scholarly journals Early Stage Markers of Late Delayed Neurocognitive Decline Using Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging of Temporal Lobe in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 6168-6177
Author(s):  
Gang Wu ◽  
Shi-shi Luo ◽  
Priya S Balasubramanian ◽  
Gan-mian Dai ◽  
Rui-rui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline

Whole brain atlas-based diffusion kurtosis imaging parameters for evaluation of minimal hepatic encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110269
Author(s):  
Prateek Gupta ◽  
Sameer Vyas ◽  
Teddy Salan ◽  
Chirag Jain ◽  
Sunil Taneja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Brain Atlas ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

Background and purposes Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has no recognizable clinical symptoms, but patients have cognitive and psychomotor deficits. Hyperammonemia along with neuroinflammation lead to microstructural changes in cerebral parenchyma. Changes at conventional imaging are detected usually at the overt clinical stage, but microstructural alterations by advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques can be detected at an early stage. Materials and methods Whole brain diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) data acquired at 3T was analyzed to investigate microstructural parenchymal changes in 15 patients with MHE and compared with 15 age- and sex-matched controls. DKI parametric maps, namely kurtosis fractional anisotropy (kFA), mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (AK) and radial kurtosis (RK), were evaluated at 64 white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) regions of interest (ROIs) in the whole brain and correlated with the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). Results The MHE group showed a decrease in kFA and AK across the whole brain, whereas MK and RK decreased in WM ROIs but increased in several cortical and deep GM ROIs. These alterations were consistent with brain regions involved in cognitive function. Significant moderate to strong correlations (–0.52 to –0.66; 0.56) between RK, MK and kFA kurtosis metrics and PHES were observed. Conclusion DKI parameters show extensive microstructural brain abnormalities in MHE with minor correlation between the severity of tissue damage and psychometric scores.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF BRAIN TISSUE IN PD BY DIFFUSION KURTOSIS IMAGING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEI WANG ◽  
XIN LIU ◽  
SHUOHUA WU ◽  
FANG CHEN ◽  
YE ZHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Brain Microstructure ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

This study proposed to detect changes in brain microstructure in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) to quantitatively diagnose early-stage PD. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DKI scanning were performed in 24 patients with PD and in 12 age- and sex-matched healthy participants. Hoehn and Yahr (H–Y) stage and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III) scores were obtained from both groups. The mean kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis, and radial kurtosis of the bilateral substantia nigra on DKI were measured and compared between the two groups. The correlations between MK, H–Y stage, and UPDRS-III scores were determined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MK for PD in the substantia nigra. The MK value in the PD group was 0.971. The area under the ROC curve of the substantia nigra was 0.905; the sensitivity and specificity were 0.917 and 0.875, respectively, and the cutoff value was 1.046. The MK of the substantia nigra in the PD group had no significant correlation with the H–Y stages but was negatively correlated with the UPDRS-III scores ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). Our research identified DKI as a novel tool for the qualitative diagnosis of PD. The optimal MK value for PD diagnosis could be determined with ROC analysis.

Early evaluation of radiation-induced parotid damage with diffusion kurtosis imaging: a preliminary study

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zhou ◽  
Weibo Chen ◽  
Xia Pan ◽  
Jian He ◽  
Jing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

Background Radiation-induced parotid gland damage is a common complication of radiotherapy (RT) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which always causes xerostomia, dysphagia, dental caries, and even sleep disorders. Early evaluation of radiation-induced parotid damage is required to facilitate early interventions. Purpose To early-evaluate radiation-induced parotid damage using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in patients with NPC undergoing RT. Material and Methods Thirty-two patients with NPC underwent DKI for parotid glands pre-RT (two weeks before RT), mid-RT (five weeks after RT began), and post-RT (four weeks after RT). Parotid volume, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), corrected diffusion coefficient (D), excess diffusion kurtosis coefficient (K) values, mean radiation dose, and xerostomia degrees were recorded and analyzed. Results During RT, parotid ADC (change rates = 41.3 ± 25.2% at mid-RT, 70.8 ± 34.3% at post-RT) and D (change rates = 41.9 ± 25.2% at mid-RT, 63.2 ± 30.2% at post-RT) increased, while parotid volume (atrophy rates = 31.5 ± 7.9% at mid-RT, 30.6 ± 10.3% at post-RT) and K (change rates = –17.8 ± 11.0% at mid-RT, –29.8 ± 9.0% at post-RT) decreased significantly (all P < 0.001). At post-RT, the change rate of parotid D values was significantly positively correlated with the mean radiation dose ( r = 0.455, P < 0.001). Parotid ADC, D, and K values showed excellent intra- and inter-observer agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.946-0.985). Conclusion Radiation-induced parotid damage in patients with NPC undergoing RT could be effectively evaluated by DKI in the early stage.

Diffusion kurtosis imaging and tumour microstructure for monitoring response to radiotherapy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-555
Author(s):  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Yunbin Chen ◽  
Dechun Zheng ◽  
Youping Xiao ◽  
Jiayou Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Xenograft Models ◽  
D Values ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis ◽  
Fractional Irradiation

Abstract Objective To investigate the correlations and feasibility of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters and tumour histopathology after radiotherapy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) xenografts on nude mice. Materials and Methods Seventy-two nude mice were used for the construction of CNE-1 (radio-insensitive) and CNE-2 (radio-sensitive) NPC xenograft models, followed by fraction irradiation at different doses of X-ray. The nude mice were randomly divided into six groups in each cell line models according to the dose of X-ray they have received and with six mice in each group. DKI scan was performed after radiation. DKI parameters, tumour histopathology and AQP-1 biomarkers were detected. One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used in statistical analysis. Results In CNE-1 and CNE-2 NPC xenografts, D values were increased (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.001), while K values (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.001) and tumour size (P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001) were reduced during fraction irradiation. Additionally, cell density (CD) and AQP-1 expressions were decreased, and necrosis ratio (NR) was increased in CNE-2 xenografts after fraction irradiation (P &lt; 0.001). The changes in D values were negatively correlated with tumour size (r = −0.856, P &lt; 0.001), CD (r = −0.918, P &lt; 0.001), AQP-1 mRNA (r = −0.856, P &lt; 0.001) and protein (r = −0.381, P = 0.022) expressions while positively correlated with NR (r = 0.908, P &lt; 0.001) in CNE-2 xenografts. The changes in K values were positively correlated with tumour size (r = 0.964, P &lt; 0.001), CD (r = 0.888, P &lt; 0.001), AQP-1 mRNA (r = 0.955, P &lt; 0.001) and protein (r = 0.330, P = 0.049) expression levels while negatively correlated with NR (r = −0.930, P &lt; 0.001). However, in CNE-1 xenografts, there were no correlation between DKI parameters and the expression of AQP-1. Conclusion Changes in D and K parameters after fractional irradiation are closely related with NPC cellular and pathological characteristics, especially size reduction and necrosis induction. These parameters exhibit potential abilities of monitoring the response to fractional irradiation in radio-sensitive NPC xenografts.

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