scholarly journals Funkcje jednostek osadniczych aglomeracji poznańskiej a polityka przestrzenna = Functions of settlement units of the Poznań agglomeration in light of spatial policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szczepańska ◽  
Agnieszka Wilkaniec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Declining importance of agriculture has been accompanied by development of non-agricultural activities in rural areas. Concurrently, there has been an increasing interest in the issues of transforming functional and spatial structure of the village. Functions of rural settlement units are primarily identified based upon analysis of changing tendencies concerning employment structure, land use and infrastructure accessibility. Significant changes have also occurred in the landscape and perception of post-agricultural space. The rural area begins to resemble a city (hub), also in terms of social and living conditions. There is a rise in the standard of living (positive effect) and a widespread of urban style of being (a negative effect). These processes are particularly intense in the villages of the suburban area, as they are being absorbed into the spatial and functional structures of the city. The aim of the research is to determine the functional and spatial differences and similarities among settlement units of the Poznań agglomeration based on the analysis of planning documents as well as spatial and cartographic data. Old villages were selected for the research – currently, self-government housing estates in Poznań (auxiliary units) and villages that are adjacent to the city border. Contemporary changes in the functions of settlement units have been identified in a diverse range and extent. However, in general spatial changes exhibit numerous similarities. The most important spatial decisions affecting the functional and spatial structure of settlement units are undertaken at the commune level. It is however necessary to coordinate these activities also at a higher level and at various scales of planning. In particular, there is a need for a an integrated approach to the management of spatial and landscape resources within strongly connected areas such as urban agglomerations.

scholarly journals A Proposed Land Exchange Algorithm for Eliminating the External Plot Patchwork

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Żanna Stręk ◽  
Przemysław Leń ◽  
Justyna Wójcik-Leń ◽  
Paweł Postek ◽  
Monika Mika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Exchange Algorithm ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Structure Improvement ◽  
Land Exchange

In many countries of the world, rural areas are characterized by a defective spatial structure of agricultural land. The most frequent defects are large fragmentation and distribution of farmland. The fragmentation of land has been an issue widely described by many authors throughout the world. The problem of the distribution of land owned by individual farmers is slightly different, since due to the complexity of the problem this issue was not widely explored in Poland (plot patchwork) or in other countries of Europe and the world. Land fragmentation and distribution of plots in rural areas has a negative effect on the profitability and efficiency of agricultural production. Land consolidation and exchange is an operation facilitating spatial structure improvement. The authors attempted to develop a universal land exchange algorithm for eliminating the external plot patchwork. As it turns out, so far no land exchange algorithm has been developed. Specific analyses were carried out in Puchaczów commune, county of Łęczna, Lublin voivodeship in the eastern part of Poland, covering an area of 6907.80 ha, split into 15,211 plots. The chequerboard arrays method was used. The publication presents the algorithm and its practical application using a test sample. A result of the studies is a proposal concerning the exchange of land between landowners in the villages of the commune of Puchaczów. Using the algorithm, the area of individual lands in the commune, after the exchange, will increase by 172.09 ha, which is 2.5% for the area of individual lands, and 1.9% for the commune.

scholarly journals Identificação de Ilhas de Calor na Cidade de Campina Grande-PB Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto (Identification of Heat Islands in Campina Grande City-PB Using Remote Sensing)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elânia Daniele Silva Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The City

A intensa urbanização causa diversos problemas de natureza ambiental, climática e social. O crescimento não planejado da população urbana e a remoção da vegetação são fatores que intensificam estes problemas. As temperaturas na cidade são significativamente mais quentes do que as suas zonas rurais circundantes devido às atividades humanas. As intensas mudanças espaciais em áreas urbanas, promovem significativo aumento na temperatura, causando o chamado efeito de Ilha de Calor Urbano (ICU). Campina Grande é uma cidade de tamanho médio que experimentou um crescimento desordenado, desde o tempo do comércio de algodão e, como qualquer cidade de grande ou médio porte, sofre alterações em seu espaço. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da temperatura da superfície (Ts) e detectar ICU, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para o efeito, foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, dos anos de 1995, 2007 e 2014. Aumentos da Ts foram bem evidentes e foram detectadas duas ICU. Campina Grande mostra um padrão de tendência: o crescimento urbano não planejado é responsável por mudanças no ambiente físico e na forma e estrutura espacial da cidade, o que se reflete sobre o microclima e, em última análise, na qualidade de vida das pessoas.   ABSTRACT The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a medium-sized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life. Keywords: change detection, surface temperature, heat islands, urbanization.   

Transformation of Rural Areas with High Urban Impact: the Example of the Largest Cities in the Warmia and Mazury Region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Szczepanska ◽  
Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska ◽  
Iwona Krzywnicka ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Urban Impact ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Rural Municipalities ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The City

The paper discusses rural transformations resulting from urban influences. The analyzed area consists of rural municipalities (the smallest administrative units in Poland) in the immediate vicinity of Olsztyn, Elblag and Ełk – the largest cities in Warmia and Mazury. The type and rate of social and spatial changes in rural areas with high urban impact were analyzed. The following issues have been addressed: – a comparison between demographic changes in rural municipalities neighboring on urban centres and demographic changes in the city, – changes in the land use structure of rural municipalities neighboring on urban centers, with particular emphasis on open and protected spaces, – architectural changes in the analyzed suburban areas, – landscape changes in the analyzed suburban areas.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFLUENCE OF INTANGIBLE FACTORS ON THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
М. Kosmii
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article identifies the main intangible factors that are inherent in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of settlements. On the example of selected objects of the Carpathian region, the basic approaches to the transformation of existing spatial systems, their potential and prospects are demonstrated and defined. Intangible factors are defined as a set of norms, principles and rules of organization of space, which were formed historically in accordance with the needs of man, society, and focus on meeting intangible needs. Their influence on the spatial structure is realized in the form of legislative and regulatory requirements, political-administrative relations and property relations, as well as mental-ethical, historical-cultural, religious-spiritual and aesthetic factors. In this case, if the material is studied both at the theoretical and practical level, the impact of the intangible requires increased attention from theorists and practitioners of architectural and urban planning. Instead, transformation is a process of qualitative change in the space of the city, which is the result of a combination of tangible and intangible factors, and if there is a clear model of development, it can be directed towards achieving harmony. A detailed study of the impact of intangibles on the spatial organization of architectural and urban planning objects was carried out on the example of rural areas of the region, where there are spiritual and pilgrimage centers and historical and cultural centers. To substantiate the presented conclusions, an architectural and urban inventory of objects was carried out; structural surveys were conducted to identify the analyzed interactions; surveys of residents and visitors; project materials, etc. were found. It is substantiated that in some settlements (villages), in the presence of a high intangible component, there is a higher potential for development of the territory and, accordingly, opportunities for the transformation of their architectural space. Proximity to cities is a determining element in determining the level of readiness of selected objects for the transformation of their spatial structures. The key intangible factors of their development are aesthetic and religious-spiritual factors, which in turn contribute to the development of the material and are system-forming in determining the prospects for the development of spatial structures. The only obstacles that exist in the process of transformation of the spatial structure of these objects are political-administrative, legislative and regulatory factors and the lack of proper infrastructure. The lack of clear legal norms and political will makes it impossible to develop these territories, transfers them to the periphery of tourist routes. It is established that the intangible is a determining factor in the organization of a comfortable space for a person. Intangible components, such as spiritual centers (symbols, chapels) can be an element of landscape design and harmoniously complement aesthetic conditions. In rural areas, since the establishment of OTG, objective conditions have been created for the renovation of existing spatial zones and the formation of open public, cultural or educational space, which will be not only an element of branding, but also a source of investment. Keywords: intangible factors, spatial structure, transformation potential, settlements, Carpathian region.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Changes in Public Transport Passengers as a result of the Corona Pandemic in the Mashhad Suburban Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Mostafa Amirfakhriyan ◽  
◽  
Hadye Hasanneya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Transportation Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
The City

The present study was designed to investigate the spatial variations of public transport passengers before and after Corona in the metropolitan area of ​​Mashhad. For this purpose, after conducting documentary studies, descriptive information about the volume of public transport passengers was obtained from Mashhad Bus Organization separately from each station, and at the same time with preparing a spatial map of the stations, a spatial database was formed. The period under study includes before Corona (March 1997 to February 1998) and after Corona (March 1998 to September 2010). Spatial differences before and after Corona were determined using classical and spatial statistics methods. The results showed significant differences in changes before and after corona. On the other hand, showing the differences showed that in rural areas with a long distance from the city of Mashhad in the west and northwest, unlike other areas, the volume of movements after Corona has increased. Using geographical regression model also showed that among local factors, economic characteristics related to each village show the greatest role in explaining the changes, which in some areas also explains up to 63%. Due to the demographic and economic structure of this area and their strong dependence on public transportation, methods such as closing or reducing operating hours; It brings more segregation of these villages. It is suggested that such studies, focusing on spatial analysis of changes, can assist public transportation management in redesigning programs related to this area.

scholarly journals Origins of the Kalinowszczyzna district in Lublin: history, design principles and current condition

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Michał Dmitruk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
The North ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Lublin developed rapidly at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. Large residential districts were designed on rural areas surrounding the city. Lublin was expanded in almost every geographical direction, in accordance to the principles specified in the 1959 city master plan. The Kalinowszczyzna district was located in the north, covering local hills and ravines, and replacing the former farm and manor it was subsequently named after. The housing estates constructed there were erected mainly by means of prefabricated elements, and included both flats and shops. They also played cultural and administrative functions. The plan’s implementation was launched in 1963 and came to an end in 1980s. Kalinowszczyzna is currently one of 27 administrative districts of Lublin and constitutes an essential part of the city.

scholarly journals Spatial Structure of Modern Moscow

2015 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
D. V. Goloukhova
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
City Centre ◽  
City Development ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The City

The article is focused on the spatial structure of modern Moscow and features distinguishing it from the cities of Western Europe and the US. The city has hybrid spatial structure combining elements which emerged on different stages of the city development. In the 14th century two tendencies appeared: the prestige of the city centre and opposition of Western districts as more prestigious to Eastern districts as less prestigious. Crucial spatial characteristics emerged in the Soviet era and up to now they define the image of Moscow. Firstly, it's a peculiar density profile. Population density in post-socialist cities tends to increase as we move further from the city centre while in Western European cities population density is the highest in central districts. Secondly, elementary units of Moscow spatial structure are so called micro-districts (neighbourhoods). The concept of a microdistrict was very popular with Soviet urban planners and widely applied in the residential construction. Another peculiarity of Moscow spatial structure is social heterogeneity of districts and absence of ethnic quarters or ghettos. Furthermore, significant part of the city area is occupied by former industrials zones which are not used anymore and need to be reconstructed. With transition to market economy a number of spatial changes emerged. They were partly related to the large-scale privatization, infill construction and lack of effective urban planning policy. In conclusion the article states the need for the new model of spatial organization which would take into account the specifics of Russian reality.

scholarly journals Method of Delimiting the Spatial Structure of Villages for the Purposes of Land Consolidation and Exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Żanna Stręk ◽  
Karol Noga
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

Land fragmentation and the distribution of plots in rural areas has a negative effect on the profitability and efficiency of agricultural production. Land consolidation and exchange is an operation that facilitates improvements in the spatial structure, while at the same time contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. With regard to the large number of problem areas, they cannot be subject to land consolidation and exchange at the same time for reasons related to finance and human resources. Therefore, the authors propose that land for consolidation should be consolidated into larger typological units. Identifying those areas that are most similar facilitates the analysis and makes it possible to capture the spatial differentiation of land. The proposed method was tested on 116 villages in the county of Łęczna, situated in Lublin Voivodeship in Eastern Poland. The aim of this research is to develop the concept of village grouping into larger typological units. The obtained results allowed for the creation of a grouping methodology based on selected diagnostic variables that can be applied to other research objects. The description of differences between the identified groups of villages makes it possible to determine the hierarchy of urgency of for land consolidation and exchange. Although delimitation itself does not determine the sequence in which consolidation should be performed, it does allow for the identification of similar areas where such works should be performed at the same time. Based on properly selected guidelines, it is also possible to develop an adequate hierarchy of works. In addition, identifying areas which share similar spatial characteristics and consolidating them has a positive influence, primarily on the cultural heritage, because some variables reflect both quantitative and qualitative aspects of human development on the use of land and on the built-up environment.

scholarly journals Produção do espaço urbano pela política habitacional recente (2003-2014): a criação de novos conjuntos habitacionais na Região Metropolitana de Belém

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Lima Da Silva ◽  
Janete Marília Gentil Coimbra de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Spatial Reference ◽  
Peripheral Location ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Recent Policy

ResumoO trabalho discute a produção do espaço urbano, tendo referência o contexto da política habitacional recente (2003-2014) e a construção de novos conjuntos habitacionais. Parte do ano de 2003, momento em que inicia uma nova fase na política habitacional brasileira, avançando até a criação do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) e do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Analisa a produção do espaço urbano, considerando a construção de novos conjuntos habitacionais e suas localizações. Para tanto, utiliza como referência espacial a Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB). Apesar dos avanços incorporados ao Estatuto das Cidades, em 2001, a política recente tem reforçado uma lógica perversa da localização periférica dos conjuntos habitacionais destinados aos estratos de menor renda, com contribuição direta do PMCMV. Como decorrência, o tecido urbano da RMB tem se estendido precariamente sobre as áreas rurais, num cenário que parece se repetir ao longo das políticas habitacionais, revelando contradições e conflitos na produção do espaço urbano.Palavras-Chave: Espaço Urbano, Política Habitacional, Região Metropolitana de Belém. AbstractThe work discusses the production of urban space, having reference to the recent housing policy (2003-2014) and the construction of new housing estates. From the year of 2003, at which point starts a new phase in the Brazilian housing policy, advancing up the creation of the Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) and the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). It analyzes the production of urban space, considering the construction of new housing estates and their locations. Therefore, uses as a spatial reference the Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB). Despite advances incorporated in the Statute of the City, in 2001, the recent policy has reinforced a perverse logic of the peripheral location of the housing estates for the lower income strata, with direct contribution of PMCMV. As a result, the urban fabric of the RMB has extended precariously on the rural areas, a scenario that seems to repeat itself over housing policy, revealing contradictions and conflicts in the production of urban space.Keywords: Urban Space, Housing Policy, the Metropolitan Region of Belém. ResumenEl trabajo analiza la producción del espacio urbano, con referencia a la reciente política habitacional (2003-2014) y la construcción de nuevas viviendas. Parte del año de 2003, punto en que se inicia una nueva etapa en la política habitacional brasileña, avanzando hasta la creación del Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) y el Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Analiza la producción del espacio urbano, considerando la construcción de nuevas urbanizaciones y sus ubicaciones. Para eso, toma como referencia espacial la Región Metropolitana de Belém (RMB). Pese a los avances incorporados en el Estatuto de la Ciudad, en 2001, la política reciente ha reforzado una lógica perversa de la localización periférica de las viviendas destinadas a los estratos de menor renta, con la contribución directa de PMCMV. Como resultado, el tejido urbano del RMB se ha ampliado precariamente en las zonas rurales, un escenario que parece repetirse sobre la política de vivienda, revelando las contradicciones y conflictos en la producción del espacio urbano.Palabras clave: Espacio Urbano, Política Habitacional, Región Metropolitana de Belém. 

scholarly journals Suburbanization as a problem of rural development

2020 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Żanna Stręk ◽  
Paweł Postek ◽  
Angelika Sobczak ◽  
Paulina Rybaczek
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Rural Identity ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Polish agriculture is now facing many problems. One of them is the fragmentation of land. This phenomenon is rooted in history. Farmers willing to distribute their assets among their children gave a certain part of the farm to each of them. Due to their intention to split the assets fairly between the heirs, the fragmentation of land increased. The arduousness of this phenomenon is manifested in the fact that plots that are too small or too narrow and their irregular shape make running profitable agricultural activity difficult. Another negative factor affecting the spatial arrangement of rural areas is the process of suburbanization. During suburbanization specific links are formed between the city and rural areas such as the flow of people, goods or capital. They play an important role in transforming those areas, and in particular in determining the method of management of such areas and the location of respective types of activity. Suburbanization leads to a decrease in the population density in city centres and an increase in the suburbs. The emigration of the indigenous city people to the suburbs grew in popularity. The effect of the process is a growing fragmentation of plots in order to separate building plots that are smaller and smaller. In many cases the plots used for agricultural purposes but in local spatial development plans destined for housing development are split into multiple smaller plots and with time they are turned into suburban single-family housing estates. The influx of urban communities and the related expansion of building development in rural areas lead to the loss of rural identity. This is how the agricultural nature of rural areas where farms withdraw from agricultural activity changes. This article aims at exploring the selected spatial factors such as the analysis of use and fragmentation of land owned by private farmers, as well as the analysis of the suburbanization process in the villages within the commune of Konopnica in the Lublin county, Lublin voivodeship. The surveys were based on a cartographic and descriptive method. The method comprised a detailed survey of the spatial structure of selected villages within the commune of Konopnica based on a cadastral map, the index of plots and a reconnaissance. Information about the area of each plot and information about the registration unit was used as input data for a detailed analysis of the fragmentation of private plots in five area ranges, an analysis of the use of land, and a detailed analysis of changes in the size of farms in 2012-2017. The results of studies will make it possible to determine the direction and scope of changes in the fragmentation of land in the villages situated within the analysed commune.

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