scholarly journals Sex-Steroid Regulation of Relaxin Receptor Isoforms (RXFP1 & RXFP2) Expression in the Patella Tendon and Lateral Collateral Ligament of Female WKY Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firouzeh Dehghan ◽  
Sekaran Muniandy ◽  
Ashril Yusof ◽  
Naguib Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Patella Tendon ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Receptor Isoforms ◽  
Steroid Regulation ◽  
Relaxin Receptor

Biomechanical Properties of the Stifle Joint Lateral Collateral Ligament in Dogs

1992 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Blackketter ◽  
J Harari ◽  
J. Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Fibular Head ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Stifle Joint

Bone/lateral collateral ligament/bone preparations were tested and structural mechanical properties compared to properties of cranial cruciate ligament in 15 dogs. The lateral collateral ligament has sufficient stiffness to provide stifle joint stability and strength to resist acute overload following fibular head transposition.

scholarly journals Repair of a Divergent Elbow Dislocation with Distal Ulnar Fracture in a Dog Using TightRope and External Skeletal Fixation

VCOT Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e58-e64
Author(s):  
Marcos Garcia ◽  
Camille Bismuth ◽  
Claire Deroy-Bordenave
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Dislocation ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Elbow Luxation ◽  
Ulnar Fracture ◽  
Fixation System

AbstractThe aim of this study was to report the outcome in a 6-year-old male English Setter dog that suffered a combination of divergent elbow dislocation and open distal ulnar fracture. This study is a case report. After surgical reduction in the elbow luxation, the dog was treated with the TightRope fixation system used as replacement of the lateral collateral ligament, a radioulnar positional screw, and external skeletal fixation. Removal of all implants was performed 3 months postoperatively. The 6-month follow-up visit found the dog without lameness, displaying normal activity, and with normal elbow range of motion and normal Campbell's test. Successful surgical management was achieved with good long-term results using TightRope, a positional screw, and an external skeletal fixator.

scholarly journals Surgical Treatment for Malunion of the Lateral Humeral Epicondyle with Posterior Subluxation of the Radial Head: A Case Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Koichi Yano ◽  
Yasunori Kaneshiro ◽  
Hideki Sakanaka
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Forearm Rotation ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Limited Range Of Motion ◽  
Contracture Release ◽  
Normal Congruence ◽  
The Right

A 24-year-old right-handed man suffered right olecranon and lateral epicondylar fracture from high energy trauma. Fixation of olecranon was performed by a previous doctor. Three months after operation, he presented with limited range of motion (ROM) of the right elbow caused by malunion of the lateral epicondylar fracture and subluxation of the radiohumeral joint. Preoperative ROM of the right elbow was flexion 110° and extension −75°. Forearm rotation was pronation 85° and supination 65°. Fragment excision of the lateral epicondyle, which was 27 mm in length, and lateral collateral ligament repair using anchors were performed. Fourteen months postoperatively, contracture release of the elbow was performed. Twenty-four months postoperatively, radiograph of the elbow showed normal congruence without osteoarthritic changes and the ROM of the right elbow was flexion 120° and extension −35°. Forearm rotation was pronation 90° and supination 70°. In the surgical setting, in case of the size of the lateral epicondylar fragment is relatively large, the fragment should be fixed or lateral collateral ligament should be repaired when the instability of the elbow is found.

scholarly journals Novel classification for multi-ligament knee injury including both tibiofemoral joint factor and patellofemoral joint factor (193)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0030
Author(s):  
Takuya Tajima ◽  
Nami Yamaguchi ◽  
Yudai Morita ◽  
Takuji Yokoe ◽  
Etsuo Chosa
Keyword(s):  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Quadriceps Tendon ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Patella Tendon ◽  
Joint Factor ◽  
Type D ◽  
Neurovascular Injury ◽  
Type C

Objectives: Multi-ligament knee injury (MLKI) shows very varied symptoms which was depended on the combination of injured ligaments. Schenck`s knee dislocation classification which was one of useful classifications for surgeon in decision making. However, Schenck`s classification is only referred to the factors of cruciate ligament and collateral ligament. It is well known that knee joint consists of two important structure; tibiofemoral joint and patellofemoral joint. Knee extensor structure is one of important factors of knee function. Dislocation of patella, quadriceps or patella tendon rupture are sometimes occurred in the knee trauma and provided severe instability or disability of knee function. Of course, these injuries were also target for consideration of treatment. Moreover, knee extensor structure disruption was sometimes combined with other knee ligaments such as cruciate or collateral ligament. Unfortunately, the case of combined cruciate or collateral ligament with knee extensor structure disruption could not classified in the previous classifications. Therefore, we proposed new classification for MLKI which contains both femorotibial factor and patellofemoral factor. We established and defined several categories in accordance with number of injured ligaments, combination of injured ligaments, and additional combined injury such as fracture, nerve injury, vascular injury. It was hypothesized that all cases at least two ligaments involved situation not only combination of tibiofemoral factor, but also including patellofemoral factor, could classify and divide into the new established classification. Methods: The present study was conducted in 2019, involving patient who was diagnosed MLKI at our institute. The study followed both retrospective and prospective observational design including data collected from Apr 2007 to Aug 2020. The experimental design was reviewed and approved (Accession No. 0-0602) by the Ethics Committee of our institute. The procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Inclusion criteria were the cases of two or more injured ligaments diagnosed clinically and by MRI testing and dynamic X-ray testing. Detail of ligament around knee joint were defined as follows; ‘cruciate ligaments` which contains ACL and PCL; ‘collateral ligaments` which contains MCL and posterolateral corner (PLC) certainly include lateral collateral ligament, and; ‘patellofemoral joint factor` which contains medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon. Exclusion criteria was any prior knee surgery cases. Total 65 MLKI cases were met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. We focused on the number of injured ligaments, combination of the injured ligaments, and complication such as fracture, neurovascular injury. Based on the number of injured ligaments, 2 injured ligaments case was categorized as Type A, 3 injured ligaments case was as Type B, 4 ligaments case was as Type C, and 5 ligaments case was as Type D, respectively. We defined that injured ligament counting was follows; cruciate ligament group; ACL and/or PCL, collateral ligament group; MCL and/or PLC, and PF joint group; one of the MPFL or patellar tendon or quadriceps tendon. Depended on the combination of injured ligaments, each case was subdivided into 1 to 5 in Type A and B, into 1 to 3 in Type C. Additional injuries with MLKI were also subdivided as follows; MLKI with fracture case was defined as X, with neurovascular injury case was as Y, and both fracture and neurovascular injury case was as Z. (Table 1, 2, 3, and 4). For each case, final decision of injured ligament was recorded under clinical examination and image evaluation. MLKI cases were divided into both Schenk’s KD classification and the present new established classification. Results: Fifty-seven of 65 cases were divided into Schenck’s KD classification as follows; 19 cases of ACL+MCL and 13 cases of ACL+PLC and 9 cases of PCL+PLC and 2 cases of PCL+MCL as KD-?, 4cases of ACL+PCL as KD-? and one case of ACL+PCL with fracture as KD-?2, 6 cases of ACL+MCL, 2 cases of ACL+PCL+PLC as KD-?, and 1 case of ACL+PCL+MCL+MCL with fracture as KD-?5, respectively. Eight cases (12.3%) could not be divided into Schenk’s KD classification. Combination of these 8 cases were follows; 2 cases of PLC+MPFL, and single case of ACL+MCL+PLC, ACL+PCL+MCL+PLC+MPFL, ACL+MPFL, PCL+PLC+MPFL+ fracture, ACL+MCL+MPFL, and PCL+ patella tendon, respectively. Seven of 8cases contained PF joint factor injury. At the established new classification for MLKI, all 65 cases were divided into each category, successfully. PLC+MPFL was divided into Type-A5, ACL+MCL+PLC was Type-B2, ACL+PCL+MCL+PLC+MPFL was Type-D, ACL+MPFL was Type-A4, PCL+PLC+MPFL was Type-B3-X, ACL+MCL+MPFL was Type-B3, and PCL+ patella tendon was Type-A4. Conclusions: Several classification systems have been reported for diagnosis of MLKI cases. Kennedy `s classification and the French Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology 2008 classification were focused on the mechanism and direction of dislocation. These classifications were available for understanding comprehension mechanism of injured knee. However, previous classifications including Schenck’s classification were lack of PF joint factor. It is very important for knee surgeon that understanding injured mechanism as well as number of injured ligaments and combination of injured ligaments for decision making for surgery. The present classification was useful for MLKI case which contains both tibiofemoral factor and patellofemoral factor.

scholarly journals Imaging Findings of Knee Trauma on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Poonam Ohri ◽  
Shreeji Goya ◽  
Niveditha C ◽  
Manasi Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Knee is one of the major joints involved in kinesis. With increasing involvement in sports related activities especially in young people, Trauma related knee pathologies have increased. An accurate diagnosis regarding the type and extent of injuries is essential for early operative as well as non-operative treatment. Methods:This prospective study included total of 82 cases. The patients were referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis from indoor and outdoor departments of Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Amritsar with suspicion of internal derangement of the knee and with history of knee trauma.Results:The most common age group involved was young males between 15-34 years. In all age groups most of the patients were males. Most common ligament to be injured was Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). Partial tears were more common than complete tears. Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tears were less common. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) tears outnumbered Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) tears and grade 2 tears were more common in both. Among the meniscal injuries Medial Meniscus (MM) tears were more common than LM and grade 3 signal was more common in both. Most of the patellar retinaculum injuries were associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament ACL tears.Conclusions:Post-traumatic pre-arthroscopic MR imaging evaluation has proved to be cost-effective. MRI is an accurate imaging modality complementing the clinical evaluation and providing a global intra-articular and extra-articular assessment of the knee.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE POSTEROLATERAL LIGAMENT COMPLEX OF THE KNEE: LCL AND POPLITEUS TENDON

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
MARCEL FARACO SOBRADO ◽  
CAMILO PARTEZANI HELITO ◽  
LUCAS DA PONTE MELO ◽  
ANDRE MARANGONI ASPERTI ◽  
RICCARDO GOMES GOBBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Popliteus Tendon ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Studies

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyse the distances between the femoral insertions of the popliteus tendon (PT) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) through dissections of cadaveric specimens in a mixed population. Methods: Fresh cadavers were dissected, and the anthropometric data of all specimens were recorded. The distances from the origin of the PT to the LCL in the femoral region and the diameter of each structure were measured using a digital calliper. Results: In total, 11 unpaired knees were dissected, eight men and three women, with an average age of 71.5 ± 15.2 years, weight of 57.2 ± 15.6 kg, and a mean height of 170.5 ± 8.2 cm. The distance from the center of the femoral footprint of the LCL to the PT was 10.0 ± 2.4 mm. The distances between the edges closest to each other and those more distant from each other were 3.1 ± 1.1 mm and 16.3 ± 2.4 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The distance between the midpoints of the PT and the LCL in our mixed population is smaller than the distances often reported in the literature. PLC reconstruction with separate tunnels for the LCL and PT may not be technically possible for individuals of any population. Level of Evidence III, Diagnostic studies.

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