scholarly journals Lipid-induced S-palmitoylation as a Vital Regulator of Cell Signaling and Disease Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 4223-4237
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Qu ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
Xiaotong Wang ◽  
Honggang Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Disease Development

scholarly journals Dysregulated Cell Signaling in Pulmonary Emphysema

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Ru Lin ◽  
Karim Bahmed ◽  
Beata Kosmider
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Alveolar Wall ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Stem Cell Potential

Pulmonary emphysema is characterized by the destruction of alveolar septa and irreversible airflow limitation. Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of this disease development. It induces oxidative stress and disturbs lung physiology and tissue homeostasis. Alveolar type II (ATII) cells have stem cell potential and can repair the denuded epithelium after injury; however, their dysfunction is evident in emphysema. There is no effective treatment available for this disease. Challenges in this field involve the large complexity of lung pathophysiological processes and gaps in our knowledge on the mechanisms of emphysema progression. It implicates dysregulation of various signaling pathways, including aberrant inflammatory and oxidative responses, defective antioxidant defense system, surfactant dysfunction, altered proteostasis, disrupted circadian rhythms, mitochondrial damage, increased cell senescence, apoptosis, and abnormal proliferation and differentiation. Also, genetic predispositions are involved in this disease development. Here, we comprehensively review studies regarding dysregulated cell signaling, especially in ATII cells, and their contribution to alveolar wall destruction in emphysema. Relevant preclinical and clinical interventions are also described.

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