scholarly journals UTCI applications in practice (methodological questions)

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Błażejczyk ◽  
Magdalena Kuchcik
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Complex Index ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Radiant Temperature

UTCI, although it was developed with the participation of scientists from 22 countries, it has shortcomings and people using it face various obstacles. The difficulties include wide range of issues: from different availability of meteorological data in individual countries, through the kind of air temperature which should be properly used in calculations, or the need of recalculation of wind speed. However the biggest subject concern algorithms for mean radiant temperature (Mrt) calculations, different models and programs which simplify calculations of this complex index though introduce different approximations and, as a result, many false results. The paper presents also wide range of UTCI applications in urban bioclimate studies and bioclimatic mapping, climate-human health researches and biometeorological forecasts which were the primary purpose of the index creation, but also applications in tourism and recreation or even in bioclimate change analysis.

scholarly journals Integrated Weather Effects on Cycling Shares, Frequencies, and Durations in Rotterdam, the Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Böcker ◽  
Sofia Thorsson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Variables ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Radiant Temperature

Abstract With the increasing societal interest in climate change, health, accessibility, and liveability and subsequent policy aims to promote active transport modes over car usage, many scholars have investigated the relationship between weather and cycling. Existing studies, however, hardly address the effects of weather on cycling durations and often lack assessments of the combined effects of different meteorological variables and potential nonlinearity of these effects. Drawing on travel diary data from a panel study of 945 Greater Rotterdam respondents (the Netherlands), this paper investigates and compares the effects of different meteorological variables, singly as well as combined, on cycling frequencies, cycling durations, and the exchange between cycling and other transport modes. Results show linear negative effects of precipitation sum and wind speed and nonlinear bell-shaped effects of thermal variables on cycling and opposite effects on car usage. Out of three thermal variables investigated, mean radiant temperature (radiant heat exchange between humans and the environment) and physiological equivalent temperature (an index combining the effects of air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air humidity, and wind speed) better explain cycling behavior than just air temperature. Optimum thermal conditions for cycling were found on days with maximum air temperatures around 24°C, mean radiant temperatures around 52°C, and physiological equivalent temperatures around 30°C. Policy and planning implications are highlighted that could reduce cyclists’ exposures to disadvantageous weather conditions such as heat, precipitation, and wind, at present and in a potentially changing climate.

A field survey of thermal stress in New Guinea villagers

1974 ◽  
Vol 268 (893) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Fluid Deficit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Radiant Temperature

A survey to assess the thermal stress experienced by New Guinea villagers during everyday life was conducted on about 30 adults of each sex at each of two places - the villages of Kaul, on Karkar Island, and Lufa in the highlands. An observer accompanied each subject throughout the day, continuously recording his activity, his adjustments of clothing, and the time he spent in sunshine and in shade. Every 20 min, measurements of air temperature, humidity, and wind speed, and the mean radiant temperature in sunshine and shade, were made near the subject. Air temperature in the villagers’ houses was continuously recorded by thermograph. A preliminary analysis of the results indicates that people at Lufa were exposed to lower air temperature, humidity, and wind speed, but greater radiant heat, than those at Kaul. The average thermal stress, as calculated by the method of Belding & Hatch, was only slightly less at Lufa than at Kaul. At Kaul the air temperature indoors was much the same as that outdoors, but at Lufa it was 2 °C higher than outdoors. Air temperature and mean radiant temperature at Kaul were considerably higher in houses built of galvanized iron than in those of traditional bush materials. Men working in a copra drier were intermittently exposed to air temperatures over 71 °C, and to globe-thermometer temperatures as high as 110 °C. Kaul people engaged in their normal pursuits were found to lose an average of 2196 g of sweat in 7.5 h and to replace about half of it by drinking, thus incurring a fluid deficit of 1172 g, equivalent to 2.1 % of body mass.

scholarly journals INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATION OF METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH INITIAL SPREAD OF COVID-19 IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Kulkarni ◽  
Harshwardhan Vinod Khandait ◽  
Uday Wasudeorao Narlawar ◽  
Pragati G Rathod ◽  
Manju Mamtani
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Basic Reproduction Rate ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Whether weather plays a part in the transmissibility of the novel COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is still not established. We tested the hypothesis that meteorological factors (air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed and rainfall) are independently associated with transmissibility of COVID-19 quantified using the basic reproduction rate (R0). We used publicly available datasets on daily COVID-19 case counts (total n = 108,308), three-hourly meteorological data and community mobility data over a three-month period. Estimated R0 varied between 1.15-1.28. Mean daily air temperature (inversely) and wind speed (positively) were significantly associated with time dependent R0, but the contribution of countrywide lockdown to variability in R0 was over three times stronger as compared to that of temperature and wind speed combined. Thus, abating temperatures and easing lockdown may concur with increased transmissibility of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Effects of clouds on surface melting of Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian Mountains, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (243) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIZU CHEN ◽  
XIANG QIN ◽  
SHICHANG KANG ◽  
WENTAO DU ◽  
WEIJUN SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Turbulent Heat Flux ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Glacier Melt

ABSTRACTWe analyzed a 2-year time series of meteorological data (January 2011–December 2012) from three automatic weather stations on Laohugou glacier No. 12, western Qilian Mountains, China. Air temperature, humidity and incoming radiation were significantly correlated between the three sites, while wind speed and direction were not. In this work, we focus on the effects of clouds on other meteorological parameters and on glacier melt. On an average, ~18% of top-of-atmosphere shortwave radiation was attenuated by the clear-sky atmosphere, and clouds attenuated a further 12%. Most of the time the monthly average increases in net longwave radiation caused by clouds were larger than decreases in net shortwave radiation but there was a tendency to lose energy during the daytime when melting was most intense. Air temperature and wind speed related to turbulent heat flux were found to suppress glacier melt during cloudy periods, while increased water vapor pressure during cloudy days could enhance glacier melt by reducing energy loss by latent heat. From these results, we have increased the physical understanding of the significance of cloud effects on continental glaciers.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort of patients in hospital ward areas

1977 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith ◽  
A. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hospital Ward ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiant Temperature

SUMMARYThe patient is identified as being of prime importance for comfort standards in hospital ward areas, other ward users being expected to adjust their dress to suit the conditions necessary for patient comfort. A study to identify the optimum steady state conditions for patient comfort is then described.Although this study raises some doubts as to the applicability of the standard thermal comfort assessment techniques to ward areas, it is felt that its results give a good indication of the steady-state conditions preferred by the patients. These were an air temperature of between 21.5° and 22° C and a relative humidity of between 30% and 70%, where the air velocity was less than 0.1 m/s and the mean radiant temperature was close to air temperature.

scholarly journals Análise comparativa da velocidade do vento e da temperatura do ar, entre dados gerados por reanálises meteorológicas e dados observacionais na região de Minas Gerais

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Mauren Lucila Marques de Morais Micalichen ◽  
Nelson Luís da Costa Dias
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Wind Speed Data

The use of alternative sources of meteorological data has become increasingly common, making it possible to evaluate areas with no long or continuous series of meteorological data. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of data series from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction / National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) for the state of Minas Gerais and verify the possible use of them in the absence of data observations of air temperature and wind speed. The analyzes were performed by comparing observation data from 17 meteorological stations and reanalysis data of the CFSR and CFSV2 models. From the results of the statistical analysis, it is observed that the air temperature reanalysis data presented a good performance in the region of study. However, wind speed data show a weak correlation. These results show that the air temperature data from these reanalyses have the potential to be used as an alternative source of data. Further studies are suggested regarding the use of wind speed data from these reanalyses.

scholarly journals O desconforto térmico estival em Lisboa - uma abordagem bioclimática

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (66) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Wind Regime ◽  
Physiological Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Northerly Wind ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Human Energy ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Radiant Temperature

THE SUMMER THERMAL STRESS IN LISBOA; A BIOCLIMATIC APPROACH. The summer frequency of hot days was studied, in Lisboa/Portela, with daily data from the period 1981/97. We used the Physiological Equivalent Temperature, an index of thermal confort based on the human energy balance, and calculated with air temperature, vapour pressure, wind speed and mean radiant temperature. It was assumed that mean radiant temperature was equal to air temperature, which is acceptable in the shade. The days were classifiend in two groups: hot days and very hot days, according to the thresholds of PET of 29ºC and 35ºC; 10% of the days had warm stress, with a maximum of frequency in July and a great interanual variability. The relation between the thermal discomfort and the wind regime was analysed. Most of the unconfortable days had breeze conditions, with the wind blowing from the East (from the estuary) during the morning; in the afternoon, the barometric gradient between the Ocean and the Iberian Peninsula increases, the breeze is replaced by a week northerly wind. The frequent occurence of strong northerly winds in summer is an important factor of reduction of the warm stress in Lisbon

scholarly journals PAIR INFLUENCE OF WIND SPEED AND MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE ON OUTDOOR THERMAL COMFORT OF HUMID TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangkertadi Sangkertadi ◽  
Reny Syafriny
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature

The purposes of this article is to explore knowledge of outdoor thermal comfort in humid tropical environment for urban activities especially for people in walking activity, and those who stationary/seated with moderate action. It will be characterized the pair influence of wind speed and radiant temperature on the outdoor thermal comfort. Many of researchers stated that those two microclimate variables give significant role on outdoor thermal comfort in tropical humid area. Outdoor Tropical Comfort (OTC) model was used for simulation in this study. The model output is comfort scale that refers on ASHRAE definition. The model consists of two regression equations with variables of air temperature, globe temperature, wind speed, humidity and body posture, for two types of activity: walking and seated. From the results it can be stated that there is significant role of wind speed to reduce mean radiant temperature and globe temperature, when the velocity is elevated from 0.5 m/s to 2 m/s. However, the wind has not play significant role when the speed is changed from 2 m/s to 3.5 m/s. The results of the study may inspire us to implement effectiveness of electrical-fan equipment for outdoor space in order to get optimum wind speed, coupled with optimum design of shading devices to minimize radiant temperature for thermal comfort.

Statistical modelling of combined ozone-temperature events in Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Jahn ◽  
Elke Hertig
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Air pollution as well as high air temperature both pose a large risk to human health in Europe. High temperature levels are associated with an exceptionally high mortality rate, only representing the extreme end of a wide range of possible health effects. Tropospheric ozone, a secondary air pollutant, is primarily built by photochemical reactions under solar radiation with the involvement of precursor gases including nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, methane, and non-methane volatile organic compounds. Due to the specific characteristics of ozone formation, high levels of ozone and temperature often coincide, posing an even intensified threat to human health.</p><p>The current scientific work focuses on the co-occurrence of these two health stressors as well as their underlying meteorological conditions. A subset of European ozone (AirBase_v8, EEA) and temperature (ECA&D) stations is selected for analysis based on individual station locations and data coverage. Taking into account different settings of air substances concentrations (urban, outer conurbation area, rural regions), these stations are classified and grouped by station type and area type resulting in five distinct station classes: urban traffic, urban background, suburban background, rural background and rural industrial.</p><p>Maximum daily 8-hour average ozone values (MDA8O3, EEA), observed daily maximum air temperatures (TX, ECA&D) and meteorological variables (from ERA5, ECMWF) form the data basis for model building. Current thresholds and extreme definitions e.g. based on WHO air quality guidelines or high percentiles (75<sup>th</sup> and 90<sup>th</sup>) are examined and discussed to describe elevated levels of these variables and to finally define combined ozone-temperature events.</p><p>Possible regional patterns as well as disparities between urban and rural areas regarding the specific settings for ozone formation as well as varying meteorological mechanisms for the occurrence of combined ozone-temperature events are closely examined. The methodological focus is primary on statistical modelling, the application and comparison of varying multivariate statistical approaches and different machine learning methods, e.g. various regression analyses using shrinkage methods or random forests. Consequently, statistical models are generated to analyse the influence of meteorological conditions on the occurrence of combined ground-level ozone and temperature events along with the identification of primary key factors (e.g. ozone persistence or larger-scale air temperature and wind conditions) at each specific location.</p><p>Furthermore, frequency and intensity changes of combined ozone-temperate events in the scope of global warming are assessed. Thus, projections of these co-occurring events under the constraints of ongoing climate change until the end of the 21st century are analysed by integrating projections of general circulation models into the statistical modelling process.</p>

Research on the Law of Disaster Caused by Transmission Line Galloping

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 2543-2548
Author(s):  
Li Chun Zhang ◽  
Kuan Jun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Grid Security ◽  
Line Voltage

Galloping is one of the gravely natural disasters witch put a significant threat to Grid security and stability. In this paper, a comprehensive, systematic research and analysis about transmission line galloping in China in recent years was done. Laws and characteristics of galloping disaster was analyzed in many aspects, including time and place that the galloping occurred, name of transmission line, voltage and structural parameters of line, meteorological data (air temperature, wind speed, ice, etc. ),the topography information where the transmission line located , the duration of galloping, and the destruction forms coursed by galloping. This work provides an important research reference not only for anti-galloping methods but enhancing the ability of withstanding natural disasters in Grid.

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