scholarly journals The Early Mediaeval Slav-German border (Limes Sorabicus) in the light of research into Y-chromosome polymorphism in contemporary and historical German populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-596
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Boundary ◽  
Mixed Origin ◽  
Historical Accounts

n the 8th century, the first political boundary between Germany (the land of the Franks) and the Slav people – known as Limes Sorabicus – followed the line of the Rivers Elbe and its tributary the Saale. In later centuries this was breached under the influence of an eastwards political expansion of Germany also characterised by developing German colonisation in that same direction (of the so-called Ostsiedlung). The consequence was for German regional communities to take shape to the east of the old Limes Sorabicus. Alongside the emigrants from the west, further participants in the process where autochthonous Slavs and Balts. This mixed origin of the new communities arising is revealed in historical accounts, but also via the results of scientific analyses of various profiles. The genetic research carried out to date supports the above contention, as well as a conclusion that the zone around the old Limes Sorabicus, despite its running through the centre of what is today an ethnically-German area, continues to represent a separation of populations whose ancestors are mainly of distinct origins.

Molecular Genetic Analysis of Population Structure of the Great Zhuz Kazakh Tribal Union Based on Y-Chromosome Polymorphism

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Ashirbekov ◽  
A. V. Khrunin ◽  
D. M. Botbayev ◽  
A. M. Belkozhaev ◽  
A. O. Abaildayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism

scholarly journals The evolution of the Y chromosome with X-Y recombination.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
A G Clark
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Theoretical Population

Abstract A theoretical population genetic model is developed to explore the consequences of X-Y recombination in the evolution of sex chromosome polymorphism. The model incorporates one sex-determining locus and one locus subject to natural selection. Both loci have two alleles, and the rate of classical meiotic recombination between the loci is r. The alleles at the sex-determining locus specify whether the chromosome is X or Y, and the alleles at the selected locus are arbitrarily labeled A and a. Natural selection is modeled as a process of differential viabilities. The system can be expressed in terms of three recurrence equations, one for the frequency of A on the X-bearing gametes produced by females, one for each of the frequency of A on the X- and Y-bearing gametes produced by males. Several special cases are examined, including X chromosome dominance and symmetric selection. Unusual equilibria are found with the two sexes having very different allele frequencies at the selected locus. A significant finding is that the allowance of recombination results in a much greater opportunity for polymorphism of the Y chromosome. Tighter linkage results in a greater likelihood for equilibria with a large difference between the sex chromosomes in allele frequency.

Y-chromosome polymorphism data in Majorcan, Minorcan and Valencian populations (eastern Spain)

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Jiménez ◽  
Antònia Picornell ◽  
Carmen Tomàs ◽  
José A. Castro ◽  
M.Misericòrdia Ramon
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphism Data

Two types of mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) Y chromosomes in Quebec

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-537
Author(s):  
Yutaka Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Repetitive Sequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Y Chromosomes

A Y chromosomal repetitive sequence identified two types of Y chromosomes in mice (Mus musculus domesticus) caught near Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec. One type is apparently identical to the Y chromosome found in Maryland, Delaware, and California, whereas the other type is similar, but not identical, to the Y chromosome present in M.m. poschiavinus, an Alpine race of M.m. domesticus. These findings suggest that the domesticus Y chromosome is highly polymorphic and thus useful for elucidating the relationships among American and European house mouse populations.Key words: mouse Y chromosome, polymorphism, Mus musculus domesticus, repetitive sequence, Quebec.

Y chromosome polymorphism in various breeds of cattle (Bos taurus) in Switzerland

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald F. Stranzinger ◽  
Dagmar Steiger ◽  
Josef Kneubühler ◽  
Christian Hagger
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism

Inverted Y chromosome polymorphism in the Gujerati Muslim Indian population of South Africa

1986 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bernstein ◽  
A. Wadee ◽  
J. Rosendorff ◽  
A. Wessels ◽  
T. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism

scholarly journals Extreme Y chromosome polymorphism corresponds to five male reproductive morphs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A Sandkam ◽  
Pedro Almeida ◽  
Iulia Darolti ◽  
Benjamin Furman ◽  
Wouter van der Bijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Adaptive Diversity

AbstractSex chromosomes form once recombination is halted between the X and Y chromosomes. This loss of recombination quickly depletes Y chromosomes of functional content and genetic variation, which is thought to severely limit their potential to generate adaptive diversity. We examined Y diversity in Poecilia parae, where males occur as one of five discrete morphs, all of which shoal together in natural populations where morph frequency has been stable for over 50 years. Each morph utilizes different complex reproductive strategies, and differ dramatically from each other in color, body size, and mating behavior. Remarkably, morph phenotype is passed perfectly from father to son, indicating there are five Y haplotypes segregating in the species, each of which encodes the complex male morph characteristics. Using linked-read sequencing on multiple P. parae females and males of all five morphs from natural populations, we found that the genetic architecture of the male morphs evolved on the Y chromosome long after recombination suppression had occurred with the X. Comparing Y chromosomes between each of the morphs revealed that although the Ys of the three minor morphs that differ predominantly in color are highly similar, there are substantial amounts of unique genetic material and divergence between the Ys of the three major morphs that differ in reproductive strategy, body size and mating behavior. Taken together, our results reveal the extraordinary ability of evolution to overcome the constraints of recombination loss to generate extreme diversity resulting in five discrete Y chromosomes that control complex reproductive strategies.Significance StatementThe loss of recombination on the Y chromosome is thought to limit the adaptive potential of this unique genomic region. Despite this, we describe an extraordinary case of Y chromosome adaptation in Poecilia parae. This species contains five co-occurring male morphs, all of which are Y-linked, and which differ in reproductive strategy, body size, coloration, and mating behavior. The five Y-linked male morphs of P. parae evolved after recombination was halted on the Y, resulting in five unique Y chromosomes within one species. Our results reveal the surprising magnitude to which non-recombining regions can generate adaptive diversity and have important implications for the evolution of sex chromosomes and the genetic control of sex-linked diversity.

scholarly journals CSYseq: The first Y-chromosome sequencing tool typing a large number of Y-SNPs and Y-STRs to unravel worldwide human population genetics

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009758
Author(s):  
Sofie Claerhout ◽  
Paulien Verstraete ◽  
Liesbeth Warnez ◽  
Simon Vanpaemel ◽  
Maarten Larmuseau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Forensic Genetics ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Paired End Sequencing

Male-specific Y-chromosome (chrY) polymorphisms are interesting components of the DNA for population genetics. While single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) indicate distant evolutionary ancestry, short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) are able to identify close familial kinships. Detailed chrY analysis provides thus both biogeographical background information as paternal lineage identification. The rapid advancement of high-throughput massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technology in the past decade has revolutionized genetic research. Using MPS, single-base information of both Y-SNPs as Y-STRs can be analyzed in a single assay typing multiple samples at once. In this study, we present the first extensive chrY-specific targeted resequencing panel, the ‘CSYseq’, which simultaneously identifies slow mutating Y-SNPs as evolution markers and rapid mutating Y-STRs as patrilineage markers. The panel was validated by paired-end sequencing of 130 males, distributed over 65 deep-rooted pedigrees covering 1,279 generations. The CSYseq successfully targets 15,611 Y-SNPs including 9,014 phylogenetic informative Y-SNPs to identify 1,443 human evolutionary Y-subhaplogroup lineages worldwide. In addition, the CSYseq properly targets 202 Y-STRs, including 81 slow, 68 moderate, 27 fast and 26 rapid mutating Y-STRs to individualize close paternal relatives. The targeted chrY markers cover a high average number of reads (Y-SNP = 717, Y-STR = 150), easy interpretation, powerful discrimination capacity and chrY specificity. The CSYseq is interesting for research on different time scales: to identify evolutionary ancestry, to find distant family and to discriminate closely related males. Therefore, this panel serves as a unique tool valuable for a wide range of genetic-genealogical applications in interdisciplinary research within evolutionary, population, molecular, medical and forensic genetics.

scholarly journals A near complete genome for goat genetic and genomic research

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Li ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Xuelei Dai ◽  
Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaei ◽  
Wenwen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
De Novo Genome Assembly ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Long Read ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Goat, one of the first domesticated livestock, is a worldwide important species both culturally and economically. The current goat reference genome, known as ARS1, is reported as the first nonhuman genome assembly using 69× PacBio sequencing. However, ARS1 suffers from incomplete X chromosome and highly fragmented Y chromosome scaffolds. Results Here, we present a very high-quality de novo genome assembly, Saanen_v1, from a male Saanen dairy goat, with the first goat Y chromosome scaffold based on 117× PacBio long-read sequencing and 118× Hi-C data. Saanen_v1 displays a high level of completeness thanks to the presence of centromeric and telomeric repeats at the proximal and distal ends of two-thirds of the autosomes, and a much reduced number of gaps (169 vs. 773). The completeness and accuracy of the Saanen_v1 genome assembly are also evidenced by more assembled sequences on the chromosomes (2.63 Gb for Saanen_v1 vs. 2.58 Gb for ARS1), a slightly increased mapping ratio for transcriptomic data, and more genes anchored to chromosomes. The eight putative large assembly errors (1 to ~ 7 Mb each) found in ARS1 were amended, and for the first time, the substitution rate of this ruminant Y chromosome was estimated. Furthermore, sequence improvement in Saanen_v1, compared with ARS1, enables us to assign the likely correct positions for 4.4% of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) probes in the widely used GoatSNP50 chip. Conclusions The updated goat genome assembly including both sex chromosomes (X and Y) and the autosomes with high-resolution quality will serve as a valuable resource for goat genetic research and applications.

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