistyakova
Keyword(s):  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intranasal Insulin ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Serotonin Receptor Agonists

One of the causes of complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the changes in adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling system, identified on the early stages of the disease. However, the most significant disturbances in this system occur on the later stages of T1DM, which ultimately leads to severe complications, but functional state of the AC system in late T1DM is poorly understood. The aim of this work was to study alterations in AC system sensitive to biogenic amines and polypeptide hormones in the heart, brain, and testes of male rats with long-term, 7-month, streptozotocin T1DM and to assess the influence on them of 135-day therapy with intranasal insulin. It was shown that AC effects of β-adrenergic agonists in the heart, serotonin receptor agonists and PACAP-38 in the brain, chorionic gonadotropin and PACAP-38 in the testes, and somatostatin in all investigated tissues in long-term T1DM were drastically decreased. The treatment with intranasal insulin (0.48 IU/day) significantly restored these effects. The results were obtained suggesting that long-term T1DM induces significant alterations in hormone-sensitive AC system in the heart, brain, and testes that are much more pronounced, compared with short-term T1DM, and include a large number of hormonal regulations.

scholarly journals The Functional State of Hormone-Sensitive Adenylyl Cyclase Signaling System in Diabetes Mellitus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander O. Shpakov ◽  
Kira V. Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Signaling Systems ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Polypeptide Hormones ◽  
Hormone Sensitive

Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces a large number of diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, and some other systems of the organism. One of the main causes of the diseases is the changes in the functional activity of hormonal signaling systems which lead to the alterations and abnormalities of the cellular processes and contribute to triggering and developing many DM complications. The key role in the control of physiological and biochemical processes belongs to the adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling system, sensitive to biogenic amines and polypeptide hormones. The review is devoted to the changes in the GPCR-G protein-AC system in the brain, heart, skeletal muscles, liver, and the adipose tissue in experimental and human DM of the types 1 and 2 and also to the role of the changes in AC signaling in the pathogenesis and etiology of DM and its complications. It is shown that the changes of the functional state of hormone-sensitive AC system are dependent to a large extent on the type and duration of DM and in experimental DM on the model of the disease. The degree of alterations and abnormalities of AC signaling pathways correlates very well with the severity of DM and its complications.

scholarly journals Alterations in Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System in Experimental Diabetes: Early Changes and Functional Consequences

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Castellano ◽  
V. M. Navarro ◽  
J. Roa ◽  
R. Pineda ◽  
M. A. Sánchez-Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Functional Consequences

Using long-term streptozotocin (STZ)-treated male rats, we recently proposed that defective function of hypothalamic KiSS-1 system is mechanistically relevant for central hypogonadotropism of uncontrolled diabetes. However, the temporal pattern of such defects and its potential contribution to disturbed gonadotropin secretion in the diabetic female remain so far unexplored. To cover these issues, expression analyses and hormonal tests were conducted in diabetic male (1 wk after STZ; short term) and female (4 wk after STZ; long term) rats. Short-term diabetic males had lower basal testosterone levels and decreased gonadotropin responses to orchidectomy (ORX), which associated with significantly attenuated post-ORX rises of hypothalamic KiSS-1 mRNA. Yet kisspeptin administration to diabetic males was able to acutely elicit supramaximal LH and testosterone responses and normalize post-ORX gonadotropin secretion. Long-term diabetic females showed persistent anestrus and significantly decreased basal gonadotropin levels as well as blunted LH responses to ovariectomy; changes that were linked to lowering of basal and postovariectomy expression of hypothalamic KiSS-1 mRNA. Moreover, despite prevailing gonadotropin suppression, LH responses to acute kisspeptin administration were fully preserved, and even enhanced after its repeated injection, in diabetic females. In sum, our present findings further define the temporal course and mechanistic relevance of altered hypothalamic KiSS-1 system in the hypogonadotropic state of uncontrolled diabetes. Furthermore, our data provide the basis for the potential therapeutic intervention of the KiSS-1 system as adjuvant in the management of disturbed gonadotropin secretion of type 1 diabetes in the female. The time-course and functional consequences of disturbances of the hypothalamic Kisspeptin-1-system in a rat model of uncontrolled diabetes are reviewed, with findings of potential physiopathologic and therapeutic implications for impaired fertility in type 1 diabetes.

Long-Term Outlook Improving for Type 1 Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (21) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
MIRIAM E. TUCKER

Evaluation of gastric emptying and neuropathy in short- and long-term type-1 diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Várkonyi ◽  
É Börcsök ◽  
R Takács ◽  
R Róka ◽  
C Lengyel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Term Type

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

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