scholarly journals Effects of semi-solidification of enteral nutrients on the pharmacokinetic behavior of orally administered carbamazepine in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1283-1286
Author(s):  
Katsuhito Nagai ◽  
Sachiko Omotani ◽  
Masahito Shibano ◽  
Akihide Kobayashi ◽  
Akihiko Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrients ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of 99mTc-radiolabeled Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Chitosan Coated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1044-1052
Author(s):  
Nasrin Abbasi Gharibkandi ◽  
Sajjad Molavipordanjani ◽  
Jafar Akbari ◽  
Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Main Portion ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

Background: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) possess unique in vivo features such as high resistivity, bioavailability, and habitation at the target site. Coating nanoparticles with polymers such as chitosan greatly affects their pharmacokinetic behavior, stability, tissue uptake, and controlled drug delivery. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate the biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled SLNs and chitosan modified SLNs in mice. Methods: 99mTc-oxine was prepared and utilized to radiolabel pre-papered SLNs or chitosan coated SLNs. After purification of radiolabeled SLNs (99mTc-SLNs) and radiolabeled chitosan-coated SLNs (99mTc-Chi-SLNs) using Amicon filter, they were injected into BALB/c mice to evaluate their biodistribution patterns. In addition, nanoparticles were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Results: 99mTc-oxine with high radiochemical purity (RCP~100%) and stability (RCP > 97% at 24 h) was used to provide 99mTc-SLNs and 99mTc-Chi-SLNs with high initial RCP (100%). TEM image and DLS data suggest 99mTc- SLNs susceptibility to aggregation. To that end, the main portion of 99mTc-SLNs radioactivity accumulates in the liver and intestines, while 99mTc-Chi-SLNs sequesters in the liver, intestines and kidneys. The blood radioactivity of 99mTc-Chi-SLNs was higher than that of 99mTc-SLNs by 7.5, 3.17 and 3.5 folds at 1, 4 and 8 h post-injection. 99mTc- Chi-SLNs uptake in the kidneys in comparison with 99mTc-SLNs was higher by 37.48, 5.84 and 11 folds at 1, 4 and 8h. Conclusion: The chitosan layer on the surface of 99mTc-Chi-SLNs reduces lipophilicity in comparison with 99mTc- SLNs. Therefore, 99mTc-Chi-SLNs are less susceptible to aggregation, which leads to their lower liver uptake and higher kidney uptake and blood concentration.

scholarly journals Harnessing PET to track micro- and nanoplastics in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Keinänen ◽  
Eric J. Dayts ◽  
Cindy Rodriguez ◽  
Samantha M. Sarrett ◽  
James M. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

AbstractThe proliferation of plastics in the environment continues at an alarming rate. Plastic particles have been found to be persistent and ubiquitous pollutants in a variety of environments, including sea water, fresh water, soil, and air. In light of this phenomenon, the scientific and medical communities have become increasingly wary of the dangers posed to human health by chronic exposure to microplastics (< 5 mm diameter) and nanoplastics (< 100 nm diameter). A critical component of the study of the health effects of these pollutants is the accurate determination of their pharmacokinetic behavior in vivo. Herein, we report the first use of molecular imaging to track polystyrene (PS) micro- and nanoplastic particles in mammals. To this end, we have modified PS particles of several sizes—diameters of 20 nm, 220 nm, 1 µm, and 6 µm—with the chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled these DFO-bearing particles with the positron-emitting radiometal zirconium-89 (89Zr; t1/2 ~ 3.3 d). Subsequently, positron emission tomography (PET) was used to visualize the biodistribution of these radioplastics in C57BL/6J mice at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after ingestion. The imaging data reveal that the majority of the radioplastics remain in the gastrointestinal tract and are eliminated through the feces by 48 h post-ingestion, a result reinforced by acute biodistribution studies. Ultimately, this work suggests that nuclear imaging—and PET in particular—can be a sensitive and effective tool in the urgent and rapidly growing effort to study the in vivo behavior and potential toxicity of micro- and nanoplastics.

Pharmacokinetic behavior of sisomicin after single injection

Infection ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (S3) ◽  
pp. S264-S265
Author(s):  
J. C. Pechère ◽  
R. Dugal
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

Pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin after intravenous and intramuscular administrations in adult goats

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Waxman ◽  
C. Rodríguez ◽  
F. González ◽  
M. L. De Vicente ◽  
M. I. San Andrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

Pharmacokinetic behavior of marbofloxacin after intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular administrations in llamas (Lama glama)

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Rubio-Langre ◽  
José J. De Lucas ◽  
Nicolás J. Litterio ◽  
Soledad Aguilar ◽  
Juan C. Boggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lama Glama ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic aspects of Tert-Butylaminoethyl disulfide, an experimental drug against schistosomiasis in mice

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Guerra Andrade ◽  
A. C. T. Freire ◽  
D. L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Experimental Drug ◽  
Drug Plasma ◽  
Cationic Resin ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pass Metabolism ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

A preliminary study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of t-Butylaminoethyl disulfide was performed after administration of two different single doses (35 and 300 mg/kg) of either the cold or labelled drug. Plasma or blood samples were treated with dithiothreitol, perchloric acid, and, after filtration, submitted to further purification with anionic resein. In the final step, the drug was retained on a cationic resin column, eluted with NaCl 1M and detected according to the method of Ellman (1958). Alternatively, radioactive drug was detected by liquid scintillation counting. The results corresponding to the smaller dose of total drug suggested a pharmacokinetic behavior related to a one open compartment model with the following parameters: area under the intravenous curve (AUC i.v.):671 ± 14; AUC oral: 150 ± 40 µg.min. ml [raised to the power of -1]; elimination rate constant: 0.071 min [raised to the power of -1]; biological half life: 9.8 min; distribution volume: 0.74 ml/g. For the higher dose, the results seemed to obey a more complex undertermined model. Combining the results, the occurence of a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior is suggested, the drug being rapidly absorbed and rapidly eliminated; the elimination process being related mainly to metabolization. The drug seems to be more toxic when administered I.V. because by this route it escapes first pass metabolism, while being quickly distributed to tissues. The maximum tolerated blood level seems to be around 16 µg/ml.

Isomeric Effect on the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Anticancer CuIIMixed Chelate Complexes: Experimental and Theoretical Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (12) ◽  
pp. 1728-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos García-Ramos ◽  
Guadalupe Vértiz-Serrano ◽  
Lucia Macías-Rosales ◽  
Rodrigo Galindo-Murillo ◽  
Yanis Toledano-Magaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Chelate Complexes ◽  
Isomeric Effect ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior

Insights into the Impact of Heterogeneous Glycosylation on the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Follistatin-Fc–Based Biotherapeutics

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1882-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Datta-Mannan ◽  
Lihua Huang ◽  
Jennifer Pereira ◽  
Benjamin Yaden ◽  
Andrew Korytko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Behavior
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