scholarly journals Urinary Metabolites Associated with Blood Pressure on a Low- or High-Sodium Diet

Theranostics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1468-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Haiying Song ◽  
Xiaoqing Pan ◽  
Hong Xue ◽  
Yifei Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
High Sodium Diet

Comparison of systemic and direct intrarenal angiotensin II blockade on sodium excretion in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. F40-F46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Peng ◽  
F. G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Systemic Effects ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
High Sodium Diet ◽  
Interstitial Infusion

To dissociate the renal effects from the systemic effects of angiotensin II blockade, the present study was designed to determine the effects of systemic and renal interstitial infusion of the specific angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor antagonist, losartan, on blood pressure and sodium excretion in rats fed a low-, normal, or high-sodium diet. Fractional sodium excretion (FENa) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured in rats before and during systemic infusion of losartan (10 mg/kg) or renal interstitial infusion of losartan (3 mg/kg) by means of a chronically implanted matrix. In rats fed a low- or normal sodium diet, systemic infusion of losartan markedly decreased MAP (delta -21 +/- 2, delta -10 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05) with an accompanying fall in FENa (delta -0.10 +/- 0.05, delta -0.91 +/- 0.40%, respectively; P < 0.05). In contrast, preferential blockade of renal ANG II with renal interstitial losartan infusion resulted in an increase in FENa (delta 0.13 +/- 0.04, delta 0.95 +/- 0.45%, respectively; P < 0.05) and no significant change in MAP. In rats fed a high-sodium diet, both systemic and renal interstitial infusion of losartan increased FENa (delta 1.90 +/- 0.26, delta 1.40 +/- 0.56%, respectively; P < 0.05). Although systemic infusion of losartan decreased MAP (delta -4.4 +/- 0.6 mmHg, P < 0.05) in rats fed a high-sodium diet, the reduction in MAP was much less than that in rats fed a low- and normal sodium diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Testosterone Increases: Sodium Reabsorption, Blood Pressure, and Renal Pathology in Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats on a High Sodium Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Liu ◽  
Daniel Ely
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Hypertension Development ◽  
High Sodium Diet

Estrogen (E) and testosterone (T) are important in the sexually dimorphic pattern of blood pressure (BP) development. The goal was to examine the effects of endogenous E and exogenous T in the development of hypertension in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) on a high sodium diet. Female SHR (, 5-week) were divided into four groups: (1) control (), (2) ovariectomized (OVX, ), (3) testosterone implants with intact ovaries (T, ), and (4) ovariectomized + testosterone implants (OVX+T, ). T was given immediately after OVX and replaced every two weeks and they were fed a 3% NaCl diet. BP was measured weekly and plasma norepinephrine (NE) analyzed by HPLC. OVX+T females exhibited the greatest elevation in BP (190 ± 4.0 mmHg) compared to controls at 15 weeks of age (140 ± 3.4 mmHg, ) and a pattern of hypertension development similar to that of male SHR. Females with T treatment showed evidence of glomerulosclerosis. In conclusion, T accelerated the development of hypertension similar to the BP pattern observed in males; the presence of ovaries attenuated the T induced increase in BP; T increased renal sodium reabsorption, and T increased glomerulosclerosis.

scholarly journals Elevation of Morning Blood Pressure in Sodium Resistant Subjects by High Sodium Diet

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moo-Yong Rhee ◽  
Chi-Yeon Lim ◽  
Sung-Joon Shin ◽  
Sang-Woo Oh ◽  
Yong-Soon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Morning Blood Pressure ◽  
High Sodium Diet

Insulin sensitivity is associated with blood pressure response to sodium in older hypertensives

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. E403-E409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Dengel ◽  
Robert V. Hogikyan ◽  
Michael D. Brown ◽  
Scott G. Glickman ◽  
Mark A. Supiano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Sodium Restriction ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Dietary Sodium Restriction ◽  
High Sodium Diet

The purpose of this study was to determine whether sodium-resistant hypertensives are more insulin resistant and whether dietary sodium restriction improves insulin sensitivity in older hypertensives. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine the insulin sensitivity index (SI) after 1 wk each of low- (20 mmol ⋅ l−1 ⋅ day−1) and high- (200 mmol ⋅ l−1 ⋅ day−1) sodium diets in 21 older (63 ± 2 yr) hypertensives. Subjects were grouped on the difference in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) between diets [sodium sensitive (SS): ≥5-mmHg increase in MABP on the high-sodium diet ( n = 14); sodium resistant (SR): <5-mmHg increase in MABP on the high-sodium diet ( n = 7)]. There was no dietary sodium effect on fasting plasma insulin or SI. An analysis of variance indicated a significant ( P = 0.0002) group effect, with SS individuals having lower fasting plasma insulins on the low- (13 ± 2 vs. 27 ± 3 μU/ml) and high- (12 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 3 μU/ml) sodium diets compared with SR individuals. Similarly, there was a significant ( P= 0.0002) group effect in regard to SI, with SS individuals having significantly higher SI on the low- (3.26 ± 0.60 vs. 0.91 ± 0.31 μU × 10−4 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ ml−1) and high- (3.45 ± 0.51 vs. 1.01 ± 0.30 μU × 10−4 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ ml−1) sodium diets compared with SR individuals. We conclude that SR individuals exhibit a greater degree of insulin resistance than SS individuals and that dietary sodium restriction fails to improve insulin sensitivity regardless of sodium sensitivity status.

Protective Effects of Delapril, Indapamide and Their Combination Chronically Administered to Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Fed a High-Sodium Diet

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Biagini ◽  
Michele Zoli ◽  
Carla Torn ◽  
Sabina Boschi ◽  
Giuseppe Vantaggiato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
High Sodium Diet

1. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) have been used widely to test agents putatively capable of vascular protection. These animals present an accelerated time course of hypertension and a reduced life-span. When fed a high-sodium diet from the eighth week of life, a further acceleration in blood pressure increase is obtained, and rats start to die after 5 weeks of diet as a consequence of cerebral haemorrhage. In this model, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were repeatedly proved to prevent vascular lesions and death. Notably, this effect was independent of any hypotensive effect. On the contrary, diuretics were shown not to be equally effective. A combination of ACE inhibitors and diuretics, although known to have synergistic effects in the therapy of hypertension, has never previously been tested. 2. Our aim was to study the effects of long-term treatment with the ACE inhibitor delapril (12 mg day−1 kg−1), the thiazide-like diuretic indapamide (1 mg day−1 kg−1), and their combination (12 and 1 mg day−1 kg−1 respectively), on the survival of SHRsp rats fed a high-sodium diet from the eighth week of life onwards. The effects of the treatments on blood pressure, body weight, food and fluid intake, diuresis, proteinuria and the appearance of lesion signs and death were assessed weekly. When control rats reached 50% mortality, they were killed, together with some drug-treated rats, to compare lesions in brain and kidney. The other drug-treated rats continued treatments until 50% mortality was reached in two treatment groups. 3. All drug treatments were able to delay death significantly when compared with control rats, which reached 50% mortality after 6 weeks of salt loading. This event was preceded by a highly significant increase in proteinuria, diuresis and fluid intake that took place 3 weeks after the increase in blood pressure over the initial range. In delapril- or indapamide-treated SHRsp these changes were never seen, even when animals started to die. In the combination-treated group, a significant increase (P < 0.01) in fluid intake and diuresis, but not proteinuria, was observed from the third week of treatment onwards. 4. Treatment with delapril or indapamide did not block the progressive increase in blood pressure as observed in control animals. However, the increase in blood pressure was markedly retarded with respect to control rats. At variance with this, in combination-treated animals blood pressure levels were maintained until the end of the experiment within the 99% confidence interval initially observed in control animals. 5. Infarctual and haemorrhagic cerebral lesions were observed in 38% of control rats; no lesions were noted in brains of age-matched rats receiving a drug treatment. Kidneys from control animals presented major degenerative lesions of glomeruli and arteries, characterized by fibrinoid necrosis. This condition was absent in drug-treated animals, which presented minor signs of ischaemic lesion. Heart hypertrophy, when heart weight was expressed as a percentage of body weight, was similar in saline-, delapril- or indapamide-treated rats. At variance with this, in combination-treated animals the heart weight to body weight ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than in the other groups. 6. In conclusion, the diuretic indapamide showed similar protective effects as the ACE inhibitor delapril on acute vascular lesions and survival of SHRsp. Moreover, their combination synergized in preventing heart hypertrophy consequent to long-term hypertension. This result is probably related to the enhanced diuresis and the better control of blood pressure levels selectively found in combination-treated animals.

Augmented response of nighttime and morning blood pressure by high sodium diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. S101-S102
Author(s):  
Mooyong Rhee ◽  
Sungjoon Shin ◽  
Sangwoo Oh ◽  
Yongsoon Park ◽  
Jongwook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Sodium Diet ◽  
Morning Blood Pressure ◽  
High Sodium Diet
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