scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns of Critical Genes Involved in FGF Signaling During Morphogenesis and Odontogenesis of Deciduous Molars in Miniature Pigs

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Wenwen Guo ◽  
Xiaoyu Lin ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Lei Hu ◽  
Jiangyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fgf Signaling ◽  
Miniature Pigs ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Deciduous Molars

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Expression Patterns of Critical Genes Involved in FGF Signaling during Morphogenesis and Odontogenesis of Deciduous Molar in Miniature Pig

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Guo ◽  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Lei Hu ◽  
Jiangyi Wang ◽  
Fu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Miniature Pig ◽  
Fgf Signaling ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Dental Epithelium ◽  
Deciduous Molar

Abstract Background The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway plays important role in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development. However, how the ligands, receptors, and inhibitors of the FGF pathway get involved into the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are largely unknown in miniature pigs, which can be used as large animal models for similar tooth anatomy and replacement patterns to humans. Results In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal expression patterns of critical genes encoding FGF ligands, receptors, and inhibitors in the third deciduous molar of the miniature pig at the cap, early bell, and late bell stages. With the methods of fluorescence in situ hybridization and real time RT-PCR, it was revealed that the expression of Fgf3, Fgf4, Fgf7, and Fgf9 mRNAs were located mainly in the dental epithelium and underlying mesenchyme at the cap stage. The expression levels of Fgf3 and Fgf7 in the mesenchyme were upregulated in the early bell stage and then concentrated in the odontoblasts layer in the late bell stage. In contrast, the expression levels of Fgf4 and Fgf9 in the mesenchyme were downregulated from the cap to bell stage. Gene expression analysis also suggested that Fgfr1 and Fgfr3 were the major receptors regulating dental calcification. Furthermore, the inhibitor-coding genes Sprouty 2 and Sprouty 4 were expressed in the epithelium and mesenchyme in the three stages, indicating that elaborate regulation occurred during dental morphogenesis. Conclusions The spatiotemporal expression pattern of FGF signaling provides the foundation for future studies aiming to fine-tune dental morphogenesis and odontogenesis by controlling the interactions between the dental epithelium and mesenchyme, thereby promoting tooth regeneration in large mammals.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal expression patterns of mammalian chordin during postgastrulation embryogenesis and in postnatal brain

2000 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Scott ◽  
Barry M. Steiglitz ◽  
Timothy G. Clark ◽  
William N. Pappano ◽  
Daniel S. Greenspan
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Postnatal Brain ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression

scholarly journals The Murine CD137/CD137 Ligand Signalosome: A Signal Platform Generating Signal Complexity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom K. Choi ◽  
Hyeon-Woo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Costimulatory Receptor ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Proximal Signaling ◽  
Deficient Mice

CD137, a member of the TNFR family, is a costimulatory receptor, and CD137L, a member of the TNF family, is its ligand. Studies using CD137- and CD137L-deficient mice and antibodies against CD137 and CD137L have revealed the diverse and paradoxical effects of these two proteins in various cancers, autoimmunity, infections, and inflammation. Both their cellular diversity and their spatiotemporal expression patterns indicate that they mediate complex immune responses. This intricacy is further enhanced by the bidirectional signal transduction events that occur when these two proteins interact in various types of immune cells. Here, we review the biology of murine CD137/CD137L, particularly, the complexity of their proximal signaling pathways, and speculate on their roles in immune responses.

scholarly journals Expression and Function Studies of CYC/TB1-Like Genes in the Asymmetric Flower Canna (Cannaceae, Zingiberales)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianxia Yu ◽  
Xueyi Tian ◽  
Canjia Lin ◽  
Chelsea D. Specht ◽  
Jingping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Inflorescence Architecture ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Fertile Stamen ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
And Function

The asymmetric flower, lacking any plane of symmetry, is rare among angiosperms. Canna indica L. has conspicuously asymmetric flowers resulting from the presence of a half-fertile stamen, while the other androecial members develop as petaloid staminodes or abort early during development. The molecular basis of the asymmetric distribution of fertility and petaloidy in the androecial whorls remains unknown. Ontogenetic studies have shown that Canna flowers are borne on monochasial (cincinnus) partial florescences within a racemose inflorescence, with floral asymmetry likely corresponding to the inflorescence architecture. Given the hypothesized role of CYC/TB1 genes in establishing floral symmetry in response to the influence of the underlying inflorescence architecture, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of three Canna CYC/TB1 homologs (CiTBL1a, CiTBL1b-1, and CiTBL1b-2) were analyzed during inflorescence and floral development using RNA in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. In the young inflorescence, both CiTBL1a and CiTBL1b-1 were found to be expressed in the bracts and at the base of the lateral florescence branches, whereas transcripts of CiTBL1b-2 were mainly detected in flower primordia and inflorescence primordia. During early flower development, expression of CiTBL1a and CiTBL1b-1 were both restricted to the developing sepals and petals. In later flower development, expression of CiTBL1a was reduced to a very low level while CiTBL1b-1 was detected with extremely high expression levels in the petaloid androecial structures including the petaloid staminodes, the labellum, and the petaloid appendage of the fertile stamen. In contrast, expression of CiTBL1b-2 was strongest in the fertile stamen throughout flower development, from early initiation of the stamen primordium to maturity of the ½ anther. Heterologous overexpression of CiTBL genes in Arabidopsis led to dwarf plants with smaller petals and fewer stamens, and altered the symmetry of mature flowers. These data provide evidence for the involvement of CYC/TB1 homologs in the development of the asymmetric Cannaceae flower.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal expression and transcriptional perturbations by long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 6855-6862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loyal A. Goff ◽  
Abigail F. Groff ◽  
Martin Sauvageau ◽  
Zachary Trayes-Gibson ◽  
Diana B. Sanchez-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Endogenous Expression ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in numerous cellular processes including brain development. However, the in vivo expression dynamics and molecular pathways regulated by these loci are not well understood. Here, we leveraged a cohort of 13 lncRNA-null mutant mouse models to investigate the spatiotemporal expression of lncRNAs in the developing and adult brain and the transcriptome alterations resulting from the loss of these lncRNA loci. We show that several lncRNAs are differentially expressed both in time and space, with some presenting highly restricted expression in only selected brain regions. We further demonstrate altered regulation of genes for a large variety of cellular pathways and processes upon deletion of the lncRNA loci. Finally, we found that 4 of the 13 lncRNAs significantly affect the expression of several neighboring protein-coding genes in a cis-like manner. By providing insight into the endogenous expression patterns and the transcriptional perturbations caused by deletion of the lncRNA locus in the developing and postnatal mammalian brain, these data provide a resource to facilitate future examination of the specific functional relevance of these genes in neural development, brain function, and disease.

Expression patterns and immunohistochemical analysis of ERK, HRAS and MEK1 proteins during ovarian prehierarchical follicular development in Zi geese (Anser cygnoides)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lu ◽  
C. T. Sello ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
Y. Sui ◽  
C. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Localization ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

The objective of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal expression levels and protein localization of extracellular regulated MAP kinase (ERK), HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase (HRAS), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) genes in ovarian prehierarchical follicles of geese. The prehierarchical follicles from healthy laying geese (n=6) at the age of 35 to 37 weeks were harvested. The relative expression levels of ERK, HRAS, and MEK1 in various sized prehierarchical follicles were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and follicular wall localization was investigated by using immunohistochemistry. The results revealed that the candidate genes were expressed differently at mRNA and protein levels at five stages of prehierarchical follicle development. These results suggest that ERK, HRAS, and MEK1 might be associated to the key biological mechanisms regulating Zi geese folliculogenesis.

scholarly journals The spatiotemporal expression patterns of MSC-associated markers contribute to the identification of progenitor subpopulations in developing limbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10-11-12) ◽  
pp. 499-506
Author(s):  
Argelia S. García-Cervera ◽  
Jesús Chimal-Monroy ◽  
Jessica C. Marín-llera
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Expression ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
Adult Mscs

During limb development, skeletal tissues differentiate from their progenitor cells in an orchestrated manner. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are considered to be adult undifferentiated/progenitor cells, have traditionally been identified by the expression of MSC-associated markers (MSC-am) and their differentiation capacities. However, although MSCs have been isolated from bone marrow and a variety of adult tissues, their developmental origin is poorly understood. Remarkably, adult MSCs share similar differentiation characteristics with limb progenitors. Here, we determined the expression patterns of common MSC-am throughout mouse hindlimb development. Our results demonstrate that MSC-am expression is not restricted to undifferentiated cells in vivo. Results from the analysis of MSC-am spatiotemporal expression in the embryonic hindlimb allowed us to propose five subpopulations which represent all limb tissues that potentially correspond to progenitor cells for each lineage. This work contributes to the understanding of MSC-am expression dynamics throughout development and underlines the importance of considering their expression patterns in future MSC studies of the limb.

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